Medicina Veterinaria-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/326

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Perfil socioeconómico y productivo de las familias encargadas de la crianza de cuyes en la parroquia rural de Ricaurte del cantón Cuenca, desde una perspectiva de género
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-11) Jarama Quito, Yadira Valeria; Puglla Vacacela, Delia Josefina; Machuca Machuca, Diana Angélica
The present research work proposed to analyze the socioeconomic and productive profile of guinea pig producing families in the rural parish of Ricaurte in Cuenca canton, with a gender approach. The study used an integrated methodology (qualitative, quantitative and participatory). The following techniques were used for data collection: survey, interviews and creative workshop. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques. The main results showed a female predominance, in age ranges from 35 to 54 years old. With primary education and raising improved guinea pigs, fed on cut rye grass and alfalfa, raised in cages. There is limited training (7,5%), technical advice (0,0%) and access to productive credit (0,0%). The most common diseases are tympanism and pediculosis. Marketing is carried out in four ways: fattening guinea pigs on the hoof/month, roasted guinea pigs for sale, slaughtered fattening guinea pigs/month, and breeding guinea pigs/month. The selling price varies according to the mode and marketing channel, with fattening guinea pigs being the most frequent, selling 5,3 guinea pigs per month at an average price of US 9,7 dollars. The main items of production expenses are: food and medicine. In conclusion, the guinea pig production process in the Ricaurte parish was characterized by limited access to credit and advice, a situation that limits the generation of economic resources and the improvement of women's socioeconomic conditions.
Generación de moléculas derivadas de anticuerpos de IgY (Gallus gallus domesticus) para la detección antigénica del Protoparvovirus carnivoro 1
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Castro Quezada, Carlos Guillermo; Salinas Ordoñez, Anahil Nayely; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), a subspecies of carnivore protoparvovirus 1, is one of the main causes of viral gastroenteritis in dogs, generating high morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to design, express, and validate recombinant proteins based on IgY antibody fragments derived from Gallus gallus domesticus, specifically αVP2scFv and its mimetic variant αVP2scFvM, aimed at the antigenic detection of CPV-2.The genetic constructs were designed in silico and cloned into expression vectors pET28-SP-MCS-APEc and pET15- MCS-PoBP, which incorporated polystyrene-binding peptides (PoBP) and alkaline phosphatase (APEc) as adhesion domains and colorimetric signal generation. The recombinant proteins were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Functional validation was performed using immunoenzymatic assays, capture ELISA, and Dot blot, using antigenic extracts of VP2, commercial vaccines, and biological samples, demonstrating specific antigen recognition and detectable enzymatic activity in the dot blot. The results showed that the recombinant proteins developed constitute a viable platform for the antigenic diagnosis of CPV-2 in the veterinary field.
Diagnóstico de injuria renal temprana mediante la relación, albúmina- creatinina y densidad urinaria en perros prehipertensos mayores a 7 años de edad
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-18) Cárdenas Gavilanes, Vanessa Simoné; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco
The objective of the present study was to evaluate early renal injury through the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine specific gravity (USG) in prehypertensive dogs over 7 years of age at the CLINICAN Veterinary Specialty Clinic in the city of Cuenca. This research was designed as a cross-sectional and correlational study, with a sample of 10 dogs, including 5 prehypertensive and 5 normotensive animals. The study aimed to demonstrate that a prehypertensive patient presenting an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) > 19 mg/g and/or urine specific gravity (USG) < 1.025 during early evaluation is indicative of the onset of renal injury. Urine samples were obtained by cystocentesis and analyzed to determine USG and ACR in both groups. The degree of association between variables was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient for normally distributed data and Spearman’s correlation coefficient for non-parametric distributions. In the Pearson correlation analysis between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ACR, a value of 0.697 was observed at a significance level of 0.05, indicating a strong and statistically significant positive correlation. In contrast, non-parametric analyses showed no significant associations between SBP and age, body weight, or USG (p > 0.05). Likewise, the relationship between ACR and USG showed a weak and non-significant negative correlation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that ACR represents a sensitive and early biomarker of renal injury in prehypertensive dogs, whereas USG did not demonstrate significant predictive value. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the need to implement early renal function assessments in dogs.
