Medicina Veterinaria-Pregrado

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Abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de mamíferos medianos y grandes presentes dentro de un bosque seco tropical ecuatoriano
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Alvarez Alvarez, Alan Fabricio; Estrella Bermeo, Carlos Adrián; Gallo Pérez, Abel Antonio
The study was carried out in the dry forest “Bajada de Chanduy”, located in the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. The objective of the research was to determine the relative abundance, diversity and activity patterns of medium and large mammals through and large mammals by means of photo-trapping, using 9 Bushnell Prime 24 MP Low-Glow 24 MP Low-Glow cameras were used to monitor from May to August 2024, with an estimated effort of 882 days/trap. effort of 882 days/trap and 370 individual data. Twelve mammal species were recorded, belonging to 8 families and 5 different orders. The most represented orders were Carnivora (37.16%) and Artiodactyla (59.98%). The most abundant species were Dicotyles tajacu, Nasua nasua, and Odocoileus virginianus. The species with the lowest relative abundance index (RAI) was Galictis vittata. The analysis of activity patterns showed that most of the recorded species were diurnal, with activity peaks at 10:00 am, 08:00 am, and 04:00 pm. Among the diurnal species, Nasua nasua and Eira barbara stood out, while nocturnal species included Leopardus pardalis, Dasypus novemcinctus, and Tamandua mexicana. Cathemeral species, such as Dicotyles tajacu and Odocoileus virginianus, were also identified, showing activity during both day and night. The study also evaluated the relationship between activity patterns and lunar phases, without finding significant influence. The findings provide key information for developing measures to help preserve these ecosystems.
Actividad fisiológica de valores hematemétricos en bovinos de la parroquias: Tarqui, Cumbe y Victoria del Portete
(2005) Calle Lara, Pablo Ignacio; Crespo Sarmiento, Remigio Antonio; Vidal Vidal, José Guillermo
Actividad Viral de Fiebre Aptosa en la Provincia de Morona Santiago
(2005) Sánchez, Juvenal; Vaca Vaca, Carlos Miguel
Adaptación de mezclas forrajeras de pasto tropical en el cantón Gualaquiza
(1989) Orellana P., Guido; Contreras Rivera, Jorge Eduardo
Adición de suero de cobaya en celo a un medio de maduración in vitro
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-21) Quizhpi Bueno, Paul Geovanny; Zuña Ortuño, Domenica Yamara; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
The work was carried out in the Biotechnology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different percentages of guinea pig serum in heat (SCC) as a supplement in an in vitro maturation medium (IVM) for guinea pig oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries. For this, in the first instance, 10 crossbred guinea pigs were synchronized, the day they showed heat, blood serum was obtained. In the second instance, slaughterhouse ovaries were collected and COC's were obtained from these using the Slicing technique, these were classified into type A, B and C based on their morphology. Three treatments were evaluated: T0=control (base maturation medium), T1=base medium + 5% SCC supplementation, T2= base medium + 10% SCC supplementation, T3= base medium + 20% supplementation. % of SCC it was determined that the addition of SCC caused a greater degree of expansion of cumulus cells 5% (84.65 ± 3.98), 10% (84.49 ± 3.63) and 20% (87.43 ± 3.98) with respect to control (69.7 ± 3.63; p<0.005). The percentage of oocytes that reached metaphase II in T1 (25.91 ± 2.79), T2 (26.9 ± 2.79) and T3 (32.48 ± 3.06), were higher compared to the T0 (8.65 ± 2.79; p<0.05). In conclusion, the oocytes that were matured in medium supplemented with SCC presented a better percentage of morphological maturation than cumulus cells and oocytes that reached metaphase II.
