Psicología-Tesis de Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/45870

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Acoso sexual callejero en estudiantes mujeres de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2023 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-16) Malo Duran, Johanna Anabel; Ordóñez Ordóñez, Miriam Carlota
Street sexual harassment (CSA) is a social problem that affects all women. CSA can be described as any behavior, gesture or expression of a sexual nature that occurs in public spaces without the consent of the victim. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency of CSA present in female students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in the period 2023-2024, according to sociodemographic variables, from a perspective that includes the different dimensions in which it is manifested and the predominant behaviors of CSA, in addition to describing CSA based on the use of public space by female students. This study has a quantitative methodology, descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. We worked with a sample of 138 female students. For data collection, we used the Questionnaire of Sexual Harassment on Public Roads by Gonzalez et al. (2019), with three dimensions: Verbal and Gestural Harassment; Indirect Harassment; and Physical/Invasive Harassment; accompanied by a sociodemographic card. Regarding the results, it was found that the total population studied experienced CSA, with a high level of frequency. Verbal/Gestural Harassment, and behaviors such as whistling, sounds and morbid looks, were the most common form of ASC experienced by the students. Finally, it was concluded that students who walk longer distances experience a higher incidence of CSA and it is evident that the prevalence of harassment is related to geographic and mobility factors.
Actitudes, conocimientos y prácticas docentes sobre educación inclusiva en las Unidades Educativas del Milenio Sayausí y Carlos Rigoberto Vintimilla, parroquias rurales de Cuenca, periodo 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-13) Ortega Ortiz, Lizbeth Estefania; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Inclusive education aims to ensure access, retention, and participation for all students, regardless of their personal, social, or cultural conditions. This approach promotes educational equity by valuing diversity as an opportunity for learning and coexistence. Previous research has shown that teachers' knowledge, attitudes and practices are key factors in the effective implementation of this model. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the attitudes, knowledge, and practices related to inclusive education among teachers at the Millennium Educational Units Sayausí and Carlos Rigoberto Vintimilla, located in rural parishes of Cuenca, during the 2025–2026 period. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. A total of 80 teachers participated in the study, and the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Scale (CAP Scale) was applied. The results showed that teachers had an adequate understanding of the theoretical foundations of inclusive education, but limited knowledge of specific regulations such as the PIAR and Ministerial Agreement 00089-A. Regarding attitudes, a positive disposition was identified toward adapting the teaching process and recognizing different learning paces. In the practical dimension, the use of diversified strategies and flexible assessment criteria was observed. It is concluded that continuous training and improved pedagogical resources are essential to strengthen and consolidate equitable and high-quality inclusive education.
Adicción a redes sociales y autoestima en adolescentes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Remigio Romero y Cordero en Cuenca, en el período 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-27) Alvarado Argudo, Jessica Paola; Marca Peñaloza, Verónica Paulina; Cabrera Vélez, María Marcela
Adolescence is a vulnerable stage due to the different risk behaviors that are carried out with the purpose of experiencing new sensations, such as obtaining recognition and acceptance from peers. This is why, in modern times, the use of social media networks has become something essential for adolescents due to the benefits they obtain. However, inappropriate use could trigger an addiction, which may be associated with low self-esteem. Therefore, this research had the general objective of describing the scores of addiction to social networks and the levels of self-esteem in high school adolescents. The approach was quantitative with a non-experimental design and a descriptive scope. The participants were 75 adolescents from 14 to 18 years old from an Educational Institution in the city of Cuenca. The instruments that were applied were: the Social Networks Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (EAR). The results obtained showed that adolescents presented low scores of addiction to social networks and the predominant dimension was excessive use of social networks. While the levels of self-esteem of adolescents stand out for being medium (36%) and high (36%). It is concluded that adolescents do not present addiction to social networks and have adequate levels of self-esteem.
