Medicina Veterinaria-Pregrado

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Perfil socioeconómico y productivo de las familias encargadas de la crianza de cuyes en la parroquia rural de Ricaurte del cantón Cuenca, desde una perspectiva de género
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-11) Jarama Quito, Yadira Valeria; Puglla Vacacela, Delia Josefina; Machuca Machuca, Diana Angélica
The present research work proposed to analyze the socioeconomic and productive profile of guinea pig producing families in the rural parish of Ricaurte in Cuenca canton, with a gender approach. The study used an integrated methodology (qualitative, quantitative and participatory). The following techniques were used for data collection: survey, interviews and creative workshop. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques. The main results showed a female predominance, in age ranges from 35 to 54 years old. With primary education and raising improved guinea pigs, fed on cut rye grass and alfalfa, raised in cages. There is limited training (7,5%), technical advice (0,0%) and access to productive credit (0,0%). The most common diseases are tympanism and pediculosis. Marketing is carried out in four ways: fattening guinea pigs on the hoof/month, roasted guinea pigs for sale, slaughtered fattening guinea pigs/month, and breeding guinea pigs/month. The selling price varies according to the mode and marketing channel, with fattening guinea pigs being the most frequent, selling 5,3 guinea pigs per month at an average price of US 9,7 dollars. The main items of production expenses are: food and medicine. In conclusion, the guinea pig production process in the Ricaurte parish was characterized by limited access to credit and advice, a situation that limits the generation of economic resources and the improvement of women's socioeconomic conditions.
Efecto de la proteína recombinante de choque térmico HSPA1A en la crioresistencia de espermatozoides equinos congelados y vitrificados
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-23) Faicán Carrión, Josseline Alejandra; Sigua Cajamarca, Helen Aracely; Galarza Lucero, Diego Andrés
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) act as molecular chaperones that protect cellular integrity under stress conditions, including those generated during cryopreservation. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of recombinant HSPA1A protein on the cryoresistance of equine spermatozoa subjected to conventional freezing and vitrification. In a first experiment, 12 ejaculates from 3 stallions determined that 45 μg/mL of HSPA1A in Botusemen Special® increased total and progressive motility, beat cross frequency (BCF), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) after 72 h at 5 °C compared with the control (p < 0.05). In a second experiment, 15 ejaculates from 3 stallions were diluted in Botusemen Gold® and supplemented with 0 (Control) and 45 μg/mL of HSPA1A (HSPA1A-45) and subjected to conventional freezing (CF) in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapor and vitrified by directly immersing microdroplets (20 μL) of the sample into LN₂. HSPA1A-45 increased total motility and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity after freezing and thawing (p < 0.05), whereas in vitrification it improved ALH, BCF, and membrane integrity (p < 0.05). In addition, HSPA1A protein increased viability, DNA integrity, and the cryoresistance indices for motility and viability after freezing and vitrification (p < 0.05) compared with their respective controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 45 μg/mL of HSPA1A protein in freezing and vitrification media increased sperm kinematics, viability, DNA integrity, and the cryoresistance indices of equine spermatozoa.
Evaluación de la calidad de la leche cruda de pequeños hatos ganaderos de la parroquia Tarqui, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-17) Simbaña Carrasco, Anthony Esteban; Torres Arellano, Karen Nicole; Reinoso García, Lourdes Priscila
The quality of raw milk is a key factor in ensuring its safety, nutritional value, and suitability for industrial processing. In small-scale production systems, milk quality can be affected by deficiencies in milking practices, hygiene, and health management. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of raw milk to determine its quality in small cattle herds in the parish of Tarqui, Ecuador. This study evaluated the quality of raw milk produced in 56 small dairy herds in the Tarqui parish, Azuay, through an observational, descriptive, and prospective analysis based on 112 samples (two sampling rounds). Compositional, microbiological (CFU of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, E. coli/Coliforms, Staphylococcus spp.), and sanitary (somatic cell count) parameters were measured and compared against the requirements of NTE INEN 09:2012 and Interministerial Agreement No. 024 of 2024. The results showed that the physicochemical composition of the milk generally complied with current regulations, with an average fat content of 4.41%, the parameter exhibiting the highest values relative to the minimum required. However, the presence of water was detected in some samples (possibly associated with adulteration or improper handling), along with elevated values of E. coli/Coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., and somatic cell counts, indicating hygienic-sanitary deficiencies and udder health issues in the herds. The milk is of good quality in terms of its composition; however, the microbiological and sanitary deficiencies identified highlight the need to improve milking and hygiene practices to ensure its safety.
