Historia y Geografía-Tesis de Pregrado

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La Fotografía como recurso didáctico para el aprendizaje crítico de la Historia en 3 BGU en el Colegio Benigno Malo
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2026-02-04) Chávez Llangari, Erika Pamela; Morales Ochoa, Mónica Jessenia; Montes Sánchez, Esperanza Macarena
The learning of history has been characterized by presenting the facts of the past through the repetition of dates and events, which represents a challenge for teachers who are oriented to the use of innovative, interdisciplinary and participatory didactic resources that allow students to develop more critical learning inside and outside the classroom. Thus, it is necessary to implement innovative didactic resources that stimulate the learning of history. In reaction, the present degree work is based on the proposal of a didactic guide that can be used in the third year of high school through the use of photography; which could expand the capacity of visual analysis and generate a historical empathy in students, as main actors of the critical analysis of historical facts. A quantitative methodology will be used, based on critical pedagogy, it is expected that the didactic guide based on photographs responds to a need for innovative didactic resources and its relationship with the development of critical skills of students with respect to historical events experienced in the country and its possible application in the curriculum of the third year high school students of the Benigno Malo School.
La Misión Luterana Sudamericana de Noruega: Proyecto educativo en las comunidades kichwas cañaris (1968-1995)
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-12) García Rosado, Naomi Maricel; Arteaga Auquilla, María Teresa
In 1966, the Assembly of the Norwegian SANTAL Mission authorized the beginning of evangelistic work in South America, starting with Ecuador. This gave rise to the South American Lutheran Mission of Norway (MLSN), which by the late 1960s had established itself in the province of Cañar, specifically in the Kichwa Cañari communities of El Tambo and Juncal. Its purpose was to establish a church and address basic needs in health, agriculture, communication (through radio), education, and local organization, within territories that had been historically excluded. This study focuses on the impact of that mission in the educational field, particularly the creation of institutions and the tensions that arose from introducing a new religious worldview. The research follows a qualitative methodology based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in evangelization, the Alfalit literacy program, the Luz del Mundo Boarding School, and the Mushuk Kawsay Educational Unit. These sources help to understand how these initiatives were implemented and how spirituality became integrated into educational processes. The analysis is approached from historical, pedagogical, and social perspectives, considering the interaction between the mission and the local community. This study seeks to document a little-explored experience in the province of Cañar, specifically regarding the role of Lutheran Protestantism in indigenous education. Ultimately, it aims to provide new insights into the relationship between school and the Kichwa Cañari community from 1968 to 1995.
Mirada arqueológica e histórica de la alimentación cañari
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-14) Nariguanga Mocha, Eddy Leonardo; Novillo Verdugo, Miguel Ángel
This thesis aims to analyze the food practices of the Cañari culture (prehistoric past) through an interdisciplinary approach that combines archaeological methodology, including systematic prospection and the analysis of cultural materials, with documentary ethnohistorical analysis. The research focuses on the El Pailón site, located in the Sígsig canton, Ecuador, considered a natural area that offers a new perspective on lesser-studied ancient Cañari settlements, particularly regarding agricultural production and the management of local resources. Drawing on accounts from colonial chroniclers and archaeological findings, food practices are reconstructed as cultural expressions rich in symbolism, hierarchy, and identity. The Cañari diet included maize, potatoes, quinoa, and guinea pig, prepared through complex techniques and preserved using methods such as chuño and charqui. These foods not only nourished the body but also created connections with nature, ancestors, and the social order. The archaeological prospection at El Pailón revealed ceramic, botanical, and lithic remains that reflect culinary, ritual, and everyday activities. Despite material limitations, the findings reveal a culture deeply connected to its environment and structured around reciprocity and spirituality. Lastly, the study reflects on the transformations and continuities of food practices after the conquest, recognizing food as a living archive of memory, resistance, and cultural continuity in the southern Ecuadorian Andes.
