Ingeniería Civil-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/36

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DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DEL ASFALTO AC 20 PRODUCIDO EN EL AUSTRO DEL ECUADOR CON ADITIVOS Y SIN ELLOS
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-04-20) Figueroa Martínez, Pablo Mateo; Méndez Dumas, María José; Mogrovejo Carrasco, Daniel Stuardo
Analyzing the physical properties of asphalt is a fundamental part of everyday work in road engineering, since these properties largely determine how well a pavement performs and how long it will last. In this study, AC-20 asphalt produced at the Esmeraldas State Refinery was examined, first in its original condition and then after adding different amounts of additive. To observe how the material responds to these changes, softening point, penetration, and flash and fire point tests were carried out, all of which are commonly used in binder quality control. In addition, technical documents and previous studies were reviewed to consider other relevant asphalt properties, such as viscosity, ductility, solubility, density, and API gravity. The results show that when the additive content is close to 0.2% - 0.8%, the asphalt exhibits a more stable and favorable behavior, which agrees with findings reported in the literature and suggests that this dosage may be more suitable than the 0.05% commonly used in many public infrastructure projects.
Análisis de alternativas para la mejora de la movilidad urbana mediante la evaluación del nivel de servicio: Comparación entre rotonda y semáforo en la intersección de la Av. Fray Vicente Solano y Av. 10 de Agosto, Cuenca.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-04-10) Ramón Brito, Jonnathan Paúl; Correa Barahona, Diego Estuardo
The city of Cuenca has experienced an accelerated growth of its vehicle fleet, resulting in increasing levels of congestion at urban intersections. This research evaluates alternative traffic control strategies at the intersection of Avenida Fray Vicente Solano and Avenida 10 de Agosto through a comparative analysis of operational performance and Level of Service (LOS) under the criteria established by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The study combines analytical modeling using SIDRA INTERSECTION and microsimulation with the open-source software Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO). The geometric characteristics of the intersection were assessed, and traffic volumes were obtained through manual counts during the selected peak hour and representative day. Additionally, the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) was estimated using adjustment factors, and traffic demand was projected over a 10- year horizon. Five analysis scenarios were defined: previous roundabout, current reduced roundabout, signalized intersection, widening to three lanes on Avenida Solano, and a grade- separated interchange. The results indicate that, under current conditions, most alternatives exhibit deficient performance (LOS F), whereas the grade-separated option presents the lowest delays and queue lengths, with a degree of saturation closest to unity and LOS C, making it the most efficient alternative. Under future traffic conditions, although all alternatives tend toward LOS F, the grade-separated option maintains LOS E, demonstrating the best relative performance and the greatest adaptability to traffic demand growth.
Análisis modal y pushover modal para la evaluación sísmica del edificio patrimonial del Antiguo Colegio Borja mediante una estrategia de modelización en la meso-escala.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-04-09) Molina Vélez, Erick Martín; Monge Lojano, Daniel de Jesús; García Erazo, Hernán Alfredo; Jiménez Pacheco, Juan Carlos
This thesis evaluates the seismic behavior of the Antiguo Colegio Borja, a heritage unreinforced masonry building, through modal analysis and modal-based nonlinear static (pushover) analysis, using a meso-scale structural model developed in STKO software. The building exhibits an irregular plan geometry, flexible floor and roof systems, and a lack of effective tying elements, conditions that significantly influence its dynamic response and seismic vulnerability. The modal analysis revealed a complex dynamic behavior, characterized by the absence of dominant global modes at low frequencies and the activation of local vibration modes associated with different building blocks, indicating a lack of global structural integrity. The results highlight the strong influence of flexible diaphragms on mass participation and the development of differential deformations among structural components. Modal pushover analyses showed a pronounced directional dependence of the seismic response. While the longitudinal direction exhibits higher strength and a more stable response, the transverse direction is governed by a brittle behavior, with early strength degradation and the activation of out-of-plane failure mechanisms concentrated at wall intersections. Based on the combined interpretation of modal and pushover results, a preliminary seismic vulnerability diagnosis was established, and general strengthening recommendations were proposed, aimed at improving kinematic compatibility and overall structural behavior while respecting the building’s heritage value.