Adición de vitamina E como antioxidante en cobayas gestantes (Cavia porcellus) sometidas a restricción alimentaria y su efecto sobre los parámetros productivos de la descendencia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-15) Pillco Guzmán, Andrea Cecilia; Criollo Cajamarca, Maritza Gabriela; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis
Prenatal viability is related to an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the embryos and subsequently to the fetuses, determined by an adequate placental structural and functional development. Therefore, an insufficient placental development due to undernourishment and/or maternal hypoxia, causes an increase in oxidative stress in the mother that exceed the endogenous antioxidant capacity, causing cell damage, which are related to a lower fetal development, low birth weight, stunting and a higher perinatal and post-natal mortality rate. The pregnant guinea pigs were divided into three groups ad libitum with 100% of the daily requirements (Group C; with restriction of 50% of the daily requirements without vitamin E supply (SNV group) and with restriction and treated with vitamin E (CNV group). The guinea pigs born to mothers of the CNV group had a higher weight during the whole lactation period and continued to be higher after weaning, likewise, the body length was longer during these two periods (lactation and weaning) compared with the SNV group. A better body mass index was also observed in the CNV group guinea pigs towards the middle of the lactation period and after weaning compared to the SNV group; all these morphometric characteristics reflected that the CNV group’s guinea pigs had a better daily mean weight gain and a better total weight gain during the juvenile development of the pups, compared to the restricted group without vitamin (SNV). In conclusion, the addition of vitamin E provides a positive effect on pregnant guinea pigs and could counteract the negative effects caused by dietary restriction on offspring.
Adición del líquido folicular como suplemento al medio de maduración in vitro de ovocitos de cobaya provenientes de ovarios de matadero
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-26) Aguinsaca Yauri, Nidia Nataly; Motoche Castro, Mishel Stefanía; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
In recent years, the in vitro maturation (IVM) process of guinea pig oocytes has been trying to improve. However, the results obtained until now are contradictory. Therefore, the present study sought to validate a protocol for obtaining follicular fluid (FL) from guinea pigs in estrus and then, to evaluate the effect of supplementing it in different percentages in a conventional medium in vitro maturation of guinea pig oocytes. For the first experiment, ten mestizo guinea pigs were used, which received a heat synchronization protocol based on oral progesterone for 15 consecutive days as a result 200µl of LF was obtained. In the second experiment, cumulus oocyte complexes (COC´s) were obtained from guinea pig ovaries using the slicing technique. The COC´s were distributed randomly in four IVM media containing different percentages of FL (T0= control, T1= 5%, T2= 10%, and T3 = 20%). After 24 hours, greater expansion of cumulus cells (CC) was observed in T1 (68.1 ± 3.01%) and T3 (66.6 ± 3.39%). It compared to T2 (54.35 ± 2 .72%) and T0 (43.19 ± 2.43%) with p<0.05, between groups. In addition, when evaluating the restart of meiosis progression, it was observed that the oocytes from T3 (33.46 ± 2.4%) and T2 (31.06% ± 1.93%) presented a higher percentage of oocytes in metaphase II, without a statistical difference between these two treatments; compared to the oocytes from T1 (24.52 ± 2.13%) and T0 (14.07 ± 1.72%). In brief, the supplementation of 10% guinea pig the follicular fluid in a conventional maturation medium resulted in a higher percentage of cumulus expansion, it improves the percentage of oocytes that reach metaphase II.
Administración de progesterona de acción prolongada después de la fertilización en ovinos superovulados y su relación con el tamaño de cuerpos lúteos y embriones
(2016) González Rosales, Mariana Gabriela; Quezada Moscoso, Sofía Margarita; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro; Galarza Lucero, Diego Andrés
The effect of short- and long-acting progesterone (P4) in early ovine metaestrous upon the size and number of corpus luteum (CL), progesterone and cortisol concentration, and number of embryos recovery at days 7 and 13 post-artificial insemination (AI) were analyzed. The study was carried out in Irquis livestock farm owned by University of Cuenca with 21 Correidale ewes, which were submitted to estrous synchronization with P4 intravaginal devices and ovary stimulation with equine chorionic gonadotropin (Folligon ®) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Folltropin ®). After estrus, ewes were inseminated and randomized assigned to one of the following treatments: (T1; n=7) control; (T2; n=7) 6 mg of P4 (Progestar ®) on days 2, 3 y 4 post-IA, and (T3; n=7) 18 mg of long-acting P4 (Progesterone MAD-4 ®) on day 2 post-IA. Fecal P4 and cortisol were also assessed on days 2, 3, 4 and 5 post-AI. The size and number of the CL and embryos were performed by mid-ventral laparotomy on days 7 and 13; and also blood samples for P4 concentration determination were collected on day 13. A randomized block design was used to analysis of data. No statistics differences between treatments were found. Also, no embryos were recovered in any experimental group. In conclusion, the short- and long-acting P4 applied in early metaestrous did not affect the size and number of CL, serum P4 concentration, also, did not affect the concentration of P4 and cortisol in feces.