Diálogo intercultural de saberes frente al cambio climático: estudio de caso en la parroquia Santa Ana
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-10) Guanoquiza Sarango, Gina Maritza; Novillo Verdugo, Miguel Ángel
The 2017 risk report identifies climate change as the main risk for a global catastrophe. In Ecuador, for example, the exacerbated rainfall caused by El Niño has caused landslides and floods, killing thousands of people, and the social and economic costs are immeasurable. Several studies have shown that rural and indigenous communities maintain ancient knowledge about environmental care and resilience in the face of extreme weather events. For this reason, their contributions are essential for mitigating climate change. Therefore, policies aimed at environmental protection and conservation tend to be increasingly inclusive, incorporating approaches that recognize and value adaptation and mitigation strategies. In this context, this research aims to present and analyze local knowledge and practices as a response to climate change in the Sigsicocha community, Santa Ana parish. The theoretical lenses of political ecology and government environmental policies were used. A qualitative methodology was also employed, using techniques such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Although these techniques provide direct information, they must be balanced with bibliographic sources to counter data and strengthen the conclusions. In this way, an analysis of the practices and knowledge used by the population to confront the effects of climate change can be presented and an interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogue between local knowledge and current technical and theoretical foundations can be fostered.
La historieta como herramienta para el aprendizaje significativo de la Historia, en tercero de bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-06) Lima Tenecela, Jackeline Alexandra; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
At present, achieving meaningful learning in the teaching of history presents several difficulties when the traditional teaching method is maintained. This approach, instead of motivating students, reduces historical facts to a simple memorization exercise. Therefore, it becomes essential to seek new ways of approaching the subject, where the choice of materials and teaching strategies favor a critical understanding of the past. From this perspective, the comic strip is considered an innovative resource, since it offers an alternative way of teaching history by combining text and image. In this context, the present work proposes the elaboration of an educational cartoon as a didactic resource, which revolves around the study of women from Cuenca between 1777 and 1800, highlighting their spaces and activities according to their condition and ethnic origin: Creole, indigenous, mestizo and black slaves. In addition, this initiative seeks to contribute to the rescue of local history and to visualize social actors in contexts that are usually treated in a very general way in the official account of the history text. The research was developed from a qualitative approach, of a descriptive documentary type, through a systematic bibliographic review and critical analysis of historical sources, which allowed the construction of theoretical and historical frameworks. As a result, a didactic proposal was designed that includes a planning and activities oriented to the development of historical thinking and meaningful learning in third year high school students, through the use of the cartoon as an educational material.
La oralidad como una estrategia activa para la enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre la migración de los años 90 en tercero de Bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-24) Mora Cuji, Belén Paulina; Viñanzaca Padilla, Erika Belén; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
This paper analyzes the articulation between the constructivist pedagogical model and the application of active strategies in the teaching of history, highlighting oral communication as a central teaching resource. The paper reviews the theoretical contributions of authors such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Ausubel, who agree on the need to place the student as the protagonist of the educational process, prioritizing meaningful learning, cooperation, and real- world problem-solving. Through an oral communication-based strategy, implemented through participatory action research with third-year high school students, critical historical thinking, empathy, inquiry, and collective memory skills were promoted. The results show substantial improvements in the conceptual, emotional, and cultural understanding of migration as a historical phenomenon, as well as notable progress in the development of communicative, investigative, and social skills. oral memory, migration stories, historical empathy.
Representaciones educativas y comunicacionales del hombre y la mujer en la prehistoria ecuatoriana
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-05) Pesántez Morocho, Johanna Cecibel; Curay Calle, Juan Fernando; Novillo Verdugo, Miguel Ángel
The following research work, describes the educational and communicational representations of men and women in Ecuadorian prehistory, highlighting how these representations influence the way students perceive the roles of men and women in the school environment. A mixed approach with action research design was used, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to diagnose and reflect on the results. Also, surveys were applied to high school students of the “San Luis Beltrán” School and Jima School, also interviews with teachers to learn perceptions and opinions about the curricular contents. In addition, a documentary analysis of school texts and a hermeneutic analysis of articles from the newspaper “El Mercurio” (2008-2021) were carried out to examine how educational and media discourses represent gender roles in prehistory. The results show that school texts and the media perpetuate traditional stereotypes, presenting men as providers and women as caregivers or secondary figures. Likewise, a lack of updating in school contents was identified with respect to recent archaeological findings that show a greater participation of women in various social and economic activities. It was concluded that it is essential to review and reformulate gender representations in educational and media resources, proposing strategies that promote a more gender-sensitive education.