Influencia hemodinámica de la xilacina y dexmedetomidina en perros sometidos a orquiectomías
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Narváez Carangui, Lissbeth Katherine; Quizhpi Buestan, Micaela Abigail; Solano León, María Katherine
Anesthetic safety in veterinary medicine depends on maintaining the anesthetic triad: hypnosis, pain relief (analgesia), and muscle relaxation. While alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are widely used in premedication for their strong sedative and pain-relieving effects, their impact on blood flow stability (hemodynamics) requires careful monitoring. This experimental study took place at the Veterinary Teaching Clinic of the University of Cuenca. The goal was to evaluate the physical changes caused by two drugs from this family. A random sample of 40 dogs (n = 40) scheduled for orchiectomy (neutering) was selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) received premedication with xylazine, while Group 2 (G2) received dexmedetomidine. The protocol includes continuous monitoring of vital signs: heart rate, breathing rate, capillary refill time, and blood pressure. This was done during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p = >0, 05) between the use of xylazine and dexmedetomidine regarding physiological stability in any of the three phases. Additionally, the Pearson correlation test showed that factors like age and weight had a very low negative relationship with the physical results, and this was not statistically significant (p = >0,05). In conclusion, both drugs offer a similar safety profile for maintaining body balance (homeostasis) during orchiectomy in healthy dogs.
Efecto de la suplementación con vitamina C sobre parámetros productivos y grasa corporal en cobayos de engorde
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Criollo Asmal, Karen Emilia; Guarango Guarango, Jhonny Alonso; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
The present research evaluated the impact of dietary vitamin C supplementation on productive parameters and body fat accumulation in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during the fattening stage. The study was conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador, using 80 crossbred guinea pigs from the Peru line, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a control group (T0) without additional vitamin C supplementation, and three increasing levels of pure ascorbic acid: 200 mg/kg (T1), 240 mg/kg (T2), and 280 mg/kg (T3) added to the concentrated diet. The feeding system was mixed, consisting of green forage (ryegrass and alfalfa) and commercial concentrate. The results indicated that supplementation did not produce statistically significant changes in volumetric growth parameters, such as feed intake, total weight gain, final weight, and carcass yield; however, average daily weight gain showed a significant increase with the 280 mg/kg dose regarding the animals' daily growth rate. Similarly, fat deposition increased significantly in visceral and subcutaneous fat, with treatments T1 and T2 showing the highest total fat deposits compared to the control group. These results suggest that ascorbic acid dosages act as a regulator of carcass fat deposits and energy reserves rather than as a primary promoter of total body mass growth.
Frecuencia de patologías oftalmológicas en caninos atendidos en el Centro de Neurología y Oftalmología Veterinaria (CENOV) de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Fajardo Naranjo, Evelyn Tatiana; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ophthalmic pathologies in dogs through the review of clinical records from the CENOV center in Cuenca. A total of 299 medical records of dogs presenting some types of ophthalmic disorder were evaluated. In addition, the relationship of sex, age, breed, and affected eye with the type of pathology presented according to the affected structures (adnexal structures, anterior segment, posterior segment, and complete ocular globe) was studied. The data were entered into a database in Infostat and the analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The results obtained revealed that age and affected eye had an effect on the localization of ocular pathology in dogs (p=0.0013 and p=0.0004). Whereas sex and breed showed no relationship. On the other hand, the most frequent ocular pathologies were Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) (20.74%), Cataracts (13.71%), Corneal Ulcers (13.04%), and Uveitis (6.69%). Finally, it was demonstrated that the anterior segment was the most prevalent region (65,89%), followed by affections of the adnexa (22,41%).
