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Relación de la sarcopenia y el estado nutricional en los adultos mayores del ¨Centro de Atención del Adulto Mayor¨ de la ciudad de Loja. Loja-Ecuador 2025.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-23) Hualpa Andino, Jemima Salomé; Hoyos Cortez, Vivian Gabriela; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
Introduction: Aging brings challenges such as sarcopenia and changes in nutritional status. At the Center for Elderly Care in Loja, there is a lack of recent studies on the relationship between sarcopenia and nutritional status. Objective: To determine the relationship between sarcopenia and nutritional status in older adults who attend this center in the city of Loja. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study with 191 older adults from the Senior Care Center. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool, and sarcopenia was classified into three grades: pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Results: According to the MNA, 91.1% had normal nutritional status and 8.9% were at risk of malnutrition. Regarding sarcopenia, 42.9% of the population showed pre-sarcopenia, 26.2% sarcopenia, 4.2% severe sarcopenia, while 26.7% did not present this condition. A significant association was found between age and the presence of sarcopenia (p < 0.001) and between nutritional status and area of residence (p = 0.025). Conclusion: There is no statistically significant association between sarcopenia and nutritional status in the population studied. However, a statistically significant association was identified between sarcopenia and advanced age, as well as between the risk of malnutrition and rural residence. The findings underscore the need to design multidisciplinary interventions for the early prevention and management of sarcopenia in this population.
Relación del estado nutricional con la inseguridad alimentaria y estrategias de afrontamiento en adolescentes de un colegio urbano-fiscal y un colegio ruralfiscal de la ciudad de Cuenca 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-20) Calle Pinos, Sofia Alejandra; Loja Arizabala, Johely Mariangel; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Malnutrition is a serious problem in Ecuador that affects adolescents, as does food insecurity, which directly affects access to nutritious and sufficient food, negatively impacting the nutritional status and well-being of adolescents. Recent studies indicate that, in rural and urban areas of Latin America, many adolescents face difficulties in accessing food, leading to malnutrition, overweight, and changes in their eating patterns through various coping strategies (1,2). This study established the relationship between nutritional status, food insecurity, and coping strategies in adolescents aged 16 to 17 years from an urban public school and a rural public school in the city of Cuenca. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between September 2025 and February 2026, with a sample of 255 high school sophomores from two public schools (urban-rural) in Cuenca. Nutritional status was assessed by weight, height, and body mass index, using WHO growth curves. Food insecurity and coping strategies were measured using validated self-administered scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and association tests (chi-square, p < 0.05). A significant relationship between nutritional status and coping strategies was anticipated. The results provided relevant information for designing interventions.
Percepciones de representantes y profesionales terapéuticos sobre el comportamiento alimentario y trastornos gastrointestinales en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en Cuenca, Azuay, 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-20) Guillén Sánchez, Ana Emilia; González González, Yareli Nohelia; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs). These situations can affect their well-being and that of their families, making it necessary to work collaboratively with different professionals to achieve more appropriate care. The general objective is to understand the perceptions and coping strategies of parents and therapists regarding eating behavior and GIDs in children with ASD at the ADACAPIA Association. A qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 12 parents and 3 therapists. Data were collected through a focus group and semi-structured interviews and subsequently analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. The results identified alterations in eating behavior such as food selectivity, sensory sensitivity, and interrupted eating behaviors, among others. Gastrointestinal problems were also observed, particularly constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, and diarrhea; in some cases, these were associated with the consumption of certain foods. These conditions affect not only the child but also their family. Furthermore, professionals mention the need for a specialist in these areas. In conclusion, eating behaviors and gastrointestinal disorders are very common and multifactorial problems within autism; therefore, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve the child's quality of life.
Relación entre la composición corporal, la calidad de la alimentación, el estrés laboral y la actividad física en trabajadores de una empresa en la ciudad de Cuenca, Cuenca - Ecuador 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-18) Toaquiza Guamán, Kevin Patricio; Yupa Tenelema, Sara Nataly; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
Background: Overweight and obesity are public health problems that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, interfering with individual health. In addition, there are possible factors associated with weight gain, such as diet, stress, and physical activity. Objective: To analyze the association between body composition and diet quality, work stress, and physical activity in workers at a company in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. The research was conducted on 150 participants. Questionnaires such as the Diet Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) were used, and sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: 92% of the participants were men, 86% of the population had high body fat, and 65.3% were overweight. Thirty-four percent had high visceral fat. In terms of diet, 73.3% had an unhealthy diet or one that needed changes, and 72% had a high level of physical activity. Significant associations were identified between visceral fat and diet quality; BMI and muscle percentage with work stress (p-value=<0.05). Conclusions: Diet quality is the main factor associated with increased visceral fat; no associations were found between body composition and physical activity.
