Género y Desarrollo-Tesis de Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/189

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Análisis de los roles productivo y reproductivo asumidos en la edad productiva de las personas adultas mayores y los efectos en la seguridad económica en la vejez desde la perspectiva de género, en la Parroquia Sayausí en el 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 2025-10-05) Luna Guevara, Michelle Alexandra; Arias Pallaroso, Francisco Alexander
The research project "Analysis of the Productive and Reproductive Roles Assumed During the Working-Age Period by Older Adults and Their Effects on Economic Security in Old Age from a Gender Perspective, in Sayausí Parish in 2025" aims to analyze the perceptions of men and women aged 65 and over regarding their current economic security and the gender roles they assumed during their productive years. This qualitative study, with a phenomenological design and an exploratory-descriptive scope, employs thematic-narrative analysis to categorize and interpret relevant discourse. The techniques used include in- depth interviews and focus groups, aimed at understanding participants’ experiences related to economic security, productive and reproductive roles, and their effects in old age. The study seeks to identify gender-based patterns and inequalities that may contribute to public policy discussions and strategies to improve the quality of life of older adults. Conducted exclusively in Sayausí Parish (Cuenca, Ecuador), the research adheres to high ethical standards through data anonymization and informed consent. The findings indicate that the productive and reproductive roles assumed during the working-age period have a significant and differentiated impact on economic security in old age. In the case of women, most of their time was dedicated to unpaid caregiving work, which limited their access to stable employment and social security. In contrast, men mainly engaged in productive activities that enabled greater economic stability.
Historias de vida sobre la migración irregular de hombres y mujeres de la Comunidad La Paz – Nabón en su tránsito hacia Estados Unidos periodo 2020 – 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Guanuchi Morocho, Ruth Doménica; Bueno Loja, Blanca Yolanda
The research examined the experiences of irregular migration of men and women from the La Paz Community in their journey to the United States. Through the life stories technique, the study aimed to capture the complexity of this process from a gender perspective. The emphasis on personal stories enriched the understanding of motivations for migrating and initial expectations. Additionally, it provided a detailed view of the journey, identifying the risks faced and the strategies used to confront them. It was expected that this technique would reveal how travel conditions and encounters with authorities and intermediaries could vary by gender. The research also analyzed how experiences of irregular migration impacted the personal and family lives of the migrants. Furthermore, it explored the perception of changes in the home community and integration in the new destination country. A particular focus on gender differences allowed for understanding variations in the experiences and challenges faced by men and women during irregular migration. This could shed light on the specific vulnerability of women to exploitation and gender-based violence, as well as the social pressures that men could feel as providers. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of how gender influences experiences of irregular migration and how these experiences, in turn, can have diverse effects on home communities and destinations.
Análisis de la vivencia de la masculinidad en hombres no heterosexuales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2024, a partir de los aportes teóricos de Bell Hooks y Raewyn Connell
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-10) Chillogallo Peña, Dennis Ismael; Serrano Cabrera, David Matias; Paño Yánez, Pablo José
This research analyzes how non-heterosexual male students at the University of Cuenca experience masculinity, drawing on the theoretical contributions of Bell Hooks and Raewyn Connell. Using a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted, coded, and analyzed with Atlas.ti, which allowed the organization of the information into four key categories: hegemonic masculinity and self-perception, reproduction of hegemonic masculinity, consequences of hegemonic masculinity, and alternative masculinities. The study is based on the understanding of masculinity as a social construction reproduced through norms, mechanisms of socialization, and institutions. In the first category, conflicts were identified between the participants’ self-definition and the expectations imposed by traditional gender models, particularly in relation to their sexual orientation. The second category examines how spaces such as family and schools reinforce a normative and exclusionary masculine model from childhood. The third category presents the emotional, social, and psychological consequences of adhering to these mandates, showing that hegemonic masculinity generates discomfort, emotional repression, and limited interpersonal relationships among participants. Finally, the last category highlights the emergence of more empathetic, expressive, and free forms of masculinity that represent an active resistance to the patriarchal model. The contributions of Hooks and Connell not only enabled the interpretation of the narratives but also revealed how non-heterosexual identities challenge the reproduction of hegemonic masculinity. The analysis demonstrates that these men not only face the impositions of the patriarchal system but also develop affective, ethical, and personal strategies that distance themselves from what is traditionally considered to be a man.