Adolescentes hiperconectados: los riesgos del uso de las TIC en Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-17) Jaramillo Muñoz, Andrés Sebastian; Idrovo Cordova, Iván Andrés; Zambrano Conforme, Elsa Gardenia
This study aims to analyze the risks and harms associated with the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) among adolescents. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a non-experimental cross-sectional design with a descriptive scope. The EU KIDS ONLINE 2020 survey was administered to adolescents. The sample comprised 495 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (M=15; SD=1.63). The most commonly used technological devices among adolescents were mobile phones (38.8%) and computers (26.4%). The frequency of usage during the school week averaged around 5 or more hours (34.6%), with a slight increase on weekends. Regarding risks, cyberbullying emerged as the primary concern, with higher exposure reported in two modalities: victimization (44%) and perpetration (31.6%). Additionally, a statistically significant association was found between perpetration and victimization, predominantly within the age range of 12 to 15 years, while sexting incidents were more prevalent among those aged 16 to 18 years. It is crucial for parents and educators to take proactive measures to mitigate these risks and promote appropriate digital education that encourages responsible technology use.
Afectación a las oportunidades laborales y académicas de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca que estudian y trabajan, periodo académico septiembre 2024- febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-19) Guevara Cortez, Nathaly Victoria; Sánchez Poma, Cristian David; Luzuriaga Vásconez, Washington Germán
University students who work during their studies are immersed in labor and academic tensions. This dual responsibility significantly influences both their labor and academic opportunities, leading them to seek various strategies to efficiently fulfill both activities. This study aims to explain how the labor and academic opportunities of fifth and seventh-cycle students from the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Cuenca are affected by their decision to study and work simultaneously. The research employed a qualitative approach with exploratory-descriptive scope, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of students' opinions and arguments. Additionally, a focus group was conducted to further explore the information obtained from the interviews. The results identified the strategies employed by students to manage their time, as well as the positive and negative impacts on both labor and academic spheres. Furthermore, it highlighted the opportunities available to university students who choose to study and work concurrently. Engaging in both activities allows students to integrate what they learn in the classroom with practical work experience, enriching their educational journey.
Alfabetización digital y sharenting en padres e hijos adolescentes de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-19) Molina Vazquez, Daysi Valeria; Hidalgo Moyano, Melissa Anabel; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Objectives and Scope: This study aims to describe digital literacy and sharenting practices among parents and adolescent children in Cuenca, Ecuador. It also compares parents’ sharenting behaviors with their children’s perceptions and analyzes digital literacy levels in both groups based on technological characteristics. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive- comparative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected using the EU Kids Online 2020 survey and the Survey on Activities, Mediation, Opportunities, and Online Risks for Minors in the Era of Media Convergence. The dataset was processed and analyzed using RStudio. Results: The most prevalent digital competencies among parents were social skills (26.74%), whereas adolescents exhibited greater proficiency in mobile-related skills (22.31%). Regarding sharenting, a significant proportion of parents (74.65%) engaged in this practice, primarily driven by the desire to stay connected with family and friends (59.15%). Conclusions: The findings highlight a strong presence of sharenting in Cuenca, closely linked to digital literacy levels. The study also identifies areas of limited digital competency among both parents and adolescents.
Análisis de la inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento deportivo en la provincia del Azuay: el caso de triatletas de la Federación Deportiva del Azuay y Federación Ecuatoriana de Triatlón, durante el periodo 2024 - 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-06) Solís Narváez, Rilke Joaquín; Méndez Marín, Mateo Foilan; Freire Valdiviezo, Paulo Andrés
This research explored the relationship between emotional intelligence and athletic performance in Ecuadorian triathletes. The study´s objectives included determining the relationship between emotional intelligence and athletic performance in Azuay and TRIFED triathletes, as well as analyzing emotional intelligence skills among athletes. The proposed methodology included a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, correlational design. Validated tools were used to assess emotional intelligence and athletic performance, as well as collecting relevant sociodemographic information using a form established by the researchers. The instruments used included the Emotional Intelligence Scale by Schutte et al. (1998), validated in Spanish with certain adjustments and adaptations to the sports context, and an ad hoc performance assessment scale. The findings revealed that the male group had a higher on the four factors of emotional intelligence. When comparing athletic performance between men and women, both groups showed a higher incidence at the superior level (above 90%). However, no relationship was found between the variables of Emotional Intelligence and Athletic Performance.