Efectos del ayuno intermitente en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-11) Illescas Lozano, Nathaly Narcisa; Miño Borja, María Daniela
The first historical records of Diabetes date from around 1500 BC, in which cases of urine with a sweet and sticky taste are described. The discovery of insulin by Edward Albert in 1910 has led to important advances in the treatment of diabetes, including the most commonly used oral medication in the world, metformin (1)(2). However, alternative therapies that replace pharmacological treatment are not yet applied in clinical practice. Therefore, intermittent fasting has been used in recent years, which provides certain benefits in the control of blood sugar, improves the lipid profile, among other.This habit has been practiced for centuries, because, gathering and hunting provided food intermittently and the human body adapted to survive in periods of scarcity, even ancient civilizations, like the Romans, they believed that eating more than one hearty meal a day was unhealthy (3). The Objective is analyze the available evidence about intermittent fasting, and its therapeutic capacity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The aim is to determine if there are possible benefits in improving glucose and weight levels. Methods: A bibliographic review will be carried out in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and Dialnet, in those articles that were published from 2018 until today. Expected results: To know the effects of intermittent fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-25) Narvaez Cedillo, Anabel Alexandra; Sanmartin Sanmartin, Daniela Johanna; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: Evaluation of eating habits and nutritional status of university students is important because it facilitates identification of health risks and prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases, currently alarming due to their prevalence and incidence. Therefore, when a diet is not appropriate, it may cause malnutrition due to a deficiency or excess of nutrients, which in turn causes metabolic alterations and poor academic performance. Objectives: To evaluate eating habits and nutritional status of the University of Cuenca Nutrition and Dietetics major students. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, with the participation of 87 university students majoring in Nutrition and Dietetics. Data collection through a survey featuring eating habits and frequency of food consumption, anthropometric assessment, and bioimpedance. Data was analyzed using IBMSPSS Statistics v15 program and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results were presented in single and double entry graphs and tables. Application of Pearson’s Chi-square for association between variables. Results:26.44% of the participants successfully follow the recommendations with regard to healthy eating habits and 73.56% need to changes their habits. Regarding nutritional status, 55.2% of the participants showed appropriate conditions, 35.6% were overweight, and 9,2% were obese. Relationship between eating habits and nutritional status was then determined. Conclusions: The study shows that the most influential factor in the nutritional status of students is that of eating habits.
Ganancia de peso y su relación con el uso del implante como método anticonceptivo en mujeres de 18 a 49 años de edad que acudieron a consulta ginecológica privada en la ciudad de Cuenca durante el periodo enero 2018 – febrero 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-08) Peralta Albarracín, Jessica Paola; Pesantez Piedra, Melissa; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: At the national level, hormonal contraceptive methods present different percentages of use in the population presenting adverse reactions for the health and nutritional status of patients. Objective: To establish the prevalence of weight gain in women between 18 and 49 years of age and its relationship with the use of implants as a contraceptive method who attended a private gynecological clinic in the city of Cuenca during January 2018 to February 2020. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the relationship of the qualitative variables, using medical records and the matrix of contraceptive methods, using the EPIDAT version 4.2 program. Results: In the statistical analysis it was established that 60.8 out of 100 women with implants gain weight involuntarily as a side effect, 86.18% of women gain from 1 to 9 kg, 71.1% presented weight gain with use for a period greater than one year, 56.88% were overweight at the start of treatment; Through the time of use, the BMI changed, resulting in 55.92% overweight, 17.76% Obesity type 1 and 3.29% Obesity type 2. Conclusion: There is a prevalence of weight gain in women aged 18 to 49 years who use the implant as a contraceptive method during 2018 to 2020, categorizing the population into variables, finding exact data to know percentages such as weight gain and BMI elevation with use of the implant.
Rol de los probióticos en el desarrollo de una microbiota saludable en el tratamiento de la obesidad: revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-26) González Chiriboga, Josselyn Siboney; Tello Zamora, María Laura; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: Obesity is an ever-increasing public health problem with even more significant conditions like diabetes mellitus, heart diseases. Studies indicate that the alteration of the microbiota plays a fundamental role in obesity therefore use of probiotics should be studied to know the role they have on this disease. Objective: This study intends to perform a systematic review of the scientific evidence of probiotics' progress to a healthy microbiota in the management of obesity. Methodology: A Qualitative systematic review was carry out using scientific databases in PubMed, Scopus, and BVS. The search Yielded 2228 articles 6 of them met the inclusion criteria. Results: Our findings suggest that the first article had considerable benefits in the treatment of abdominal adiposity, while in articles 2, 3, and 4, the favorable effect on weight loss, weight maintenance, and the relationship of probiotics involved in the axis intestine-brain is specified. Lastly, in articles 5 and 6 the relationship between probiotics and obesity in pregnant women only one study has benefits. Meanwhile, the other trial reported no significant effects on both weight and control of gestational diabetes. The two studies differ in the term of the supplementation, as well as the amount of probiotic used. Conclusions: The evidence of dietary counseling and probiotic supplementation has an innovative and significant factor to have in mind in treating obesity because this can control central adiposity.