Análisis de alternativas de control vial para la mejora de la movilidad urbana mediante la evaluación del nivel de servicio: Comparación entre rotonda y semáforo en la intersección Av. Solano y Av. Don Bosco, Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-04-09) Zhiña Villa, Diana Carolina; Murillo Peñafiel, Josué David; Correa Barahona, Diego Estuardo
This study evaluated the operational and environmental performance of the intersection of Av. Solano and Av. Don Bosco in Cuenca, known as the “Tres Puentes Roundabout,” in order to compare the current roundabout configuration with a signalized control alternative and to support a proposal for short- (2025), medium- (2030 and 2035), and long-term (2040) planning horizons. The methodology integrated two complementary approaches: deterministic modeling using SIDRA Intersection to estimate level of service (LOS), degree of saturation (v/c), and queue lengths; and stochastic microsimulation using SUMO to quantify time loss (timeLoss), waiting times, and environmental impacts through CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption. The results showed that, in 2025, the roundabout performed better than the signalized alternative (LOS D with 27.7 s/veh versus LOS F with 167.4 s/veh), highlighting the critical operation of the signalized scenario under the analyzed demand. By 2040, the roundabout tended to approach its operational limit (v/c ≈ 1.0), which justified evaluating a higher-capacity alternative (a gradeseparated interchange). This option maintained favorable operating conditions and reduced environmental impacts relative to the roundabout (≈17% lower emissions). In conclusion, signalization was not a viable control option for this node, and feasibility studies were recommended for a grade-separated solution targeting the 2040 horizon.
Análisis de Desempeño Sísmico y Estados de Daño del ‘Antiguo Colegio Borja’
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-04-07) Guamán Camas, Jonnathan Wilfrido; Guamán Chacha, Anthony Marcelo; Jiménez Pacheco, Juan Carlos
This research examined the issue of l egal uncertainty and the systematic violation of the right to the free development of personality for children and adolescents in Ecuador. Based on the analysis of the Amada Case (No. 1313-19-JP), it was identified that the regulatory vacuum in the Organic Law on Identity Management And Civil Data has led t o institutional violence, revictimization, and the exclusion of diverse childhood from the national registry system under adultocentric prejudices. The general objective was to establish a normative scenario for the administrative recognition of gender identity in minors, based on the principles of progressive autonomy and non-pathologization. A qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical design was used, supported by case studies, jurisprudential analysis, and a comparative law analysis that integrated the legislations of Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Spain and Norway. The results demonstrated that administrative and non-pathologizing models more effectively guarantee human dignity and the best interests of the child compared to mandatory judicialization. It was concluded that Ecuador requires a transition t oward a gradual system based on age ranges that eliminates clinical requirements and transfers conflict resolution to technical administrative bodies, avoiding judicial delays that hinder the effective enjoyment of fundamental rights.
Capacidad sísmica de edificaciones modernas de mampostería confinada típicas de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-24) Labanda Cuji, Heinz Guillermo; Mejía Reinoso, Wilson Fernando; Jiménez Pacheco, Juan Carlos
The growth of confined masonry housing in the city of Cuenca, developed without technical supervision or compliance with building regulations, increases its vulnerability to seismic hazard. This research conducts a study on the seismic capacity of two confined masonry dwellings representative of the urban area of Cuenca. The methodology included the collection of geometric and typological information through cadastral databases and field surveys, the execution of rebound hammer tests to characterize concrete strength, and a bibliographic review of the mechanical properties of masonry. Based on this information, two two-story typologies were defined: square house (VC) and rectangular house (VR). For the analysis, macro modeling and nonlinear static pushover analysis were performed using the 3D Macro software, evaluating masonry quality, concrete quality, and ultimate drifts. The results show that dwellings built with solid brick masonry (VM) achieve a base shear capacity between 3 and 3.5 times higher than those constructed with hollow brick masonry (VH). However, hollow brick dwellings exhibit greater deformation capacity, with increases ranging from 17% to 23% compared to solid brick dwellings. It was established that the seismic response is predominantly governed by masonry properties and failure drifts, while concrete quality has a limited influence, approximately 5%, on base shear capacity. Finally, damage thresholds were defined based on bilinear idealizations in accordance with the NTC-18 standard.