Ansiedad en período de exámenes en estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca periodo lectivo 2024 – 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-11) Alvarez Mainato, Stalin Noé; López Orellana, Cindy Tatiana
Anxiety is defined as a disorder that impacts mental health, commonly manifesting in stressful situations. In the university context, various factors can contribute to the development of anxiety in students. The objective of this research was to identify the levels of anxiety during the exam period at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca, corresponding to the 2024-2025 academic year. The methodological design was quantitative with a descriptive approach, and the sample consisted of 326 students. To measure anxiety, the Zung Anxiety Scale was used, in its adapted version. The results revealed that the predominant level of anxiety was from marked to severe, followed by minimal to moderate and normal. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, a higher prevalence of anxiety was observed in women compared to men. In relation to the academic cycle, the normal level of anxiety was predominantly present in third cycle students, while the highest levels of anxiety were recorded in seventh cycle students. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Psychology students experience elevated levels of anxiety during exam periods, highlighting the need to implement intervention strategies and psychological support.
Ansiedad infantil en estudiantes de segundo de básica de una unidad educativa de Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año lectivo 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-27) Espinoza Celi, Jessica Estefania; Barrera Moscoso, Daniel Fernando; Pacheco Salazar, María de Lourdes
Anxiety is a natural adaptive mechanism in the face of adverse situations or threatening stimuli. This innate response plays a significant role in childhood development, as it functions as the primary defense mechanism against the environment. However, when these responses interfere with emotional, academic, and social development, they generate a negative impact. Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms occur, limiting healthy development. Taking this issue into account, the research aimed to describe childhood anxiety in second-grade students in an educational unit in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, during the academic year 2023-2024. This study adopts a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 44 students (28 girls and 16 boys), aged between 6 and 7 years. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was applied to three parallel classes A, B, and C of the second year of general basic education. The Childhood Anxiety Scale (CAS) by Gillis (2 011) Spanish version and a Sociodemographic Questionnaire were administered. The results reveal the presence of moderate and low levels of childhood anxiety, with a predominance of moderate levels across the study categories. Additionally, internal and external factors associated with anxiety were identified, highlighting that personal worth serves as a strategy to reduce childhood anxiety levels.
Ansiedad y burnout durante la pandemia en el personal que labora en una institución de salud de la ciudad de Cuenca, en el período 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-17) Arevalo Alvarez, Genesis Vanessa; León Polo, Karen Gabriela; Peña Contreras, Eva Karina
The health emergency caused by COVID-19 has caused anguish and fear in the general population and especially in health professionals. Various studies have shown high rates of anxiety and Burnout in this population. The general objective of this research was to relate sociodemographic data with anxiety and Burnout of health personnel who worked in the Ministry of Public Health zone 6 District-North during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Cuenca. The study had a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, retrospective cross section and correlational scope. Data were taken that were previously collected from the linkage project "Intervention in mental health in the personnel of socio-sanitary services in the city of Cuenca". This investigation had 308 participants and the instruments that were applied within it were the Sociodemographic File, Maslach Burnout Inventory Questionnaire (MBI) and the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (EAA). The results showed that age, sex, marital status and position did not present a significant correlation with anxiety and Burnout; in addition, that the prevalence of anxiety was 17.21% and Burnout 7.14%; it was also the female sex who presented greater anxiety and the male sex greater Burnout; Finally, the youngest people indicated higher Burnout. In conclusion, no correlations were found between the psychological and sociodemographic variables; low prevalence rates of Burnout and anxiety were identified, which alludes to the context in which the pandemic originated.