Autovacuna para Staphylococcus aureus como estrategia de control de mastitis subclínica en bovinos
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Chauca Sanpedro, Joseph Pablo; Vizhco Yupangui, Gabriel Leonardo; Maldonado Rivera, Jaime Eduardo
Subclinical bovine mastitis, common in dairy herds, reduces milk quality and volume, causing economic losses; autovaccines are proposed as an alternative control measure. In this study, an autovaccine against Staphylococcus aureus was formulated and administered to cows with subclinical mastitis on the Irquis and Nero farms. The vaccine was obtained from milk samples from animals, which were subjected to isolation, identification, multiplication, and attenuation of the pathogen, and combined with adjuvants. Five cows received three doses over 60 days. The evaluation included the California Mastitis Test (CMT), colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and somatic cell count (SCC). No inhibition halo tests or in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity assays were performed, so the results were limited to cellular and bacteriological parameters in milk. The analyses showed significant differences in cell migration after vaccination, reflected in increased CMT (p=0.026) and SCC (p=0.029) reaction grades, with values above 1,500,000 cells in 60% of cases. The CFU count did not show statistical differences (p=0.118), although reductions were observed in some animals. In conclusion, the autovaccine stimulated the cellular response in the mammary gland and contributed to reducing the bacterial load in individuals. These findings indicate that the autovaccine could be a complementary tool in the control of bovine mastitis, but a larger sample size, longer follow-up, and additional testing are required to consolidate the scientific evidence.
Evaluación del efecto del enriquecimiento ambiental alimentario en la conducta natural de mapaches (Procyon cancrivorus) bajo cuidado profesional
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Chunchi Castillo, Natalia Belén; Quituisaca Chimbo, María Fernanda; Estrella Bermeo, Carlos Adrián
This study analyzed the effect of food enrichment on the behavior of three crab-eating raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus) under professional care at Amaru Biopark (Cuenca, Ecuador). To do this, crustaceans and a water source were incorporated into the enclosure, and the frequency and duration of behaviors were recorded using ethograms and video recordings. Subsequently, the data obtained were evaluated using Pettitt's nonparametric test to determine whether there were significant changes in behavior patterns. The results showed that locomotion increased significantly in individual M1 (p = 0.004) during the enrichment phase, while in M2 (p = 0.062) and M3 (p = 0.065) the increase was not significant. In terms of rest, significant changes were observed in M1 (p = 0.001), but there were no relevant variations in M2 (p = 0.353) and M3 (p = 0.390). There were no marked differences in feeding, exploration, social interaction, and stereotypical behaviors (p ≈ 1). In general, food enrichment generated a temporary increase in locomotor activity and changes in rest periods, especially in individuals most sensitive to the stimulus. It is concluded that this strategy promotes the welfare of racoons and its continuous implementation with variations within management programs under professional care is recommended.
Correlación entre estudios citológicos e histopatológicos en el diagnóstico de masas mamarias en perras de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Vásquez Panjon, Marco Vinicio; Romero Procel, Rachell Alejandra; Loman Zúñiga, Edgar Iván
The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between cytological and histopathological diagnoses of mammary masses in female dogs from the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, as well as to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of cytology and to analyze the influence of clinical and technical variables on this agreement. A prospective observational study was conducted in 26 female dogs with mammary masses, which underwent cytological evaluation by fine-needle aspiration, non-aspiration puncture, or direct imprinting, and histopathological examination obtained through surgical excision or punch biopsy of the same tissue. Diagnoses were classified as benign or malignant lesions. Histopathological analysis revealed that 76.9% of the masses were benign and 23.1% malignant, whereas cytology classified 53.8% as benign and 46.2% as malignant. The diagnostic agreement between the two methods was acceptable (κ = 0.358). The sensitivity and specificity of cytology for the identification of malignant and benign lesions were 83% and 65%, respectively, using histopathology as the reference standard. No statistically significant associations were found between diagnostic agreement and variables such as age, breed, or sample quality (p > 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that cytology is a sensitive and useful diagnostic tool as an initial method for the evaluation of mammary masses in female dogs; however, histopathological examination remains the reference method for definitive diagnosis.