Práctica y transmisión del telar de cintura en Quingeo: registro desde las experiencias de los últimos tejedores
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-30) Sicha Chillogalli, Anabel Maricela; Novillo Verdugo, Miguel Ángel
This thesis analyzes the transformation of the backstrap loom practice in the parish of Quingeo, located in the Cuenca canton of Ecuador, based on the memories and experiences of its last remaining weavers. The main objective was to understand how these narratives reflect the technical, social, and cultural changes that this artisanal practice has undergone over time. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology with an ethnographic approach was employed, based on life histories of the weavers, semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and photographic documentation, primarily carried out in the community of Jabaspamba, where some textile knowledge still persists. Throughout the study, the elements that make up the backstrap loom technique were identified, along with the processes associated with spinning, the use of domestic space, the gender-based division of labor, and the factors that have contributed to its gradual disappearance. The findings reveal a gradual transformation in materials, tools, and commercial dynamics, influenced by factors such as migration, the schooling of weavers’ children, the disinterest of younger generations, and changes in consumption patterns. The study concludes that although the backstrap loom faces a serious threat of disappearance, it endures as a symbol of cultural memory and local identity. It also acknowledges the need to document this knowledge before its definitive loss and proposes, as a possible future line of research, the inclusion of the voices of those who abandoned the craft in order to gain a deeper understanding of the factors behind this rupture.
Gestión comunitaria del territorio-agua frente al Cambio Climático en Quilloac-Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-23) Criollo Coraisaca, Lizbeth Patricia; Palacios Tamayo, Estefanía Priscila
The objective of this research is to analyze how the inhabitants understand, organize and manage the water-territory of Quilloac, province of Cañar (Ecuador) in the face of climate change and, at the same time, the existing actions and conflicts at the time of managing it. To carry out this research, the approaches of the political ecology of agriculture and community management have been used, highlighting the importance of social cartography as a theoretical-methodological input. From a mixed methodology, the information obtained in the participatory mappings carried out by teachers, students and parents of the Unidad Educativa Intercultural Bilingue Quilloac, was georeferenced in Geographic Information Systems. Likewise, semi-structured interviews and a content analysis were applied, which shows that community actions in the face of climate change have an impact on the educational, social, economic and cultural spheres, based on the strengthening of the local Cañari identity. In addition, the páramo is highlighted as a community area of protection and conservation, since it allows the availability of water sources that generate water for the community. However, there are still economic and socio-cultural patterns that hinder the proposed objectives, generating tensions and even frictions within and between communities.
Usos y narrativas alimentarias: vida, salud y muerte en la comunidad indígena de Quilloac, Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-22) Chacha Cabrera, Richard Adrián; Ojeda Espinoza, Paola Elizabeth; Novillo Verdugo, Miguel Ángel
This study explores the complex relationship between food, plants, and procedures in contexts of health, pregnancy, illness, and death in the indigenous community of Quilloac, Cañar, through a process of identifying the main aspects that constitute the Andean worldview and cultural identity of this community. In this regard, using a qualitative approach and with the support of interviews conducted with residents of the aforementioned geographical area, an analysis was carried out to gather information on the practices and meanings surrounding food consumption in various scenarios of human life. Consequently, it is understood that food not only plays a biological role for people, but also represents emotions, knowledge, reciprocity, and cultural identity; all of which also encompasses various uses, narratives, and functions.
Incidencias de la expansión urbana por turistificación y cambios de uso del suelo en la parroquia Turi (2015-2024)
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-28) Heras Heras, Diego Leodan; Durán Maldonado, Keyla Tamar
In Ecuador, the city of Cuenca is undergoing a process of expansion towards the periphery, in which phenomena such as touristification are having an impact as they accelerate this process and pose challenges when planning urban growth towards rural parishes such as Turi. This parish, bordering the urban frontier of Cuenca, in addition to experiencing urban pressure in its territory, has problems related to tourism, since it has natural viewpoints. In this context, this study intend to analyze the impact of urban expansion due to tourism and changes in land use in the Turi parish from 2015 to 2024. The research process was conducted within a qualitative framework, based on literature review, semi-structured interviews, direct observation and the use of GIS as well as applications such as Atlas.Ti to obtain and analyze information. The results obtained focus on the processes of use, occupation and appropriation of space related to the process of touristification, a phenomenon that contributes to urban sprawl. This study made it possible to establish some problems related to the planning, management and implementation of tourism activities that produce changes in the physical space and land use in the rural parish of Turi.