Prevalencia de la ganancia excesiva de peso en mujeres embarazadas de 18 a 45 años de edad de Centro de Salud Carlos Elizalde enero 2017-diciembre 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-02) Guzmán González, Edgar Sebastián; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background:The latest records coming from the Health and Nutrition Survey, Ecuador, register 37.9% and 27.6% of women of childbearing age having overweight and obesity respectively. There is no data on weight gain in pregnancy.Objective:To determine the prevalence of excessive weight gain in pregnant women between 18 and 45 years of age who attended the Carlos Elizalde Health Center in the period of January 2017 -December 2018.Methodology: The research was done under a quantitative approach and it corresponds to the type of retrospective observational research with stratified random probability sampling; It was carried out using the medical records of the pregnant women treated in 2017 -2018 registered in the follow-up matrix for the Obstetric and Neonatal Care, at the Carlos Elizalde Health Center. The medical records were checked, using SPSS and using frequency and percentage charts, to evaluate the relationship with the characteristics of the population.Results:The mean age was 26 years. Of the pregnant women who developed an excessive weight gain: 40.7% lived in an urban area and 28.7% lived in a rural area, 30.3% received basic education, 37.5% are high school degree holders and 56.7% have a third level degree, 26% are from low income, 54.8% middle income and 60% high income, 22.3% started the pregnancy with normal weight, 51.7% with overweight and 52.9% with obesity.Conclusion:The prevalence of excessive weight gain in pregnant women between 18 and 45 years of age who attend the Carlos Elizalde Health Center in the period January 2017 -December 2018 is 37.4%
Influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y hábitos alimentarios en el estado nutricional de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Cuenca, período marzo - julio 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-08) Paredes Guanuche, María José; Guerrón Pérez, Poleth Izabella; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
Background: Socioeconomic factors and eating habits influence the nutritional status of students, altering the quality of the diet. This alteration can be reflected either with a deficit or an excess of nutrients, which leads to an alteration of the metabolism, intervening in the academic performance of the students. Objective: To determine the influence of socioeconomic factors and eating habits on the nutritional status of the students of the Nutrition and Dietetics Degree at the University of Cuenca, March - July 2020. Methodology: A total of 92 students between 18 to 26 years old who studied Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Cuenca was used. The techniques used with the students were: the application of surveys, used to establish their socioeconomic level and to know their eating habits; and anthropometric measurements were also taken to determine their nutritional status. For the analysis of the data, the Microsoft Excel 2013 and EPIDAT 4 version 4.2 programs were used. Results: The normal nutritional status of the students was 69.57% and 30.43% with malnutrition due to excess and deficit. Regarding the socioeconomic level, it was obtained that 43.48% belong to the typical middle class (C +), the rest are divided between the upper class (A), upper middle (B) and lower middle (C-); normal nutritional status prevailed in all the strata. In relation to eating habits, it was obtained that the majority of students need changes in their diet, specifically 72.83%. Conclusions: The factor that has the greatest influence on the nutritional status of students is the eating habits, comparing them with socioeconomic level, since it depends on other factors to affect the nutritional status.
Comportamiento alimentario y actividad física en niños de 3-4 años del municipio.
(2018) Espinoza Coello, Pamela Monserrath; Velásquez Ortíz, María del Carmen; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath
Background: The preschool stage is the starting point in the creation of habits that will be present in the future, so we must observe the places where the behavior of children develops. General Aim: Observe the eating behavior and physical activity in 3-4 year old children of the Municipal Child Development Centers of the city of Cuenca (CDIs). Methodology: A mixed study was carried out, the qualitative inductive part was developed through non-participatory observations to preschoolers and their educators, analyzing their eating behavior and physical activity. 9 interviews were carried out with the kitchen staff of the CDIs to explore the practices that influence the eating behavior and quality of the menu. The descriptive quantitative study was carried out using a validated dietary quality questionnaire. Results: It was observed that children at the table behave according to the interaction of educators who use strategies to consume the preparations. It was observed that preschoolers do not comply with the recommendation of physical activity and have a prolonged sleep time after lunch. In the interviews, it was found that each CDI carries their organization, and they modify the menu according to several reasons, some of which provide benefits and other disadvantages. The quality of the menus according to the COMES questionnaire was acceptable to improvable. Conclutions: Preschoolers consume three meal times in the CDIs. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that influence the eating behavior and physical activity.
Porcentaje de rendimiento, valor nutritivo y costo real de los alimentos de mayor consumo en Cuenca
(1984) Bravo A., Daisy; Bravo C., Sandra; Espin, Magdalena

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