Autoconcepto en estudiantes de 18 a 22 años de la Carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, período 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-05) Quizhpi Morocho, Joselyn Alexandra; Iñiguez Lorente, Dharma Salomé; Morales Quizhpi, Juana Agustina
Self-concept plays a significant role in emerging adulthood, considered a period of transition from adolescence to adulthood in which personal identity is consolidated, normative changes emerge, and important life decisions are made; linked to socialization, sense of self-identity, academic performance, among others. The general objective of this study is to describe the dimensions of self-concept present in students from 18 to 22 years of age of the Psychology Career of the University of Cuenca. The specific objectives are: to identify the predominant dimension of self-concept in university students and to determine the predominant dimension of self-concept according to sociodemographic variables in this population; it responds to a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional research design, with a descriptive scope that seeks to explain characteristics of the analyzed phenomenon. 209 university students participated in the study, who responded to the Form AF-5 Self-Concept Scale and a self-developed sociodemographic form. The main results indicate that in the study population, the academic, social, emotional, familiar and physical dimensions of self-concept are located in a low percentage, which demands psychoeducational intervention and training competencies as an indicator of well-being of future professionals. Among the significant data, it is indicated that the family self-concept was the predominant one, while the emotional self- concept was the lowest. In relation to the sociodemographic variables sex, age and cycle, the pattern remains the same
Autoestima en mujeres víctimas de violencia psicológica en relación de pareja que pertenecen al Programa Municipal Casa de la Mujer, en el periodo 2022- 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-16) Deleg Pucha, Kelly Vanessa; Perea Beltrán, Antonio Sebastián; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
Intimate partner violence against women is a public health problem that generates psychological damage that affects self-esteem. Low self-esteem has repercussions in that the victim feels inferior, weak and incompetent; however, there are several factors that can affect self-esteem both positively and negatively. The general objective of this research was to describe the levels of self-esteem according to sociodemographic variables in women victims of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships who attend the Municipal Women's House Program of Cuenca in the period October 2022-February 2023. The study had a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach. We worked with a population of 40 women victims of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships. The instruments applied were the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a sociodemographic form. The results obtained indicate that 57.5% of the women victims of psychological violence who participated in the program have low levels of self-esteem. In addition, it was observed that women in middle adulthood, with primary education, single and married, living with a partner, working informally and in a low socioeconomic position also had low levels of self-esteem. Finally, the study highlighted that women who have been in the program longer have higher levels of self-esteem compared to those who have been in the program for less time. In conclusion, the study findings indicate that women who are victims of psychological violence in their intimate partner relationships tend to have low self-esteem, which appears to be a direct result of the psychological violence they have experienced as well as other contextual and personal factors.
Autoestima y Centro Especializado en el Tratamiento de Adicciones Voluntad y Fortaleza de Cuenca en el periodo 2022 – 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-25) Aguaiza Baño, Andrea Maricela; Añazco Paladines, Juliana Pauleth; Pernas Álvarez, Isis Angélica
Self-esteem and resilience are little-studied variables in adult patients who present a problematic alcohol use and other substances as well. Studies both nationally and internationally show that users tend to have average to medium-low self-esteem and resilience. Although the two variables have been studied separately, this research aims to provide information on both variables together. Therefore, the objective is to describe the levels of self-esteem and resilience according to the age and type of substance consumed by the users of the Specialized Addiction Treatment Center “Voluntad y Fortaleza” in Cuenca in the time-period 2022-2023. The study has a quantitative approach, type of non-experimental, cross-sectional design and descriptive scope. We worked with a population of 34 inmates with substance use disorder. The applied instruments were the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale adapted to Spanish by Novella, the Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale and a sociodemographic file made by the authors. The obtained results were high levels of self-esteem, with a predominance of the positive dimension and the substance of alcohol consumption in early and middle adulthood. Regarding resilience, high levels are evident in early adulthood and medium levels in middle adulthood. Personal satisfaction and perseverance dimensions predominate.