La educación ambiental y el cambio climático: Experiencias desde la Unidad Educativa Intercultural Bilingüe Quilloac- Ciudad Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-24) Baculima Sánchez, Evelyn Salomé; Suqui Zhunio, Josseline Dayanna; Palacios Tamayo, Estefanía Priscila
Climate change represents a global challenge that affects the environment, health, and the economy. The exploitation of natural resources has caused droughts and biodiversity loss. In this context, environmental education emerges as a key theoretical framework to provide communities with knowledge and actions that promote a culture of environmental care. This study focuses on analyzing the teaching-learning process related to climate change and environmental education from the experiences of teachers and students at the Unidad Educativa Intercultural Bilingüe Quilloac, located 2.5 km from the center of the city of Cañar, which has a predominantly indigenous population. The methodology used is qualitative, employing tools such as direct observation, social mapping, and semi-structured interviews to understand the experiences of both teachers and students.The results show that environmental education is poorly integrated within formal education, limiting its impact. Students have basic knowledge about climate change and recognize changes in their environment; however, they have significant gaps in understanding the human-nature relationship. On the other hand, teachers possess knowledge influenced by their worldview and social commitment. Additionally, the use of the educational “Chakraa” (small farm) stands out as a teaching-learning space, although it is applied only at certain levels.
Transición educativa: De la escuela rural a la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-23) Gutama Muñoz, Gabriela Estefanía; Matute Segarra, Stephany Alejandra; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
Several transition processes occur within the education system; however, this study analyzed the transfer of students from general basic education (10th grade) from public rural schools located in the parishes of Santa Ana, Zhidmad, Tarqui, Nulti, and San Bartolomé (Sigsig) to higher education (1st year of high school) at the Manuela Garaicoa Millennium Educational Unit in Calderón. This educational transition process entails emotional, cultural, and economic changes, among others. While some students have managed to adapt to this process, others face significant challenges in adapting to the new environment, mainly due to the pedagogical, social, and cultural differences that exist between rural and urban contexts. For this reason, this research aimed to analyze the factors that motivated the transition process from public rural schools to Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón Millennium Educational Unit and what this process entails. To address this objective, a qualitative approach was applied, employing techniques such as bibliographic analysis, surveys, semi-structured interviews, and, finally, focus groups. From this, the factors involved in relocation were determined, such as educational quality, specialized academic offerings (accounting, computer science), university admission opportunities, quality of life, and limited academic offerings (from first grade to tenth grade). Furthermore, the limitations or challenges faced by students during this relocation were identified, such as mobility and transportation, financial resources, schedule changes, and social, cultural, and educational adaptation.
Cofradías en Cuenca (Ecuador): Un análisis de su impacto social y religioso desde 1603 hasta 1793
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-01) Andrade Rueda, Mónica Monserratt; Berrezueta Ordóñez, Xavier Marcelo; Montes Sánchez, Esperanza Macarena
This study analyzes the social and religious impact of brotherhoods in Cuenca, Ecuador, between 1603 and 1793. These lay associations played a fundamental role in organizing the spiritual life and social cohesion of the colonial city. Through processions, festivities, care for the sick, religious education, and the organization of mutual support networks, the brotherhoods consolidated themselves as vital structures in shaping the community fabric. The paper examines their hierarchical structure, their charitable functions, and their ability to adapt to political transformations such as the Bourbon reforms of the 18th century. It also highlights the differences between indigenous, highlander, Creole, and mestizo brotherhoods, revealing how these organizations operated both as mechanisms of social control and as spaces of resistance and syncretism. Using an interdisciplinary approach that articulates history, sociology, and cultural studies, the research shows that the brotherhoods were not only religious expressions, but also economic, political, and cultural actors that transcended their liturgical dimension to become agents of social transformation. In short, the brotherhoods of Cuenca reflect the complexities of a colonial society in which faith, power, and solidarity were deeply intertwined.