Efecto de la L-carnitina suplementada al medio de congelación basado en maltosa y glucosa, sobre la criosupervivencia y fertilidad de espermatozoides de gallo criollo
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Fernández Méndez, Dennis Fabián; Rentería Méndez, Marcia Milena; Galarza Lucero, Diego Andrés
L-carnitine (LC), due to its involvement in mitochondrial energy metabolism and its potential antioxidant action, could reduce oxidative stress and preserve sperm motility, viability, and fertility after cryopreservation. This research evaluated the effect of supplementing the freezing extender with LC on the cryosurvival and fertility of Creole rooster spermatozoa. A total of 96 ejaculates were collected from 12 Creole roosters over eight experimental sessions to form eight pools, each composed of 12 ejaculates, , in order to minimize individual variability among roosters and ensure sufficient sperm volume and concentration for the treatments. Each pool was split into two aliquots, which were diluted with a modified Lake-Ravie extender containing maltose-glucose and 6% dimethylacetamide, supplemented with either 0 mM (Control) or 4 mM LC (LC4), respectively. Sperm samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and, after thawing, sperm kinematics, viability, and fertility were evaluated. Fertility was assessed in two batches of eight hens each. Artificial inseminations were performed every three days, and the eggs obtained after oviposition were evaluated for fertility based on embryonic development or the presence of a blastoderm in the yolk. The results showed that total motility (34.6 ± 1.82 vs. 43.5 ± 3.06%) and sperm viability (42.0 vs. 51.5%) were higher in the LC4 treatment compared with the control (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in fertility were observed between groups (74.9 vs. 75.1%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing the freezing extender with L-carnitine improved sperm motility and viability after cryopreservation; however, it did not significantly increase fertility following artificial insemination.
Comparación entre transferencia de embriones bovinos congelados-descongelados y embriones frescos
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-24) Benavidez Llanos, Samantha Lizbeth; Salazar Torres, Paulina Lisbeth; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
The research was conducted at the private facilities of the Agroembrión laboratory. The objective was to compare the pregnancy rate achieved through the transfer of fresh embryos and frozen-thawed embryos produced in vitro in Holstein recipients. A total of 47 heifers were used and assigned to two treatments: frozen-thawed embryos (T0; n = 16) and fresh embryos (T1; n = 31). All recipients underwent a synchronization protocol established by the laboratory for embryo transfer (ET). On the day of transfer, the diameter of the corpus luteum (CL) was evaluated by ultrasonography, and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined from blood samples collected from the coccygeal vein. The overall mean CL diameter was 21.3 ± 0.74 mm, and the mean P4 concentration was 11.3 ± 1.05 ng/mL. The overall pregnancy rate was 46.8%. When evaluating the pregnancy rate of animals receiving frozen embryos, a rate of 43.8% was observed (T0), compared with 48.4% in T1, with no significant differences (P > 0.05). When analyzing all recipients regardless of the type of embryo transferred, corpus luteum diameter and serum progesterone concentration were higher in pregnant animals than in non-pregnant animals (P < 0.05). In frozen-thawed embryo recipients, only P4 showed an association with pregnancy, whereas in fresh embryo recipients, both CL diameter and P4 were associated with pregnancy establishment. Additionally, the ease of cervical passage and deeper embryo deposition within the uterine horn were related to higher pregnancy rates. In conclusion, the transfer of fresh and frozen-thawed embryos resulted in similar pregnancy rates, while serum progesterone and corpus luteum size were the physiological variables associated with pregnancy establishment.