Estudio de la influencia de técnicas de reforzamiento en la capacidad sísmica de una edificación típica de ladrillo del Centro Histórico de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-25) Arévalo Abril, Bryam Sebastián; Peralta Chuchuca, Bryant Mauricio; Jiménez Pacheco, Juan Carlos; García Erazo, Hernán Alfredo
This thesis evaluates the influence of various retrofitting techniques on the seismic capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, using a representative building from the Historic Center of Cuenca (CHC) as a case study. The research is based on a rigorous literature review covering theoretical principles, experimental evidence, and regulatory frameworks both local (NEC-SE-RE) and international (ASCE/SEI 41-23, FEMA 356, and Eurocode 8 Part 3) related to the intervention and strengthening of URM buildings. Considering structural efficiency, as well as technological and economic feasibility, two retrofitting techniques were selected: ferrocement jacketing and the use of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites. The building was then modeled using STKO, an advanced graphical interface for OpenSees, through a macro-modeling approach that enabled the simulation of its structural behavior. Subsequently, a nonlinear static pushover analysis was carried out to obtain and compare seismic capacity curves before and after retrofitting. The results show significant improvements in strength, stiffness, and ductility, along with a reduction in failure thresholds and expected damage levels. In conclusion, the application of contextually appropriate retrofitting techniques, adapted to the historical and seismic characteristics of Cuenca, proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing the structural performance of heritage buildings; moreover, the study underscores the need to update local regulations to incorporate more precise and specific assessment and rehabilitation procedures for this type of construction.
Evaluación automatizada de redes viales mediante inteligencia artificial: desarrollo, validación y análisis de efectividad
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-23) Ortega Herrera, Juan Pablo; Pérez Quezada, Pedro Remigio; Mogrovejo Carrasco, Daniel Estuardo
This research developed an automated system for evaluating flexible pavements in Cuenca, utilizing the YOLOv8m architecture and Machine Learning techniques. The study addressed the subjectivity and high resource consumption associated with traditional manual inspections, proposing an objective and efficient solution. An international database of 18,000 images (Japan, China, and the USA) was adapted, achieving a superior generalization capacity that allowed the identification of local distresses with a technical accuracy of 91.54%. The system integrated tracking algorithms to correct duplicate distress counts, linking computer vision directly with VDOT standards to generate automated Excel reports featuring CCI indices and maintenance proposals. Statistical validation yielded a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 20.92% and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 9.93 points, placing the model within a "Reasonable Forecast" range according to Lewis's scale. Notably, a 75% agreement was reached on the suggested "Total Reconstruction" maintenance action, validating its utility for budgetary decision-making. The most significant impact was operational efficiency, achieving a 98.6% reduction in processing times (from 45 minutes to 38 seconds per kilometer). It is concluded that the model not only emulates technical judgment but also standardizes it and ensures auditable reports, establishing itself as a
Ubicación de sensores dispersos para la reconstrucción (SSPR): Caso de precipitaciones en el Ecuador Continental
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-06) Pulla Vanegas, Daniel Hernán; Mendoza Sigüenza, Daniel Emilio
Climate studies require robust and precise measurements, essential for developing reliable models that support decision-making. However, the design of station location networks is often based on expert criteria and constrained by economic limitations. To support this task, tools that identify main climatic patterns are essential, allowing the abstraction of spatiotemporal variability on a monthly scale. To this end, the Sparse Sensor Placement for Reconstruction algorithm was applied to 44 years of monthly precipitation data from continental Ecuador (1981–present). First, the complete sequence of precipitation images was used to identify 98 optimal locations that reconstruct variability with acceptable error according to applied exact and heuristic methodologies. Subsequently, monthly subsets were analyzed to identify seasonal and decadal variability. Additionally, clustering was applied to reduce seasonal sensors to 98 representative centroids. Two main results are highlighted: (1) Frequently, centroids replicate the spatial distribution of points from the complete analysis; and (2) integrating monthly centroids with efficient points optimizes SSPR reconstruction and, by proposing new locations, outperforms conventional methods. SSPR proves useful for identifying dominant climatic patterns and proposing efficient monitoring sites. Furthermore, clustering emerges as a complementary tool to expand monitoring density. Finally, almost all monitoring points are located outside the Andean region, suggesting further analysis of the interaction among coastal, Amazonian, and Andean climatic flows.
CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN EL SECTOR RURAL DE CUENCA, CASO DE LOS SISTEMAS COMUNITARIOS “TIERRAS BLANCAS” Y ‘CONCHAN DEL MILAGRO’ DE LA PARROQUIA DE EL VALLE
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Sanizaca Calle, Aldo Xavier; Sigcha López, Fausto Nicolas; Idrovo Murillo, Diego Benjamín
In the canton of Cuenca, some rural communities have their own autonomy, which allows them to adequately manage their resources and generate a response to the needs of their population. One of these needs is the supply of drinking water to their beneficiaries. The drinking water supply systems that serve the communities “Conchan de Milagros” and “Tierras Blancas”, belonging to the parish “El Valle”, require maintenance and redesign interventions to improve treatment efficiency. The present work includes an evaluation of the quality of the water supplied in the communities, by taking samples for analysis, inspection of the elements that make up the system through field visits and the redesign of the drinking water treatment plant. The existing infrastructure has been considered. In the case of small communities, a socialization was carried out with each of the beneficiaries in order to gather suggestions, opinions and common problems, seeking solutions to them. Once all the information was collected, a redesign of a slow filter for the community of “Conchan de Milagros” and the design of a slow filter for the community of “Tierras Blancas” were proposed, together with the construction budget.
ANÁLISIS DE AGUAS NO CONTABILIZADAS EN EL SISTEMA DE AGUA POTABLE DEL BARRIO TRES DE MAYO MEDIANTE MACROMEDICIÓN POR ULTRASONIDO
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-26) España Medina, Daniel Andrés; Carrillo Serrano, Verónica Margarita
In Ecuador, one of the most common problems among drinking water systems is non-revenue water, which represents the loss of water resources during the distribution and supply processes. This phenomenon generates significant economic and environmental impacts, such that water losses are estimated to be between 50% - 60% in our country. Given the seriousness of this problem, the aim is to quantify the unaccounted-for water in an urban area of the city of Cuenca known as Barrio Tres de Mayo (Rio Amarillo). For this purpose, Ultrasonic bulk water metering will be used, using the water entering the system, the registered consumption of users with meters and the estimated consumption of users without drinking water meters.
Evaluación Hidráulica Sanitaria de la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable de la Comunidad de Guachún-Paute
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2025-10-17) Chicaiza Quilli, Erika Fernanda; Garay Villavicencio, Karen Tatiana; Vázquez Guillen, Gabriela Belén; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
This study evaluated the hydraulic and sanitary efficiency of the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in the community of Guachún, located in the Paute canton, Ecuador. The research addressed the need to ensure the quality of water intended for human consumption, within the framework of optimizing water resources and protecting public health. A technical methodology was applied, which included the physical, chemical, and microbiological characterization of water under various climatic conditions, along with a hydraulic analysis of the units comprising the conventional treatment system. Parameters such as retention times, velocity gradients, and flow rates were analyzed through practical tests, operational records, flow measurements, jar tests, and tracer studies. The results showed a significant improvement in the quality of treated water, particularly in the reduction of color and turbidity, with many parameters meeting current regulatory standards. However, the study also identified the need for maintenance and optimization of certain infrastructure components. In conclusion, it was determined that the Guachún DWTP requires more efficient management, involving both preventive and corrective actions to strengthen the system and ensure better quality drinking water for the population.
Evaluación de patologías, propuestas de rehabilitación estructural y plan de mantenimiento: Aplicación a una vivienda multifamiliar en la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Tello Benavidez, Patricio Alexander; Mogrovejo Carrasco, Daniel Estuardo
Reinforced concrete and confined masonry structures are designed to meet functional and structural requirements throughout their service life; however, pathologies originating from construction or design deficiencies can arise, which affect their performance and increase maintenance costs over time. This situation was evident in the building under study, which, after 25 years of service, presented several pathological problems, particularly due to a floor plan configuration that increased seismic vulnerability and the continuous exposure of the posterior area to weathering. Semi-destructive and non-destructive tests were conducted to evaluate the property, analyzing its structural behavior under permanent, variable, and accidental loads, with the support of ETABS structural analysis software. In addition, compliance with the minimum requirements established by current regulations was verified. Based on these results, a series of interventions were proposed to rehabilitate the building and ensure the safety and functionality of its occupants. Finally, a periodic maintenance plan was recommended, and a reference budget was presented for the selected rehabilitation solution.