Acceso, control de recursos y autonomía. Un Estudio en mujeres vendedoras del Mercado 10 de agosto, Cuenca en el periodo septiembre 2024 - enero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-10) Pachar Narváez, William David; Iñiguez Ibarra, Ana Lucía
This study aims to analyze the relationship between access to and control of resources and the economic autonomy of informal women vendors at the 10 de agosto Market in Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period September 2024 - January 2025. The aim is to understand how these factors influence their ability to make economic and personal decisions within a context of informal work and complex socioeconomic dynamics. The research adopted a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to delve into the individual and collective experiences of the participants. Information was collected through surveys and interviews, addressing key categories such as money management, savings, personal decisions, family support, use of earnings, dependency relationship and access to basic services. The results of the study revealed a diversity of experiences, from women with high levels of autonomy and control over their resources to those facing economic limitations and dependency. Factors such as family support, access to economic opportunities and financial education emerged as determinants for achieving greater autonomy. In addition, the structural barriers faced by these women were highlighted, including job insecurity and gender inequalities. This work contributes to the understanding of the informal economy from a gender perspective, highlighting the opportunities and challenges faced by women in their search for economic autonomy and social justice.
Manifestación del sistema Cis-hetero Patriarcal en la Identidad de Género de dos Personas Trans desde la experiencia universitaria en la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo septiembre 2024 - febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-07) Vivar Tapia, María Cristina; Herrera Montero, Luis Alberto
The experiences and challenges that trans people face within the university environment in relation to the social dynamics of the patriarchal cisgender system may or may not interfere with the full exercise of their rights within the university context. Therefore, the research aimed to analyze how the patriarchal cisgender system interferes in the university experience of two trans people from the University of Cuenca. The study has a qualitative approach and a type of phenomenological design, which allowed us to delve deeper into the specific problem within a real and limited context. The scope of the research is “exploratory descriptive” resulting from the bibliographic review and qualitative data obtained through the interview and dialogue about life stories. The expected results aimed at making visible the experiences and challenges faced by trans people within the university environment in relation to the social dynamics of the patriarchal cisgender system and its influence on education, in addition to recognizing how these social structures manifest themselves at the University of Cuenca and interfere with the full exercise of the rights of trans people in the educational field. In regard, it was analyzed that the University of Cuenca mostly represents a safe space for sex-gender diversity, and that its regulations and protocols are oriented towards respecting them.
Desigualdad y violencia política de género contra las mujeres: un análisis de experiencias de las presidentas electas en el período 2023 en los GADs parroquiales rurales de Paccha y Sinincay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-07) Tacuri Sinchi, Ana Lucía; García Vélez, Adriana del Rocío
The research analyzed the experiences of inequality and gender-based political violence faced by the presidents of the rural parish governments (GADs) of Paccha and Sinincay in 2023, as well as their impact on their political performance and participation. To achieve this, their life stories were constructed, revealing forms of symbolic, verbal, psychological, and cyber violence, along with obstacles such as machismo, institutional sabotage, and exclusion from decision-making spaces. Despite these challenges, the presidents developed resilience strategies and relied on community and family networks to lead initiatives focused on gender equality and local development. Although they made progress in implementing social programs and benefited from inclusive policies, cultural and structural barriers persisted, limiting their management and affecting their personal well-being. In conclusion, the female leaders managed to consolidate their roles as agents of change, but the findings highlighted the need to strengthen public policies, ensure an inclusive political environment, and promote a cultural shift that values and respects female leadership in rural contexts.