Estudio retrospectivo de Leucemia viral felina e Inmunodeficiencia felina en gatos domésticos atendidos en clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Cuenca durante el período 2023 – 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-24) Orellana Domínguez, Vivian Milena; Solis Aguirre, Anabel Selena; Picón Saavedra, Marco Antonio
Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) and Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are two Retroviral infections of major clinical importance in feline medicine due to their detrimental effects on the immune system and their impact on the life expectancy of infected cats. Given the limited availability of up-to-date epidemiological data for Cuenca, Ecuador, this study aimed to determine the positivity rate and to describe the epidemiological patterns of both infections in cats treated at veterinary clinics in the city between 2023 and 2025. A retrospective, observational, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted through the review of 597 clinical records obtained from four veterinary clinics. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to assess the association between epidemiological variables and viral positivity, adopting a 95% confidence level.The results revealed a positivity rate of 23.7% for FeLV (46/194) and 6.3% for FIV (8/126), with an additional seven cases of coinfection. The only factor significantly associated with FeLV infection was the absence of vaccination (p < 0.001; OR = 4.47), indicating that unvaccinated cats were 4.47 times more likely to become infected than vaccinated animals. The FeLV positivity rate observed in this study exceeded the levels reported in several European countries but was comparable to findings from other Latin American regions with low vaccination coverage. These findings suggest that FeLV is circulating more extensively than FIV within the population studied. Because vaccination remains the primary preventive strategy, strengthening immunization campaigns and implementing routine diagnostic testing are essential measures to reduce underdiagnosis and limit the asymptomatic spread of both Retroviruses.
Identificación de bovinos seropositivos a Brucelosis en el centro de faenamiento municipal del cantón Cuenca, Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-23) Andrade Paredes, Nathaly Domenica; Villa Chiqui, Dayanna Marisol; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a high economic and health impact. This study aimed to identify cattle that tested positive for Brucella spp. at the municipal slaughterhouse in the Cuenca canton, Azuay province. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 391 blood samples were collected from pre-slaughter cattle from various cantons in the southern region and the Amazon. Diagnosis was carried out using the Rose Bengal screening test. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 3.6 % (14/391). When analyzing the epidemiological variables, adult animals had a higher positivity rate (4 %) compared to young animals (3 %), while females recorded 4 % versus 2 % in males. Geographically, although the Cuenca canton had the highest absolute number of cases (n = 4), places like Azogues and Nabón showed a higher relative concentration of reactors. It is concluded that there is active circulation of the pathogen in the herds that supply the slaughterhouse, which confirms the importance of slaughter centers as strategic epidemiological surveillance units.
Influencia de la L-carnitina suplementada a un diluyente basado en maltosa y glucosa sobre la viabilidad y fertilidad de espermatozoides de gallo almacenados a 5 oC
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-23) Bravo Cuzco, Nayeli Pamela; Chávez Reinoso, Joseline Milena; Galarza Lucero, Diego Andrés
L-carnitine (LC) is a biologically active compound that plays a role in the transport of longchain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation, thereby contributing to the production of ATP necessary for sperm motility and energy metabolism. This study evaluated the effect of LC supplementation in a modified Lake-Ravie (L-Rmod) diluent containing glucose and maltose on sperm quality and the fertility of Creole rooster semen refrigerated for 48 hours at 5 °C. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, 96 ejaculates from 12 roosters, collected during eight sessions, were used to determine the optimal LC concentration. Supplementation with 4 mM L-carnitine showed the best performance among the concentrations evaluated (0, 2, 6, 8, and 10 mM), yielding higher values for some sperm kinematic parameters—such as motility, velocities, and progression—both at 0 h and after 48 h of refrigeration. In the second experiment, the effect of 4 mM LC (LC4) on the kinematics, viability, and fertility of refrigerated semen was evaluated. To this end, 96 ejaculates were collected from the same 12 roosters over eight sessions, and eight pools were formed, each consisting of 12 ejaculates, with the aim of reducing the effect of individual variability among the breeding roosters on the assessed semen quality. The fertility of the LC4 and control groups was evaluated by artificial insemination of hens during eight experimental sessions, corresponding to eight semen pools per treatment. Although no significant differences were observed between treatments (P > 0.05), the LC4 group showed numerically higher values for total motility (89.6 ± 2.82%), sperm viability (92.42%), and fertility (88.7%) compared to the control group (78.3 ± 5.90%, 84.2%, and 80.3%, respectively). In conclusion, 4 mM of LC improved the kinematic quality of Creole rooster semen refrigerated for 48 h; however, it did not significantly increase viability or fertility.