Bienestar Psicológico de los docentes de Educación Básica de dos Unidades Educativas del Cantón Cuenca 2023 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-23) Bermeo Jiménez, Karla Priscila; Coronel Segovia, Adriana Marcela; Cabrera Vélez, María Marcela
Psychological well-being is a fundamental construct in the lives of people at a personal and social level since it allows the achievement of goals that generate satisfaction with oneself, so it maintains a close relationship with the work of the teacher since it has a crucial influence on their ability to build knowledge and promote skills for students and the educational community. In this sense, the present research described the psychological well-being of elementary teachers of the Educational Unit San Roque and the Educational Unit San Francisco of the canton Cuenca, 2023 - 2024. The study had a quantitative approach, a type of non-experimental, cross-sectional design with descriptive scope. It worked with a population of 30 teachers from the above institutions. The instrument applied was the PERMA profile scale of Butler and Kern (2016), adapted to the Ecuadorian context. The results indicated a high psychological well-being among teachers in both educational units; however, notable differences were observed between teachers in the San Francisco and San Roque Educational Units, where the former showed superior scores in all dimensions evaluated. In addition, younger teachers, with fewer years of seniority, women, and couples present higher levels of psychological well-being than their counterparts. To conclude, teachers show a positive perception of well-being, whereas socio-demographic and labor characteristics show importance.
Calidad de sueño de los estudiantes de décimo de educación general básica en la Unidad Educativa Particular Nuestra Familia durante el periodo académico 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-20) Yance Chérrez, Verónica Michelle; Dominguez Sacta, Rosa Elisabeth; Delgado Quezada, Tania Lorena
Sleep quality is essential for the well-being and overall health of adolescents, as it influences their physical, mental, and emotional development, as well as their academic performance and long-term physical health. In this context, the objective of this study focused on describing the sleep quality of tenth-grade students of basic general education at the Unidad Educativa Particular “Nuestra Familia” during the 2024-2025 academic period. Due to the small size of the population, the study worked with all the students, who are approximately 40. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. For this purpose, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate various aspects of sleep. In addition, sociodemographic data such as gender, age, bedtime and wake-up time (on school days and weekends), and screen time were collected. The information collected was statistically analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program. The results obtained indicate that 66% of the students had good sleep quality, with differences according to age and gender, highlighting better quality in men and adolescents aged 14 years. Going to bed early and limiting the use of screens (5-15 hours per week) will promote rest, while late hours and greater exposure to devices had a negative impact. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits.
Calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios foráneos de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo septiembre 2023 -febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-20) Castillo Cambisaca, Melany Monserrath; Arias Medina, William Paúl
The students in internal mobility situations, also known as “foreign” students, face various challenges that can impact their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the overall perception of the quality of life of foreign university students, with specific objectives to describe the different dimensions of quality of life (physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environment), differentiate the perception of quality of life based on sociodemographic and academic variables. The research was conducted with a quantitative descriptive approach, using a sample of 75 students. Data collection was carried out through the application of a sociodemographic and academic questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The results reveal that the majority of students perceive their quality of life as "normal" and "regular." Regarding dimensions, the social relationships dimension stands out compared to others. By gender, a higher percentage of males consider it "normal" compared to females. Students living alone show a quality of life ranging from "regular" to very poor. On the other hand, students who lack sufficient resources for their monthly expenses perceive their quality of life as "regular." In the academic context, students expressing "dissatisfaction" and "very dissatisfaction" perceive their quality of life as "regular".
Calidad del sueño en estudiantes universitarios de primer, quinto y noveno ciclo de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador durante el periodo septiembre 2024 – febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-18) Escandón Chango, Kevin Ismael; Muñoz Pauta, Marco Antonio
Sleep quality among university students is a determining factor for their comprehensive well-being, academic performance, and physical and mental health, in accordance with the health standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, this study aims to describe sleep quality among first-, fifth-, and ninth-cycle Psychology students at the University of Cuenca (Ecuador). Using a cross-sectional, quantitative, and non-experimental methodology, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument and a sociodemographic data form were administered to 233 participants selected through probabilistic quota sampling. Statistical analysis (SPSS) revealed a significant correlation between academic progression and poor sleep quality, with the 9th cycle showing the highest prevalence of "poor" sleep, associated with intensified academic workloads. Additionally, environmental factors such as noise and inadequate temperature, and physiological factors such as difficulty falling asleep and nocturia, were identified as primary disruptors, exacerbated by late sleep schedules (2-3 a.m.), sleep duration under 5 hours, and recurrent daytime sleepiness. These findings suggest the need to implement institutional policies that promote sleep hygiene, optimize rest environments, and develop strategies tailored to academic cycles, in order to preserve comprehensive health and enhance educational success amid growing demands.