Determinación de la presencia de brucelosis bovina mediante la aplicación simultánea de las pruebas Rosa de Bengala y ELISA Competitivo en bovinos sacrificados en el centro de faenamiento de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Guncay Ramírez, Ana Cristina; Paucar Álvarez, Diana Magali; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Bovine brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a zoonotic disease that causes economic losses and health problems, including abortions, infertility, and reduced milk production. This study aimed to determine the presence of brucellosis infection at the Cuenca slaughterhouse by simultaneously applying indirect diagnostic tests such as Rose Bengal (RB) and competitive ELISA (cELISA). To this end, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted, sampling 390 cattle aged 1 to 10 years from various locations. The animals were primarily adults, with a higher proportion being female. Blood serum samples were evaluated using both diagnostic methods following standardized protocols. The results showed a sensitivity of 34.7% and a specificity of 100% for the RB test, estimated using cELISA as the reference test, thus confirming the latter's greater sensitivity. However, the RB test is useful for screening, although insufficient as a sole diagnostic method. The seroprevalence obtained was 4.4% for RB and 12.6% for cELISA. No significant associations were found between seropositivity and the variables of age, sex, or origin. These findings reflect that bovine brucellosis persists in the region, with the slaughterhouse being a key point for epidemiological surveillance. The results highlight the need to strengthen control programs, improve biosecurity measures, and employ combined diagnostic tests for effective detection, thus contributing to the protection of animal and public health.
Evaluación del método PCR para la detección de material genético de Brucella spp en órganos reproductivos y sangre de perros seropositivos a inmunocromatografía
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Buñay Guaman, Jennyfer Teresa; Mendez Ortiz, Yessenia Estefania; Picón Saavedra, Marco Antonio
Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, mainly the species B. canis, which is of great importance due to its zoonotic nature in public health. Effective and reliable diagnosis is essential for controlling the disease and preventing its transmission in both animals and humans. There are various diagnostic techniques for the detection of Brucella spp., among the most important of which are serological and molecular tests; however, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered one of the most specific and sensitive for the identification of this bacterium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the detection of Brucella spp. using the PCR technique in blood and reproductive organ samples (uterus, testicles, and epididymis) from dogs seropositive for Brucella using the immunochromatography test. A total of 76 samples were analyzed, corresponding to 38 blood samples and 38 tissue samples. The results obtained showed four positive samples by PCR, of which two corresponded to blood and two to tissue. This represents 5,3% of the total number of seropositive dogs. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that both blood and reproductive organ tissue samples are useful for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. by PCR. However, the accuracy of the results depends largely on the proper handling of samples and the application of laboratory protocols in order to avoid erroneous results or incorrect interpretations.
Valoración de Técnicas Coproparasitarias en Bovinos de las Granjas de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Abad Naulaguari, Andrea Michelle; Cabrera Machuca, Sofía Guadalupe; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of four coproparasitological techniques used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites, as well as to determine the influence of rainfall and age on parasite load. The research was conducted on 186 cattle from farms belonging to the University of Cuenca, 99 from Irquis, and 87 from Nero. Two fecal samples were collected per animal during different climatic seasons. The samples were processed in the clinical laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, applying four coproparasitological techniques to each sample (McMaster in saline solution, McMaster in sugar solution, Ritchie, and Beaver). An overall parasite prevalence of 85.5% was obtained. Five parasitic genera were identified: Eimeria, Fasciola, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, and Neoascaris; and the family Trichostrongylidae. Age and rainfall were determined to be risk factors for the presence of moderate and severe parasitic infestations. Regarding the effectiveness of coproparasitological techniques for detecting parasite load, the McMaster technique in saline solution proved superior for Eimeria, while the Beaver technique was superior for the remaining parasites. As for the performance of the techniques in identifying positive cases, the McMaster technique in saline solution again stood out for Eimeria, while the Ritchie and Beaver techniques demonstrated greater effectiveness for Fasciola, Paramphistomum, and Neoascaris. No differences between techniques were found for Trichuris and Trichostrongylidae. Therefore, the use of various coproparasitic techniques increases the effectiveness in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites.