Evaluación comparativa de los efectos anestésicos de ketamina y xilacina administradas por distintas vías, durante orquiectomías en cobayos
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-16) Cajilima Parra, Jorge Luis; Guzmán Machuca, Jorge Luis; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía
This study evaluated and compared the effects of the ketamine-xylazine (KX) anesthetic protocol administered intravenously (T1) and intramuscularly (T2) in guinea pigs undergoing orchiectomy. Physiological and metabolic parameters were analyzed during the preoperative (P), operative (Q1–Q3), and postoperative (Pq1–Pq3) phases; heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (T°), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), serum glucose (GLU), mucosal color (MC), capillary refill time (CRT), and the times to anesthetic induction and recovery. The study included 16 guinea pigs with an average weight of 1421.8 ± 234.4 g and a body condition score of 3/5. The results showed that HR remained stable throughout the procedure in both treatment groups, indicating adequate cardiovascular stability. On the other hand, respiratory rate (RR) decreased progressively from the preoperative phase through recovery, while body temperature showed a moderate decrease during the anesthetic period in both groups. Serum glucose concentration increased gradually throughout the procedure, reaching similar values at the end of monitoring. SpO₂ remained within acceptable ranges and showed stability during the different phases evaluated. Likewise, mucosal color remained between pink and pale pink, and TLLC remained within normal physiological parameters (≤ 2 seconds), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the ketamine-xylazine anesthetic protocol, administered either intravenously or intramuscularly, provided adequate cardiorespiratory and metabolic stability during orchiectomies, supporting the clinical feasibility of both routes of administration for anesthetic induction and maintenance in guinea pigs.
Efecto de dos protocolos anestésicos en las constantes fisiológicas, concentraciones de glucosa y cortisol en cobayos sometidos a orquiectomía
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Martínez Loaiza, Mónica Alexandra; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía
This study evaluated the efficacy of two intravenous anesthetic protocols for orchiectomy in 18 guinea pigs: dexmedetomidine–midazolam–fentanyl (DMF) and ketamine–xylazine (KX). The following physiological and metabolic parameters were assessed: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), serum glucose (GLU), cortisol, mucous membrane color (MMC), capillary refill time (CRT), as well as sedation onset and recovery times. HR remained stable during the surgical phase, ranging from 142.75–150.25 bpm for DMF and 171.38–189.00 bpm for KX; however, during the first postoperative period it increased to 187.88 bpm in the DMF group and decreased to 159.50 bpm in the KX group. RR decreased after anesthetic induction, from 136.00 to 73.25 breaths/min in the DMF group and from 135.00 to 74.13 breaths/min in the KX group. BT decreased from 37.44–37.50 °C to 35.00–35.46 °C during the first postoperative period, with partial recovery thereafter. SpO₂ reached its lowest values during surgery (68.38% in DMF and 78.00% in KX) and increased to 90.13% and 93.75%, respectively, by the end of recovery. GLU increased from 104.88 to 151.00 mg/dL in the DMF group and from 133.25 to 169.13 mg/dL in the KX group. MMC and CRT remained within physiological limits, whereas cortisol concentrations were similar between the preoperative and postoperative periods. DMF produced a faster onset of sedation, whereas KX resulted in a shorter recovery time. In conclusion, both intravenous anesthetic protocols provided adequate and safe anesthetic maintenance for guinea pig orchiectomy, preserving the stability of the main physiological and metabolic parameters throughout the surgical procedure.
Influencia del ciclo lunar sobre las características productivas y la morfometría de los órganos gastrointestinales en pollos de engorde inmunizados contra los virus de Newcastle y Hepatitis
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Farinango Lliguicota, Paola Cristina; Orellana Navarrete, Andrés Sebastián; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on productive performance, digestive organ morphometry, and intestinal histomorphology in Cobb 500 broiler chickens immunized against Newcastle disease and hepatitis viruses. A total of 240 broilers were allocated to four groups according to the lunar phase at the beginning of the rearing period: new moon (NM), first quarter (FQ), full moon (FM), and last quarter (LQ). Each lunar phase included vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds. Weekly growth, final body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestive organ morphometry, and intestinal histomorphology were evaluated. Lunar phase significantly affected growth performance, feed intake, FCR, and several morphological traits of the digestive tract. Birds assigned to the last quarter phase showed the highest final body weight, average daily gain, and cumulative feed intake. In contrast, the best FCR was observed during the new moon, whereas the poorest FCR occurred during the full moon. Lunar phase also influenced the weight and somatic indices of the proventriculus, gizzard, ceca, and colon, as well as intestinal length. Histomorphological evaluation revealed longer intestinal villi and more favorable morphometric relationships in birds from the new moon and first quarter phases, whereas the lowest values were recorded during the full moon. In conclusion, the lunar cycle was associated with variations in growth performance, feed efficiency, and gastrointestinal structure in broiler chickens. These findings provide the first evidence linking lunar phases with gastrointestinal development in broilers and suggest a potential role of lunar-associated biological rhythms in avian physiology.