Alimentación de terneros mestizos-holstein hasta el destete adicionando fibra y flora mocrobiana ruminal en la dieta
(2001) Barrera, Cesar; Serpa, Silvio; Serpa García, Victor Guillermo
Alimentación y destete precoz de terneras para reposición
(1993) Ponce de Moscoso, Tania; Sánchez Molina, Luis Romeo
Análisis bromatológico de seis alimentos balanceados para Felis catus desde el destete hasta los 12 meses de edad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-06) Cordero Gallegos, Romina; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
In felines, as in all species, following weaning begins a crucial period for their development, constituting the most important stage for the animal’s adult health, hence it is essential that they receive all necessary nutrients for proper growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bromatological composition of balanced foods available in the Cuenca market intended for ‘Cats’ from weaning to twelve months of age, emphasizing the three categories: standard or generic, premium, and super premium. Six commercial brands were analyzed, with three samples taken from each, determining parameters such as moisture, dry matter, protein, fiber, fat, ash, and organic matter present in each balanced food. The methodology of each assay was established by the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC). Although the comparative study among different categories demonstrated the existence of significant differences in moisture (p=0.0007), dry matter (p=0.0007), fat (p=0.0002), ash (p=0.0013), and organic matter (p=0.0013); the nutrient values of the analyzed balanced foods do not vary greatly according to the category, meaning there is not a large variation between super premium, premium, and standard. Comparative analysis with the nutritional requirement standards established by the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) demonstrated that all foods meet the nutritional requirements of cats within the established time period, emphasizing the analytes that this institution emphasizes, protein and fat
Análisis de la composición química y digestibilidad in vitro de subproductos agroindustriales en la alimentación de cuyes (Cavia porcellus)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-10-10) Vintimilla Piedra, Gabriela Liliana; Rumipulla Vele, Weendy Maritza; Haro Haro, Andrés Norberto
Agro-industrial by-products that are not used in the main production chain are eliminated into the environment and generate polluting gases, causing environmental alterations. Stems and leaves that are not suitable for commercialization make up a considerable part and have the potential to be widely included in the guinea pig feed industry. On the other hand, the use of in vitro techniques to determine the digestibility of feed in guinea pigs is limited and not standardized, therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of agro-industrial by-products and implement an in vitro technique to determine the digestibility of dry matter on guinea pigs. The by- products showed contents of 13, 7.5, 50 and 29% of crude protein, ether extracts, nitrogen-free extracts and crude fiber, respectively. Total digestible nutrients were around 80% with metabolizable energy contents between 3549 kcal ME/kg of DM and 3928 kcal ME/kg of DM in all agro-industrial by-products. In conclusion, agro-industrial by-products such as broccoli, cabbage, sugarcane bagasse and corn leaves can be used as an energy source in guinea pigs' diet, replacing cereals and forages
Análisis de la presencia de antibióticos y calidad de la leche cruda que se expende en mercados de la ciudad de Azogues
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Idrovo Matute, Luz Estefanía; Zhunio Guambaña, Evelyn Michelle; Reinoso García, Lourdes Priscila
This descriptive study evaluated the quality of raw milk sold in the markets of Azogues, Cañar Province, considering the presence of antibiotic residues, physicochemical characteristics (fat, protein, lactose, mineral salts, non-fat solids, total solids, freezing point, and density), and sanitary quality through the somatic cell count (SCC). The study referenced the Organic Law for the Promotion of Milk Production, Marketing, Industrialization, Consumption, and Pricing Regulations, along with the NTE INEN 09:2012 Standard. These regulations specify that high- quality milk must contain at least 3% fat, 2.9% protein, be free of adulterants and antibiotics, and have an SCC below 250,000. A total of 144 samples were collected from two city markets, of which 72 were included in the general statistical analysis. The results indicated that 12.5% of the samples contained antibiotic residues, while only 51.39% met the permissible SCC limits. This highlights deficiencies in handling and hygiene practices during milking in certain cases. The physicochemical parameters, such as fat and protein, largely complied with the established standards, although minor deviations were observed that did not significantly compromise product quality. In conclusion, while most samples met regulatory requirements, the presence of antibiotic residues and elevated SCC levels in some cases underscores the need for stricter controls, enhanced training in handling and hygiene practices, and educational programs to ensure the quality and safety of raw milk intended for human consumption.