Influencia de los roles de género en las expectativas hacia la educación superior de los y las estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Nicanor Aguilar, Parroquia San Juan, Azuay, Año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-10) Cambizaca Quinde, Daniela Estefania; Gutiérrez Molina, Blanca Esperanza
The central problem of the research project is the difficulties derived from gender roles that may influence the expectations that rural students have when accessing higher education. The proposed general objective is to analyze the influence of gender roles on the expectations towards higher education of high school students of the Nicanor Aguilar Educational Unit, San Juan Parish. This research was conducted through a quantitative approach, which allowed obtaining and collecting information from the data obtained from the study, the design was descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional, using the type of non-probabilistic or directed sampling and worked with the population of 90 students who belong to the Unified General High School. The most relevant results show that gender roles have a significant influence on the educational expectations of the students, since their aspirations are based on the specific activities that men and women should perform, and this is evident in the choice of professional careers. It was evident that gender roles are naturalized between men and women since 74.5% of female students have caregiving responsibilities. On the other hand, 43.6% of the male gender mentioned that they are the most suitable for careers with numerical content, showing that female students are the most suitable for careers with numerical content.
Análisis crítico de la producción académica sobre mujeres privadas de libertad en Ecuador durante la crisis carcelaria (2013-2023)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-07) Chabla Chimborazo, Jennifer Adriana; Escobar Nieto, Karla Paola; Mendieta Orellana, Mónica Elisabeth
The research entitled “Critical Analysis of the Academic Production on Women Deprived of Liberty in Ecuador during the Prison Crisis (2013-2023)” examines how women deprived of liberty have been invisibilized in academic studies of the Ecuadorian prison system. It is based on a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic and analytical design that uses specific criteria to critically classify the existing academic literature. Among the background, it highlights the prison crisis in Ecuador, marked by overcrowding, violence and lack of focus on the particular needs of women, who face double marginalization due to their gender and incarcerated status. The central issue revolves around how androcentric and patriarchal approaches have limited the critical analysis of women's experiences in this context. The findings reveal that the studies reviewed lack a gender and intersectionality perspective, which perpetuates structural inequalities and a systematic exclusion of women prisoners. As a contribution, the study emphasizes the need to incorporate these perspectives in future analyses to ensure more inclusive and equitable prison policies. Its implications highlight the urgency of making the realities of these women visible in academia, facilitating transformations that promote social justice and respect for their human rights.
Análisis de los riesgos laborales de las recolectoras de desechos sólidos de la Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable, Alcantarillado y Saneamiento (EMAPAS-G) del cantón Gualaceo, en Ecuador. Un estudio con enfoque de género. Año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-07) Rodas Ulloa, Michelle Anahí; Bueno Loja, Blanca Yolanda
The research project “Analysis of the Occupational Risks of the Solid Waste Collectors of the Municipal Company of Drinking Water, Sewage and Sanitation (EMAPAS-G) of the Gualaceo Canton, in Ecuador. A study with a gender focus. Year 2024, I intend to know the occupational risks to which people who are dedicated to this work are exposed, for this purpose, the general objective is to reveal the occupational risks of women solid waste collectors in the Gualaceo canton, incorporating the condition " gender” as a category of analysis. The study will have a qualitative approach, through their experiences. The scope is descriptive, ethnographic in design, the approach to the population is sought. The techniques to be applied are, on the one hand, semi-structured participant observation of the garbage collection process in the territory, since it will allow direct interaction between the researchers and the women investigated; on the other, the in-depth interview with the collectors to recover their experiences. The results to be achieved are: types of occupational risks to which collectors are exposed: influence of occupational segregation, double shifts and lack of recognition of the work of collectors and how these factors contribute to gender inequality in this sector, and finally, lines of action to improve the safety and well-being of women within these spaces.
Textos de la Biblia Católica Latinoamericana, que contribuyen a la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-07) Dután Criollo, Tatiana Vanessa; Rodríguez López, Anthony Francisco; Iñiguez Ibarra, Ana Lucía
This research aimed to give a free interpretation of some passages from the Latin American Catholic Bible to promote equality between women and men. The study proposes a new interpretation of these passages to offer alternative views to the ones we are used to hearing. For this, some verses were selected, such as Galatians 3:28, which says: "There is no man or woman, for we are all one in Christ," and others. These were analyzed by experts in the topic and the authors of this research, who suggested new readings of these texts. The research hopes that this new interpretation will help in processes related to women's leadership and gender equality, supporting equal values in religious contexts. It also aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those connected to gender equality, inclusive education, and social justice. In the end, this research wants to help change patriarchal cultural norms and create an understanding of sacred texts that supports a society where women and men are treated equally.