Modelo tecnológico para la gestión sostenible del venado de cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) en sistemas ganaderos mixtos
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Álvarez Palacios, Doménica; Irua Bravo, Doménica Zywanoska; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino
The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a native ungulate species widely distributed across the American continent, which faces conservation challenges in productive systems such as mixed livestock farming. The Irquis Experimental Farm, located in Cuenca, Azuay, represents a strategic area for studying the coexistence between this species and agricultural activities. The objective is to propose a technological and participatory model for the sustainable management of the white-tailed deer through population monitoring using camera traps, community perceptions, and direct observation supported by a photographic tourism system. The methodology to be applied will follow a mixed exploratory-descriptive approach, through which 12 camera traps will be installed at different strategic points, complemented by direct observation and the application of 30 surveys addressed to local residents and workers in the area. The analysis of the information will make it possible to estimate the abundance, distribution, and activity patterns of the species, as well as to identify threats and opportunities from the community perspective. Based on the results, a proposal for a photographic tourism system will be developed as an alternative for the non-extractive use of wildlife. This research seeks to contribute to the conservation of the white-tailed deer within an Andean productive landscape. In addition, it aims to generate technical and social guidelines that may be replicated in other similar landscapes throughout Ecuador.
Influencia del ciclo lunar en la eficacia vacunal contra la enfermedad de Newcastle en pollos parrilleros
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-19) Collaguazo Tacuri, Katherine Tatiana; Paguay Tacuri, Oscar Mauricio; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on immunological and neuroendocrine parameters associated with vaccination against Newcastle disease in broiler chickens. For this purpose, spleen and Bursa of Fabricius weights, as well as the gene expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and beta-actin were analyzed. Cobb 500 broiler chickens were distributed in a 4 × 2 factorial design, consisting of four lunar phases (new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter) and two vaccination conditions (vaccinated and unvaccinated) against Newcastle disease virus. Birds were vaccinated at two days of age and revaccinated during the fourth week, coinciding with the same lunar phase. At six weeks of age, the birds were euthanized for sample collection. Organ weights were recorded, and gene expression was determined by qPCR. The results showed that the lunar phase significantly influenced spleen weight and the spleen somatic index, with the lowest values observed during the new moon. In addition, the expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) showed a significant interaction between lunar phase and vaccination, whereas interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) showed no significant differences. The results suggest a possible association between lunar phases and specific components of the immunological and neuroendocrine response in broiler chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus.
Estimación de la seropositividad de Brucella spp en caninos esterilizados en 4 parroquias rurales de la provincia Azuay, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Cepeda Chimbolema, Giselle Nayeli; Hugo Salinas, Nayeli Paola; Moscoso Moscoso, Carlos Oswaldo
Brucellosis is a disease of great zoonotic significance due to its high potential for transmission to humans. This disease is caused by the bacterium Brucella spp., which consists of Gram-negative coccobacilli characterized by their ability to remain viable in the environment. There are several species, including B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis, which affect cattle, goats, and pigs. However, these Brucella species can infect dogs through contact with bodily fluids, consumption of infected animal-based food, exposure to aborted fetuses, and contact with livestock, with dogs serving as accidental hosts. This disease causes lethargy, lymphadenopathy, and reproductive tract problems such as abortion and metritis; in males, it can cause orchitis and epididymitis, among other conditions. This study aims to demonstrate Brucella spp. seropositivity in dogs that participated in sterilization campaigns in rural parishes of the Cuenca canton, where the competitive ELISA technique was used on 167 samples, of which 12 (7 %) tested positive for the presence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies, to demonstrate that the dogs were exposed to the bacteria, the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed, revealing that the estimated percentage could be as high as 10 % or more, based on the 95 % confidence interval.