Análisis de los sistemas productivos bovinos de los cantones occidentales de la provincia del Azuay
(2017) Moyán Plaza, Ana Lucía; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Vanegas Cabrera, Raúl Alejandro
The objective of the present study was to make a general diagnosis of the livestock sector of the western cantons in the province of Azuay. The information was obtained from a survey of owners in their Agricultural Production Units (UPAs), distributed in three categories: 208 small (<5 ha), 222 medium (5-50 ha) and 26 large (>50 ha). Statistical analyzes were based on the exploration of variables, main statisticians, main component analysis (ACP), and analysis of conglomerates (AC), with the following results: producers ages 40 to 60 with primary education. The natural grass was 77.9% in small UPAs, 59% in medium and in the large 38.5%. The average production of liters/milk/cow/day in the three categories of UPAs was 5.8; 6.7 and 5.0 liters respectively; in the same way, the age at first service was 24.3; 24.0 and 22.1 months respectively. Meat marketing was performed in 25.5% in small UPAs, 41.4% in medium and 65.4% in large farms. The ACP identified 8, 13 and 3 components in small, medium and large farms with 81.54%, 81.16% and 93.81% of total accumulated variance, respectively. With the AC two systems were formed in the small UPAs, two in the medians, of these farms a system presented better results in the variables. In the large UPAs a sy
Análisis de los sistemas productivos bovinos de los cantones orientales de la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Gutama Valladares, Nancy Fernanda; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The aim of this research, was to perform a holistic analysis of milk production systems, in the Eastern Townships in the province of Azuay - Ecuador, with a sample of 527 (Agricultural Production Unit) UPAs, the same that are distributed in three categories: UPAs small (<5 ha), medium (5-50 ha) and large (> 50 ha). Socioeconomic characteristics, management, marketing, production and reproduction, covering sets of variables studied. The information was obtained directly from producers and visits in the herd. Analyses include relative frequencies, crosstabs, means, and standard error, as well as analysis of principal component and clusters. The socioeconomic characteristics of the producer, showed the existence of 50% of older adults (40 to 60 years old), with a predominance of basic primary education, and outstanding participation of women in small farms. With regard to the characteristics of the farm, 46% of herds have the existence of natural pasture, however, 7,6% of the UPAs makes artificial insemination. Age at first birth was 32.5 months with a production of 7.7 liters per cow per day. They were determined for small, medium and large farms 3, 5 and 7 principal components respectively, the common Resources used for production in all. The cluster analysis showed the existence of seven distinct production systems in, handling, characteristics of the farm and production
Análisis de los sistemas productivos bovinos del cantón Cuenca
(2016) Garzón Guzmán, Alexander Javier; Suquitana Calderón, María del Carmen; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis
The objective of the present study was to analyze the cattle productive systems with holistic view of the factors of the UPAs, this research was realized in the rural suburbs in the canton Cuenca, was determined a sample of 764 UPAs was distributed in three categories: UPAs less than 5 hectares (small), UPAs from 5 to 50 hectares (medium) and UPAs larger than 50 hectares (large). The information was obtained from the database and the technical surveys applied to the owners. Statistical analysis included evidence of the Exploration of the variables, Statistician main, Analysis of principal components and Analysis of clusters. Socio-economic aspects of the producers indicated that more than 50% of producers performs old age, 85% has knowledge of the writing and reading. In regard to the characteristics of the UPA, the natural pasture presented in percentages of 72,4±1,42 % in small, 51,3±2,39% in medium and 53.7 ±7.01 % in large, grass artificial 34.5±1.34 %, 52.4±2.39 %, 48.6±7.05 % respectively. The age at first service was 22,5±0,25 months in small, 22,4 ± 0,42 months in medium and 20,0 ±0,81 months in the major. Average individual production in the small is 7, 0±0, 14 liters, 10 medium, 6±0, 30 liters and large 13, 8±1, 02 liters. Factorial analysis indicated that the small UPAs consist of 13 components and 76,42% of explanation, medium-sized 11 components and 76,99% of explanation and the big 6 components and 84,60% of explanation; 6 sets by using cluster analysis was obtained
Análisis de presencia de antibióticos y la calidad de la leche cruda comercializada en diferentes mercados de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-11) Troya Gaona, Jhulissa Alejandra; López Albiño, Odalis Kassandra; Reinoso García, Lourdes Priscila