Percepciones respecto a los deportes no tradicionales como el fútbol femenino, en las y los estudiantes de la carrera de Género y Desarrollo en la Universidad de Cuenca, período septiembre-febrero 2024- 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-08) Palacios Picón, Felipe Sebastián; García Vélez, Adriana del Rocío
In recent years, women's soccer has gained visibility in Ecuador, especially since the creation of the Women's Super League in 2019. However, obstacles such as lack of institutional support, discrimination and gender stereotypes persist. In this context, the present research explores the perceptions of students in the third cycle of the Gender and Development career at the University of Cuenca about women's soccer as a non-traditional sport. The analysis focuses on how roles, stereotypes and social expectations influence the acceptance and development of women's soccer in the country. The general objective was to identify students' perceptions, stereotypes and prejudices regarding non-traditional sports, specifically women's soccer. The specific objectives included analyzing how gender roles and expectations have influenced the acceptance and development of women's soccer and understanding the challenges and barriers faced by female athletes in this area. A mixed approach was adopted, prioritizing qualitative data. Semi-structured surveys were conducted with 15 students (4 men, 10 women and 1 person of diverse gender) of the Gender and Development career. The information was analyzed using the Atlas Ti tool. The results revealed that, although there is growing interest and support for women's soccer, significant barriers remain. Students perceive that traditional roles and stereotypes negatively influence the acceptance of women's soccer. Among the main barriers identified were lack of institutional support, low salaries and limited media visibility. It was also highlighted that many women face criticism based on their appearance or femininity, which reinforces exclusion and inequality in the sport.
Violencia machista, reggaetón y empoderamiento femenino. Análisis de la producción audiovisual en los casos de Karol G, Ivy Queen y Tokischa
(2025-03-06) Brito Molina, Karla Daniela; Muñoz Sempértegui, Doménica de los Ángeles; Herrera Montero, Luis Alberto
Have you ever wondered if, by dancing, singing, or listening to reggaetón performed by women, you might be reproducing messages that contain male violence or, on the contrary, if by enjoying this music style, you might be embracing a path toward empowerment? Reggaetón is a music genre that has been in the eye of the storm since its creation, due to its lyrics and sexually explicit content, which often replicate patriarchal patterns and preconceived ideas about women, their bodies, and their sexuality. This investigation aims to identify messages that promote female empowerment in the songs of artists like Karol G, Ivy Queen, and Tokischa. At the same time, it seeks to explore how their discographies also contain elements aligned with violence and systems of male, ethnic, and class domination.
Análisis del triple rol de las mujeres rurales, representantes de hogar, en la Comunidad San Gabriel de Chaucha, en Ecuador. Año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-06) Prado Chacho, Dennis Steven; Mendieta Orellana, Mónica Elisabeth
The research analyzed the triple role performed by rural women, heads of households, in the community of San Gabriel de Chaucha, Ecuador, during 2024. It explored how these women simultaneously manage productive, reproductive, and community responsibilities in a context of poverty and social exclusion, aiming to highlight their role and identify associated factors and consequences. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was adopted to capture the essence of the participants' lived experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women selected through purposive sampling, focusing on categories such as the manifestations of the triple role, perpetuating factors, and consequences. Hermeneutic analysis using Atlas.Ti software facilitated data coding and contextualization within the theoretical framework. The findings revealed that rural women face an unrecognized workload that significantly impacts their physical and mental well-being. Furthermore, gender inequalities perpetuate the undervaluation of their roles, restricting access to resources and opportunities. The study concludes that it is essential to implement public policies aimed at recognizing reproductive and community work and strengthening support networks and resources to achieve comprehensive empowerment for rural women.