Producción de las proteínas bovinas CLRN3 y SCAMP1 en un modelo de expresión bacteriano basado en Escherichia coli
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Lema Fajardo, Wilson Mauricio; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier
The membrane proteins BovCLRN3 and BovSCAMP1, differentially expressed in bovine “X” and “Y” spermatozoa, respectively, have been recently identified. Despite the limited information available regarding their functionality, both proteins have been proposed as specific antigenic candidates for immunological separation. The production of these proteins in a heterologous system would strengthen this possibility; however, no reports to date describe their recombinant expression in such systems. Based on this background, the present study focused on producing the recombinant proteins BovCLRN3 and BovSCAMP1 from cattle (Bos taurus) for their subsequent evaluation in the development of sperm‑sexing methods as alternatives to flow cytometry. As a result, the recombinant BovSCAMP1 protein was successfully produced using a bacterial expression model with the Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) strain, establishing a reproducible protocol for its production. In contrast, the production of BovCLRN3 could not be achieved, a result that may be associated with technical limitations related to its expression, suggesting the need to optimize expression systems or culture conditions in future research.
Comparación de la respuesta analgésica intra y postoperatoria de la Buprenorfina y Tramadol administrado en dosis única en conejas (Oryctolagus cuniculus) sometidas a ovariohisterectomía
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Ramón Guamán, Ariel Antonio; González Condo, María Paz; Solano León, María Katherine
The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects of Buprenorphine and Tramadol administered as a single dose in does undergoing ovariohysterectomy. A total of twenty New Zealand White does, with a mean age of 2 ± 1 months and an average body weight of 1 kg, were included after a one-month adaptation period. The animals were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: Buprenorphine (T1; 0.02 mg/kg, intravenous) and Tramadol (T2; 5 mg/kg, intravenous), both administered as a single preoperative dose. The intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects were assessed by recording heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) every 10 minutes until three measurements were obtained, as well as by measuring serum Cortisol levels during the intraperative and postoperative phases. In addition, postoperative pain was evaluated using the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RbtGS). The results showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments in heart rate or serum Cortisol levels. Although significant differences were observed in respiratory rate and RbtGS scores, these variations were not considered clinically relevant. Overall, the findings indicate that both treatments provide a comparable analgesic response during the intraoperative and postoperative periods in does undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Influencia del ciclo lunar y estral en el diámetro de folículos antrales y cuerpos lúteos en cobayas nulíparas
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Bermeo Segarra, Josseline Dayanna; Crespo Alvarez, Rubén Fernando; Méndez Álvarez, María Silvana
This study analyzed the influence of the lunar cycle and the phases of the estrous cycle on the diameter of antral follicles and corpus luteum in nulliparous guinea pigs. Vaginal cytology and histological sections of ovaries obtained from previous research were used. The antral follicles of each ovary were observed under an inverted microscope and photographed with a digital camera attached to the microscope. After taking the measurements, the antral follicles were classified as small, medium, large, and very large. The data were organized in spreadsheets, and the effects of the lunar phase and phases of the estrous cycle were analyzed using SAS statistical software, applying generalized linear mixed models. The results showed that the average diameter of the antral follicles varied between 185.1 and 212.7 between phases of the lunar cycle without statistical differences (P>0.05). Although the lunar phase did not affect follicle diameter (P= 0.1065); it influenced the follicular categories (P>0.0001); the interaction between lunar phase and follicular category (P= 0.0008) were highly significant. In medium (P= 0.7828) and large (P= 0.8039) antral follicles, no statistical significance was observed between lunar phases; however, the lunar phase affected the size of small (P= 0.0292) and very large (P= 0.0006) antral follicles. In relation to the estrous cycle, the average antral follicle size varied between 176.15 and 227.31 µm, with no statistical differences between phases (P= 0,5107). Although the effect of follicular category was highly significant (P < 0.0001), the interaction between estrous cycle phases x follicular category was not (P= 0.9110), so that comparisons of each category also did not vary between estrous cycle phases (P > 0.05). The diameter of the corpus luteum did not vary between phases of the lunar cycle or phases of the estrous cycle (P > 0.005). It is concluded that only the diameter of small and very large antral follicles was affected by the lunar phase.