Efecto del ciclo lunar en valores hematológicos y anticuerpos en pollos broiler vacunados contra Newcastle
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Bustos Sumba, Paola Fernanda; Ortiz Vivar, Mike Andrés; Méndez Álvarez, María Silvana
Currently, several studies suggest that biological rhythms and the lunar cycle influence physiological and immunological processes in animals; however, given the limited information available on commercial poultry, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on hematological parameters, serum proteins, and antibody concentration in broiler chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. For this purpose, 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used, distributed among four lunar phases (new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter), divided into vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, with their respective replicates. Antibody titers were determined by competitive ELISA, serum proteins by automated dry chemistry, and the leukocyte profile by cell counting and blood smears, with data analyzed using linear and mixed models with SAS. The results demonstrated a significant effect of the lunar cycle. In vaccinated birds, antibody concentration was influenced by lunar phase (P = 0.0075), showing a progressive increase from new moon to full moon, with a significant linear trend (P = 0.0024). Leukocyte counts were affected by both vaccination (P = 0.0102) and lunar phase (P < 0.0001), with the highest values recorded during the first quarter and full moon phases; furthermore, the albumin-to-globulin ratio was significantly influenced by lunar phase and its interaction with treatment (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the lunar cycle significantly influenced the immune response and specific hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease.
Efecto de la inclusión del propilenglicol sobre la cetosis subclínica y parámetros productivos en vacas lecheras en pastoreo durante el periparto
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-17) Bautista Morocho, Karla del Cisne; Quiridumbay Chillogallo, Jhoel Fernando; Castro Jerez, Gonzalo
Subclinical ketosis is one of the most frequently metabolic disease in milky cows during the transition period or peripartum. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the propylene glycol (PG) inclusion during the peripartum period on the incidence of subclinical ketosis and the productive parameters in dairy cows managed with rotational grazing. For this, 32 Holstein crossbreeds’ cows, including primiparous and multiparous, were used, distributed in two different farms with a randomized block design (RBD). In each farm, the cows were distributed aleatory in two treatments, T0 or control (n = 16) and T1 propylene glycol (n = 16). The T1 cows received 250 ml/cow/day of propylene glycol (PG) orally 10 days before the birth until 10 days after the birth. The T0 cows didn’t receive supplementation. All cows in the study underwent five blood BHB level tests with the BHB check plus meter, those exams started at day 10 antepartum and ended at day 21 postpartum. The BHB level in milk using the Milk Ketone Test strips was determinated weekly, as well as the parameters of milk quality and body condition (BC) to all cows in the study. Blood BHB, milk BHB and body condition variables show statistical differences (P<0.1) between the treatments. The somatic cells, total solids, milk fat, milk protein, lactose, density and production variables didn’t show statistical differences (P>0.1).
Evaluación de dietas base rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) y forraje verde hidropónico de avena (Avena sativa) para alimentación de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en engorde
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-17) Belduma Merchán, Lizbeth Alexandra; Lliguin Deleg, Mayra Gabriela; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
This project evaluates the effect of different levels of substitution of Rye grass with Hydroponic green forage fodder (HGF) of oats in the feeding of fattening phase guinea pigs, to analyze the impact on productive performance and economic viability, carried out in the Zhucay sector, Cuenca. Through preliminary analysis, problems were identified in the conventional forage supply due to scarcity caused by climatic factors and limited agricultural area. As an alternative, oat HGF offers advantages due to its high nutritional quality, with water consumption and rapid production. A completely randomized design was used with 60 male guinea pigs, divided into 5 diets and 4 repetitions, respectively, in the Control Diet, Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3, Diet 4. They were fed (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of oat HGF) + (100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% of rye grass) over a period of 11 weeks. The assumptions were verified with Shapiro-Wilk an Levene tests, applying Anova and Turkey. The bromatological analysis showed that HGF increased feed intake and zootechnical performance. Diet 1 was the most efficient, with the highest weight gain (9,33 g) an optimal feed conversion ratio of 6,30, greater carcass yield, and the best economic profitability, with a cost-benefit ratio of USD 1,42. In contrast, Diets 2, 3, and 4 were less efficient. The least favorable result was the control diet, due to its low weight gain of 5,25 g from insufficient intake, and an ineffective feed conversion ratio of 9.92. Based on the results, it is concluded that a balanced mixture with 25% oat HGF optimizes zootechnical and financial parameters in the fattening of guinea pigs.
Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en terneros de la parroquia Octavio Cordero Palacios, provincia del Azuay del Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-17) Cañar Puma, Joseline Paola; Loja Arpi, Tania Valeria; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo
The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence and genera of gastrointestinal parasites in calves from the Octavio Cordero Palacios parish. For the study, 190 fecal samples collected from the rectum were analyzed using flotation and sedimentation coproparasitological tests. An overall prevalence of parasitic infection of 85.8% was determined. The genera identified were Eimeria spp. (59.5%), followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (51.6%), Strongyloides spp. (14.7%), Ostertagia spp. (11.6%), Trichuris spp. (10.5%), Cooperia spp. (8.9%), Toxocara spp. (7.9%), and Fasciola spp. (1.1%). Regarding risk factors, age showed a statistically significant association with the presence of parasitic infection, with a higher prevalence observed in calves older than 2 to 4 months. Similarly, the type of feed showed a statistically significant association, with a lower prevalence in animals fed only milk and a higher prevalence in those whose diets included pasture. Regarding risk factors specific to each genus, Trichostrongylus spp. showed a higher prevalence in calves older than 4 to 6 months and those who drank water from rivers and streams. For Ostertagia spp., a lower prevalence was observed in calves consuming milk compared to weaned calves. For Trichuris spp., a higher prevalence was observed in calves aged 0 to 2 months, in those consuming only milk, and in unweaned calves. For Cooperia spp., a higher prevalence and risk were found in native breeds; similarly, weaned animals are more likely to be infected than unweaned ones.
Efecto de la inclusión de harina de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) en dietas con diferentes relaciones energía/proteína sobre el rendimiento productivo de cuyes en fase de engorde
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-22) Pérez Cáceres, Jenny Estefania; León Baculima, Tatiana Gabriela; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
Guinea pig farming in Ecuador is an important economic activity in the rural communities of Azuay, Tungurahua, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, and Chimborazo. The use of alternative protein sources in their feed reduces dependence on traditional proteins such as soy. Black Soldier Fly Larva Meal (HLMSN) is a viable option due to its high protein and fat content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal on the productive performance of fattening guinea pigs. Sixty-four weaned male crossbred guinea pigs (2 to 3 weeks of age) weighing between 342.88 g and 392.50 g were used and randomly assigned to four treatments with four replicates. Traditional protein sources were partially replaced with HLMSN; The diets included the following percentages of HLMSN: T0 (0%), T1 (10%), T2 (15%), and T3 (20%) for the growth and fattening stages. Daily feed intake and waste were recorded, and live weight was measured weekly. The parameters evaluated were weight gain, feed conversion, and economic merit. The results showed that the partial inclusion of HLMSN increases dry matter intake (DMI), energy, and protein intake, but there were no statistically significant differences in weight gain; however, its use is limited by the high production costs of this feed. In short, the findings show that HLMSN is a sustainable and productionally viable alternative; however, it faces an economic constraint, as production costs exceed economic benefits.
Seroprevalencia de Leptospirosis en hatos lecheros en el cantón Sevilla de Oro, provincia del Azuay, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-07-17) Cabrera Valdiviezo, Daniela Abigail; Velecela Yaguarshungo, Johanna Michelle; Ramónez Cárdenas, Juan Carlos
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is distributed worldwide that affects both domestic animals and wildlife, posing a threat to public health. Leptospirosis has a variable seroprevalence, which has caused significant economic losses regarding cattle raising. This research aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Leptospirosis and identify the potential risk factors associated with its presence in the bovine population from Sevilla de Oro Canton in the Azuay province. A cross-sectional observational study with 369 bovines was conducted. As part of the procedure, blood samples were collected in the parishes of Sevilla de Oro, Palmas and Amaluza, located in the southern highlands of Azuay Province, Ecuador. Additionally, a survey was administered to collection data on production and sanitary aspects. To detect antibodies against Leptospira spp. a Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was carried out. Data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics (bivariate analysis using Pearson’s Chi-square test) to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The results showed a general seroprevalence of 25,75 %, with the Palmas parish presenting the highest seropositivity (32 %), followed by the Amaluza parish (25,74 %), and lastly by Sevilla de Oro (17,80 %). Furthermore, the serovars associated with bovine leptospirosis in the canton were Hardjo (5,69 %), Pomona (2,44 %), Wolffi (1,63 %), Grippotyphosa (0,27 %) and Sejroe (0,27 %). Thus, the presence of the disease under study is evidenced, representing a significant sanitation issue due to reproductive and productive conditions in cattle. Strengthening prevention and control measures through epidemiological surveillance is recommended.

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