Ciberbullying en los estudiantes de octavo año de Educación Básica Superior de la Escuela de Educación Básica Panamá, periodo 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-21) Lema Guamán, Melina Janneth; Sangurima Gallegos, Nelly Azucena; Ordóñez Ordóñez, Miriam Carlota
The phenomenon of cyberbullying is a psychosocial problem that generates a negative physical, psychological and social impact on both cyber-aggressors and cyber-victims. Our study aimed to describe the presence of cyberbullying in the dimensions of cyberaggression and cybervictimization among 79 students of the eighth year of Higher Basic Education, from the Panama Basic Education School in the city of Cuenca. A quantitative methodology was used, with a descriptive scope, making use of the measurement instrument of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale, which allows identifying the incidence and manifestations of cyberbullying, cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization. There was evidence of 16.5% of students who were victims of cyberbullying, 15.2% of cyberaggressors and 8.9% of victimized cyber-aggressors. In cybervictimization, the main manifestations were denigration, cyber persecution and exclusion; in addition, electronic insults, impersonation and unveiling were less frequent; however, there was no evidence of cyberbullying by delegation. In cyber-aggression, the main manifestations were exclusion, electronic insults, denigration and cyber-persecution. In conclusion, it can be evidenced that there is a minimally higher number of cybervictims compared to cyberaggressors, with characteristic manifestations of each dimension.
Competencias parentales en progenitores de niños de Educación Básica de dos instituciones educativas del cantón Cuenca, periodo 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-26) Cajamarca Sánchez, Miriam Janneth; León Villa, Gina Michelle; Palacios Madero, María Dolores
Parenting competencies are parents' abilities to face various situations of change, whose skills allow them to adapt to the evolutionary and educational needs of their children and guide parental behavior in the education of their progeny. The general objective of this research was to determine the parental skills of children aged 8 to 12 years from two schools in the Cuenca canton. The study has a quantitative research approach of descriptive scope. We worked with 200 parents from two educational institutions in a rural and urban context in the Cuenca canton, the sampling used was non-probabilistic for convenience. The instrument used was the Positive Parenting Scale (E2P v2). The results reveal that parental skills are optimal; however, parental skills are mainly in the risk zone. Both parents show high reflective competencies and low protective competencies; there are no notable variations according to the sex of the parent or the age of the children. Regarding marital status, there are intermediate frequencies in relational competencies and a high reflective competence. In conclusion, it is necessary to strengthen parental skills, especially protective ones, to promote better conditions for the development of children.
Competencias parentales vinculares y formativas para el desarrollo socioafectivo y aprendizaje de niños de 6 a 7 años de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-04) Gordón Saquinaula, Jorge Santiago; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between parental bonding and formative competencies in 471 mothers and fathers with 6 to 7-year-old children attending public and private schools in Cuenca city, Ecuador. The study employed a quantitative, non- experimental, and correlational approach. The positive parenting scale (E20 v.2) was used to measure parental competencies. The results showed a negative correlation between bonding and formative competencies with the age of the participants; as the participants’ age increased, there was a lower presence of parental competencies and vice versa. Mothers had higher scores than fathers, but there were no significant differences in parenting based on gender. The parental practices used by the parents were focused on recognizing emotional situations and environmental care for both boys and girls. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of positive parenting in developing personal and academic abilities in children. Additionally, establishing meaningful bonds and a stimulating environment contributes to the development of healthy behaviors and relationships, as well as fostering academic abilities.

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