Proyecto de una unidad de cultivo de forraje verde hidropónico para producción de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la granja de Irquis
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Cajamarca Espejo, Karla Daniela; Patiño Brito, Dayana Nicole; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
The project proposes a hydroponic green fodder (HGF) production unit inside a Wallipin at the Irquis of farm at the University of Cuenca, with the aim of ensuring a constant, nutritious, and sustainable supply of food for guinea pigs, as well as strengthening the academic development and research of students and teachers. A production assessment identified problems in conventional forage production, affected by climate variability and deficiencies in farm management (feeding, production, and reproduction of guinea pigs). One of the alternatives that can reduce the forage deficit is the production of FVH, produced mainly from barley and oats, which offers advantages in nutritional value, water efficiency, and speed of production, making it a sustainable option. Direct and documentary research was conducted on primary and secondary information on the Wallipin system, which is inspired by andean technologies and functions as an underground greenhouse that generates a stable microclimate, improves hydroponic productivity, and reduces the impact of extreme temperatures. The proposal integrates cultivation modules with germination trays, automated irrigation, a solar energy structure, and a technical management protocol. The economic and financial analysis, based on infrastructure costs, indicates an initial investment of USD 8.319,17 and operating costs of USD 4.344 with a projected production of 23 kg per day of HGF. The financial indicators show a Net Present Value of USD 10.023,47 and Internal Rate of Return of 36,47 %, and a Benefit-Cost Ratio of USD 1,04 confirming the feasibility of incorporating the HGF unit into the Irquis of the farm.
Frecuencia de tuberculosis mediante la técnica de interferón gamma (IFN- γ) en bovinos del cantón Sevilla de Oro, Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Landi Landi, Heidy Belén; Coronel Luna, Cristian Alejandro; Ramónez Cárdenas, Juan Carlos
Bovine tuberculosis (BBT) is a chronic, zoonotic disease that affects farm animals as well as wildlife. Their frequency is relatively high in developing countries, with a significant economic cost. The present research aimed to characterize the frequency of tuberculosis using the gamma interferon (ifng) technique in cattle. The research was descriptive, with a final sample of 150 cows in milk production from the parishes of Palmas, Sevilla de Oro and Amaluza, in the province of Azuay. Diagnostic analysis was performed using the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) technique to detect Mycobacterium bovis. The ID Screen® Ruminant IFNg ELISA kit was used. For data processing, the statistical program SPSS version 27 was used. Descriptive statistics of central tendency as mean and median were calculated, in addition to OR and the exact Fisher test, to evaluate the association between the frequency of tuberculosis and the variables studied. In terms of results, the median age was 55.5 months. Most of the cows were Holstein (74.7 %) and had between one and three litters (74%). The incidence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.33%. The only affected breeds are Holstein and Norman. Primiparous cows and those that had more than 4 litters were the ones with tuberculosis infection. In conclusion, the incidence of bovine tuberculosis was relatively low and there was no significant relationship to any of the risk factors.