The present study is descriptive and prospective and was conducted in various markets in the city of Cuenca, Azuay province. A total of 96 raw milk samples were analyzed with the primary objective of evaluating their physicochemical properties, determining their quality and safety and detecting the possible presence of antibiotic residues. The physicochemical parameters were compared with the standards established by the Regulation of the Organic Law for the Promotion of Production, Commercialization, Industrialization, Consumption, and Price Fixation of Milk and Its Derivatives, as well as the NTE-INEN 09:2012 Standard. These regulations require that milk contain at least 3% fat and 2.9% protein, be free from adulterants and antibiotic residues, and comply with sanitary quality standards, such as a maximum of 250,000 somatic cells per milliliter. Therefore, parameters such as fat, protein, density, titratable acidity, total solids, non-fat solids, and freezing point were analyzed to identify differences between the samples obtained from different points of sale. The results showed that 1.04% of the samples tested positive for antibiotic residues, indicating a low level of contamination in informally marketed milk. Variables such as protein, fat, minerals, and non- fat solids exhibited low variability among samples from different markets. However, the analysis of somatic cell counts revealed that 55% of the samples exceeded the maximum limit permitted by the regulations, highlighting deficiencies in the sanitary quality of milk in several points of sale.
Análisis del efecto sustitutivo de alimento comercial por Sistema Biofloc en cultivo dulceacuícola de camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei)
(2019-09-23) Ortiz Nuñez, Itali Monserrat; Galarza Álvarez, Luis Rodrigo
To determinate the productive viability of the biofloc system in freshwater cultivation of L. vannamei Post larva 14 (PL14) for 90 days, n = 25,000 total organisms were used, distributed in 3 lots, each one with 5000 individuals: L1 with two repetitions: L2 and L3, formed the study lot; Lot 4= positive control, Lot 5= negative control, the PL were distributed by a completely randomized design, the studied variables were: survival in the acclimation period and water chemical analyzes (Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen ). However, in the acclimation period (day 13), mortality of 100% of the PL14 was recorded when reaching salinities of 0 ppt. The development of microbial flocks in fresh water for 14 weeks was viable, reporting volumes of 16 ml / L. An ionic imbalance of the Na +: K + 2: 5 ratio was noted in the quality of the water used for the acclimation period and flocs development. It is concluded that, there are high variations of NAT (Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen) and pH variations (P <0.05) during acclimation. However, no temperature influence (P> 0.05) on the period of acclimation and growth of the microbial floc was reported.
Análisis del sistema de producción de ganado en nueve fincas representativas del Cantón Gonzanamá
(1988) Herrera C., Pepe M; Mora A., Pablo A; Chávez Valdivieso, Rómulo
Análisis del valor nutricional y la digestibilidad ruminal del ensilaje de brócoli con una proteasa exógena en dietas para animales rumiantes
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-05) Agila Aguilar, Emily Anahí; Remache Yumbo, Kevin Steven; Haro Haro, Andrés Norberto
Broccoli production in Ecuador has led to a significant amount of waste, much of which ends up being discarding and contributing to environmental pollution. As a result, new alternatives are being explored to repurpose broccoli as a potential feed source in the livestock industry. To this end, silages fermented for 21 and 45 days were analyzed using the in-situ degradability method in two rumen-fistulated sheep, with incubation period of up to 72 hours. Additionality, a two-phase in vitro intestinal digestion procedure was applied. The silages showed a higher organic matter content (93,1 to 98%), and crude protein levels (up to 17%) compared to the control sample (88,4 and 6,4%, respectively) regarding cell wall composition, the silages had a higher level of hemicellulose and lignin, while cellulose content was high in the silages (4620-4930 kcal/kg DM), and although digestible energy for lactation were higher in the silages. The silages enriched with the Poultrygrow 250® additive achieved over 90% degradability along with an 82% in vitro intestinal digestibility rate. Significant differences were observed in the degradable fraction, while the undegradable fraction and the degradation rate (P < 0,01) also yielded favorable results in the additive-treated silages. Total digestibility values were 78,5% for the silage and 78% for the broccoli.