Participación comunitaria en el quehacer educativo rural: Caso Escuela de Educación Básica “Zoila Carmen Alvarado”
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-24) Ochoa Guevara, Anderson Josue; Quinde Loja, Nathaly Marisol; Durán Maldonado, Keyla Tamar
Rural schools in Azuay present a variety of challenges to achieve significant learning, which is why the Ministry of Education launched the UBP Model (Uni, Bi, Pluri) in order to reduce inequality gaps and strengthen the teaching and learning process. This model aims to generate a pedagogical educational framework under structured guidelines, principles and strategic axes that encompass community involvement. In institutions such as the Escuela de Educación Básica Zoila Carmen Alvarado, the aspect of community involvement has had an impact on the learning environments of the students; therefore, the present study aims to analyze the participation of the community of Atucloma in the development and operation of this institution. This research was developed from a qualitative methodological approach that included interviews and focus groups among the techniques applied. This analysis provided elements for understanding the functioning of rural schools in specific local contexts.
Saberes y prácticas agrícolas ante el cambio climático de las mujeres indígenas cañaris
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-23) Chillogalli Cornejo, Jennifer Paulina; Palacios Tamayo, Estefanía Priscila
The purpose of this research is to analyze how climate change affects the agricultural practices of Cañari women in the communities of Quilloac and the Tambo canton, in the province of Cañar. It is based on the recognition that indigenous Cañari women play a central role in the transmission of agricultural knowledge, although they have historically been invisible. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, theoretically grounded in feminist political ecology and Marxist feminism, which allowed us to understand the interrelationship between gender, class, territory, and the climate crisis. The methodology applied used semi-structured interviews, collective mapping, and direct observation. The results show that climate change has modified agricultural cycles, farming methods, and work schedules, directly affecting the work performed by women. However, they have developed adaptation and resistance strategies that reshape their knowledge, their ties to the land, and their daily practices. These actions are not only social but also political responses, which question, but are also framed within, the capitalist model.
San Pedro de Quingeo. Prospección arqueológica de los sitios aledaños al centro parroquial
(2014) Figueroa Sinchi, Javier Gerardo; Almeida Durán, Napoleón Vicente
The parish of San Pedro de Quingeo located southeast of the city of Cuenca, is one of the larger parishes in the province of Azuay, is declared cultural heritage on September 13, 2009, Quingeo in his history of etymology of its meaning arises from kiwchua word " Kinku " which means the winding zigzag shape of the river, another definition is similar to the city Quingey France called his name San Pedro related by their employer. The first chapter shows a view of human adaptation to the landscape, here we try , the historical context of our study , related to the geographical, climate, geology, geomorphology, flora, fauna , social environment , population, migration, health education communication and economic sector. In the ethnographic part is the second chapter, information on aspects which the parish takes in the cultural sphere, as an intangible heritage, referring to parties, crafts, everyday costumes, traditional food was sought. Finally an archaeological survey around the parish center, with a study of geographically defined areas, systematic excavations, soil stratigraphy, evidence collection, with an analysis of existing ceramic, place to establish typologies, decorations, corresponding to sites like of Quingeoloma, Loma Guaman, Bauteloma being within the parish center. Establishing a Joint Quingeo socialization at school, exposing our research findings while encouraging students not to lose their identity culturar rescuing their ancient customs and heritage sites.
LA TALLA DE MADERA EN LA CIUDAD DE CUENCA
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 1987) Tello Sarmiento, Julio René; Jaramillo Paredes, Mario
Bohemia y vanguardia en Cuenca en los años veinte
(2006) Martínez Donoso, María de los Angeles; Borrero Vega, Ana Luz
Nueva estrategia metodológica para la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales
(2004) Bravo Márquez, Tania; Durán Alemán, Silvio; Ríos Castro, Jacqueline; Carrasco Vintimilla, Manuel

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