Participación y empoderamiento femenino a través del karate do: un estudio en la Academia “Angel’s Karate Do Shotokan” de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-05) Cabrera Álvarez, Jonnathan Marcelo; Paño Yáñez, Pablo José
The research project “Participation and Female Empowerment through Karate Do: A study at “Angel's Karate Do Shotokan Academy”, in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, year 2024, addresses the participation of women in karate, their motivations and the possible causes that are limiting their involvement in this martial art. The general objective is to analyze the relationship between female participation and empowerment through the practice of Karate Do at the “Angel's Do Shotokan Academy” in the city of Cuenca during the period September 2024 - February 2025. The study had a mixed approach, a phenomenological design type and exploratory scope. We worked with interviews and surveys in order to identify the barriers and motivations of women in Karate Do, as well as the perceptions of men towards women karateka. The results presented aim to identify the barriers they have had to face and the motivations that lead them to practice the discipline of Karate Do, as well as to explore the perceptions of men towards the participation and empowerment of women in this martial art, identifying possible gender biases or stereotypes.
Análisis de los factores socioeconómicos y de género relacionados con el emprendimiento femenino en la Asociación de Productores Agroecológicos del Azuay (Apa Azuay). Año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-05) Morocho Loja, Jennifer Estefania; Once Gomez, Dayanna Brigette; Arias Pallaroso, Francisco Alexander
The research project, Analysis of Socioeconomic and Gender Factors Related to Female Entrepreneurship in the Association of Agroecological Producers of Azuay (APA AZUAY). Year 2024”, is a research that seeks to analyze the socioeconomic factors related to female entrepreneurship in the Association of Agroecological Producers of Azuay. This study had a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological design and explanatory scope. Semi- structured interviews based on a guide of questions were used. The results show that women entrepreneurs face challenges derived from gender barriers, social and economic constraints, and that the main motivation for entrepreneurship stems from the need to generate income for the welfare of their families, in addition to the desire for their own autonomy, so that they use strategies such as mutual support, innovation and adaptation to overcome various challenges in their entrepreneurial process. In addition, they have challenged traditional gender stereotypes, promoting their entrepreneurship and demonstrating their capacity for leadership and making important economic decisions. In conclusion, the women of APA Azuay have transformed challenges into opportunities, showing resilience, leadership and capacity to overcome barriers, balance responsibilities and consolidate their ventures as a means to achieve autonomy and the well-being of their families.
La menstruación como expresión del patriarcado colonial capitalista. Experiencias de mujeres de la Organización “Bordadoras Autoconvocadas” en el periodo septiembre 2024 – febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-05) Rea Rubio, Erika Fernanda; Gil Gesto, María Isabel
This research presents the collective results of a process aimed to understand how the menstrual taboo influences the individual and collective menstrual experiences of women in the organization Bordadoras Autoconvocadas. A qualitative methodological strategy framed within feminist critical research and Southern epistemologies is used for this purpose. Through participatory workshops and techniques such as body mapping, emotions, memories, feelings, and collective dialogues are gathered, allowing for an approach to the experiences of those participating in this research. The results show that the menstrual taboo remains present today, although there are diverse experiences among participants. It manifests in various forms related to patriarchy, colonialism, and capitalism, which influences the development of the participants' daily activities. The findings provide a foundation for future research which gives voice to women and menstruating individuals as protagonists.
La socialización de los roles de género en el ámbito educativo y familiar de las y los estudiantes de 7mo y 8vo de básica de la Unidad Educativa Pucará en el período académico 2022 – 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-12-02) Delgado Reyes, Maritza Alexandra; Bueno Loja, Blanca Yolanda
Gender roles refer to all those social norms, behaviors, rules generally perceived as assigned to men and women and imposed by society, culture, education and family. The objective of this research is to analyze the socialization of gender roles in the educational and family environment of 7th and 8th grade students of the Pucará Educational Unit. It proposes a solid proposal for a qualitative study on the influence of the family and school in the transmission of traditional gender roles, which perpetuate inequalities. The project is relevant both for the generation of knowledge and for the transformation of educational practices towards equity and inclusion. The results show the persistence of gender stereotypes at home and school, with clearly defined roles and expectations. Although some students are beginning to question these traditional roles and propose measures to promote gender equality, the need for educational and awareness-raising strategies to challenge these stereotypes and allow for the full development of the students is highlighted.