Análisis del tamaño de partícula y determinación de la digestibilidad in vitro de dietas para cerdas gestantes y lactantes
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Alvarado Tinoco, Priscila Natalia; García Andrade, Ronny Eduardo; Haro Haro, Andrés Norberto
Particle size and dry matter digestibility directly influence digestive efficiency and fermentative processes in diets formulated for sows at different physiological stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate particle size and in vitro dry matter digestibility of diets for gestating and lactating sows. The study was conducted under in vitro conditions. Diets formulated for gestating and lactating sows were evaluated, using a finishing pig diet as a comparative reference. Particle size distribution was determined by vibratory sieving. In vitro dry matter digestibility was assessed at both ileal and total levels. Additionally, cecal fermentation was simulated using an in vitro gas production system. The diets showed differences in particle size distribution. In vitro ileal dry matter digestibility was 58% in the gestation and finishing diets and 54% in the lactation diet, whereas total dry matter digestibility reached values of 65% and 73% for the gestation and lactation, respectively. Ileal pH remained close to 7 across all diets, while fecal pH ranged from 6 to 7. Potential gas production was 153 mL and 197 mL for the gestation and lactation, respectively, with lag times of 1.05 h and 0.92 h. Effective dry matter degradability at a passage rate of 6% showed similar values among diets, ranging from 42 to 43%. In conclusion, the evaluated diets exhibited physical and fermentative differences associated with their formulation while maintaining comparable in vitro dry matter digestibility values, suggesting adequate nutrient availability for gestating and lactating sows under controlled fermentation conditions.
Crecimiento bacteriano en catéteres intravenosos en felinos. Comparación a 48 y 72 horas
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-11) Chaca Maxi, Brigith Vanessa; Fárez Anchundia, Daniela Isabel; Patiño Márquez, José Luis
Intravenous catheters are an indispensable tool in the daily routine of veterinary clinics, especially in patients who require hospitalization and continuous therapeutic support. Their prolonged use can promote bacterial growth and increase the risk of complications that affect patient recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial incidence in peripheral intravenous catheters removed at 48 vs 72 hours, analyzing 60 samples obtained from hospitalized cats that met the inclusion criteria and in which aseptic protocols were applied during catheter placement. Each catheter was cultured directly on CHROMagar, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were then performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The data obtained were processed in SPSS, a 30% incidence of bacterial growth was recorded, with a predominance of Staphylococcus isolates, especially S. aureus. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance was observed to penicillin, ampicillin, and, to a lesser extent, clindamycin and ceftriaxone, while sensitivity was higher for amoxicillin, cephalexin, and ampicillin-sulbactam. Finally, these findings highlight the importance of applying strict biosafety measures during catheter placement and maintenance, as well as adequately limiting their duration of stay.
Caracterización de los antibióticos y protocolos usados en perros, y su relación con las patologías en centros veterinarios del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2026-02-12) Riera Sacaquirín, María Paz; Toalongo Cusco, David Andrés; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo
The use of antibiotics in dogs is a common practice in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases; however, inappropriate or empirical prescription contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance, a problem of global relevance. The objective of this study was to characterize the antibiotics and therapeutic protocols used in dogs, as well as to analyze their relationship with the main diseases treated in veterinary centers in the canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted, based on structured surveys administered to 90 veterinarians working in clinics, practices, and veterinary hospitals in the canton of Cuenca. The data were processed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS software, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most veterinary centers have established protocols for antibiotic use and apply biosecurity measures. The most frequently treated conditions were gastrointestinal infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and respiratory infections. The most commonly used antibiotics were amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, and metronidazole. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the type of disease and the prescribed antibiotic (p < 0.05), while no significant associations were identified between antimicrobial choice and variables such as the type of veterinary center or the patient’s age group. In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to strengthen rational antibiotic use and standardize therapeutic protocols, contributing to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance from a One Health approach.

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