Análisis de las brechas de género en la distribución y realización de tareas domésticas entre estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa José María Vélez extensión 598-A, Sinincay. Año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-09) Aucapiña Pinduizaca, Christian Santiago; Mendieta Orellana, Mónica Elisabeth
The present investigation focuses on the gender gaps in the distribution and implementation of domestic tasks among students of men and women of the “José María Vélez extension 58- A” Educational Unit Sinincay, during the year 2024. The problem is rooted in the persistent desire in the assignment of responsibilities of the company, affecting the academic and personal life of the women. The objective of the investigation was to identify and analyze the differences in the implementation of domestic tasks between men and women, as well as the use of time allocated to these activities. The population protagonist of this study is made up of students of both sexes of the mentioned educational unit. A quantitative methodology was applied, using structured cues to collect data regarding participation in domestic tasks, the use of time and perceptions regarding gender roles. The data were analyzed statistically to identify patrons and trends in the distribution of responsibilities. The main hallmarks indicate that studying women take on the majority of household tasks, dedicating more hours to activities such as preparing food, caring for children and washing clothes. In contrast, men are mainly involved in the maintenance of their home and vehicles. Considering that both genders recognize the need for a more equitable distribution, cultural norms and stereotypes that perpetuate desire persist. These results highlight the need to promote responsibility in the workplace and implement policies that support women in their academic and personal development.
Diferencias de género en la organización del cuidado del personal docente investigador de la Universidad de Cuenca durante el período de confinamiento obligatorio por COVID 19
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-08) Chapa Barreto, Tania Estefanía; Íñiguez Ibarra, Ana Lucía
The COVID‐19 pandemic caused the transfer of activities to the domestic space, generating an increase in the demand for care in the family environment and directly impacting the social organization of care. The study describes gender differences in the organization of care of teaching research staff at the University of Cuenca during the period of mandatory confinement, as an incentive to reflect on equitable practices. Both care directed towards other people, self-care and the proposal of institutional changes to contribute to equal opportunities were addressed. For this purpose, a qualitative study was implemented with a narrative design of topics and a descriptive scope. 12 in-depth interviews were applied with a semi-structured guide. The sample was representative by gender and by research area. An inequitable organization of care is revealed, meaning an overload of work for women. Furthermore, the maintenance of traditional gender roles in the perception of self-care, in men associated with a protective role, while in the majority of women self-care is left in the background. Regulatory and cultural changes are suggested to build a more equitable environment in which the right of all people to care and be cared for is considered. The prevailing need to implement institutional policies from a gender perspective and focused on the care and well-being of the entire university community is evident.
Precariedad laboral de las y los migrantes venezolanos en el sector informal en la ciudad de Cuenca desde una perspectiva de género durante el periodo Septiembre del 2023 – Febrero del 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-10-22) Guichay Carrera, Christopher Josué; García Vélez, Adriana del Rocío
This study was carried out in order to analyze the perceptions of job insecurity of Venezuelan migrants in the informal sector of the city of Cuenca and how it influences the personal and family aspect, from a gender perspective during the period March – August 2022. For this, a methodology was applied from the qualitative approach with an inductive method from the particular to the general, the temporal scope was synchronous because we analyzed it over a period of six months, in order to understand a social phenomenon that is the job insecurity of Venezuelan migrants in the informal sector in the city of Cuenca, The tool used to collect information was the semi-structured interview, the Venezuelan interviewees from the informal sector were randomly chosen through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. The characteristics of job insecurity were analyzed and which were the most frequent in Venezuelan migrants within the informal sector of the city of Cuenca. It was also possible to identify the main inequalities, inequities, discriminations, exploitations and harassment experienced by Venezuelan migrant women and Venezuelan migrant men in relation to their status or situation of mobility in the informal sector, and how they are violated from a gender perspective. Finally, it was possible to analyze how this influences in a personal and family way and how it affects their biopsychosocial health.

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