Análisis de viabilidad técnica y diseño del interceptor para la nueva ubicación de la PTAR para el centro parroquial de Santa Ana
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-25) Quinde Peralta, Maite Cristina; Sánchez Cordero, Esteban Remigio
This thesis presents a technical feasibility analysis and the design of an interceptor for a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for the parish center of Santa Ana, Ecuador. Preliminary studies of the intervention area are included, such as its geographical description and the current state of the sewer system, with a focus on the existing wastewater treatment plants in the El Cementerio and Los Laureles sectors. The study outlines the key design parameters, such as population projections, water demand, and wastewater contributions, as well as the hydraulic criteria used for sizing the sanitary collector. Additionally, flood hydrographs were developed for various rainy-season scenarios and analyzed through hydraulic simulations using the SWMM software. Finally, the definitive design drawings of the interceptor are presented, offering a comprehensive proposal aimed at improving sanitation conditions within the community.
Análisis comparativo de transitorios en una chimenea de equilibrio con orificio y una chimenea de equilibrio de sección compuesta
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Villavicencio Fernández, Manuel Alejandro; Reyes Zuña, Doménica Giselle; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
This study presents a comparative analysis of the hydraulic behavior of two surge tank configurations—a surge tank with an orifice and a composite-section surge tank—under transient flow conditions caused by sudden valve closures and openings. A numerical-iterative procedure based on the rigid water column model is employed to simulate flow dynamics and piezometric level oscillations within the surge tanks. Both configurations are evaluated through critical scenarios adapted to specific hydraulic conditions, derived from a case study located in Ecuador. The methodology includes the definition of hydraulic and geometric parameters for each surge tank type, accounting for variations in the orifice diameter and the upper widening of the composite section. Key variables associated with transient phenomena, such as water level oscillations, stabilization times, and amplitude of fluctuations during the events, are analyzed. This work aims to provide clear technical criteria for selecting the appropriate surge tank configuration based on the operational characteristics of the hydraulic system and flow conditions, thereby contributing to the efficient and safe design of pressurized conduits in regions with high topographical complexity.
ANÁLISIS DE LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN EL SECTOR RURAL DE CUENCA, CASO DE LOS SISTEMAS COMUNITARIOS “CARMEN DEL CONCHÁN” Y “ CONCHAN DEL CISNE” DE LA PARROQUIA DE EL VALLE
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-25) Carchi Fernández, Wendy Cristina; Peñaloza Ganán, David Herman; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
This paper analyzes the water quality and technical condition of the community water supply systems “Carmen del Conchan” and “Cisne del Conchan”, located in the parish of El Valle, canton Cuenca, province of Azuay. Currently, the evaluation of community systems is based on the level of coverage and quantity of water supplied, which generates systems with technical deficiencies, leaving fundamental aspects such as quality in the background. In addition, the urban-rural gap generates neglect in terms of updating and validating information, which delays development processes in rural areas. This paper analyzes the current status of community systems in terms of water quality, i.e., the analysis and evaluation of treatment and disinfection systems, but also of distribution and catchment systems. With this, technical solutions adapted to the conditions of each community are proposed, and with them, the efficiency of filtration systems as a treatment process is evidenced, as well as the importance of making known the need for a disinfection system to improve the conditions of drinking water. Finally, it is identified that the values of endowment established by the current standard in the country tend to be high compared to the results obtained in this study, which leads to the oversizing of the technical solutions in civil works. This situation implies an increase in investment costs for the beneficiary communities. Therefore, it is considered essential to update the information at the rural level for the development of more efficient and sustainable designs in future research and projects.
Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario para la comunidad de Sigsihuayco, de la parroquia Honorato Vásquez del cantón Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Vintimilla Calle, Abraham; Carrillo Serrano, Verónica Margarita
This work, "Sanitary Sewer Design for the Community of Sigsihuayco, Honorato Vázquez Parish, Cañar Canton," proposes an alternative design for a sanitary sewer system for the community. In this context, it is presented that the community does not offer this basic service, which represents a serious lack of attention from the authorities towards the population due to existing health problems for the residents and the well-being of the area. Therefore, an alternative solution is proposed for this problem. This work includes a preliminary study of the area, a characterization of the community and its current situation, which was compiled from the various sources of information used, to provide an alternative sanitary sewer design with its different units and sections. A budget for this alternative was also developed based on current trends. For the design, the knowledge acquired during the program was used, along with the recommendations of the various strict national standards. The budget study recommends using PVC as the primary materials for the proposed collector pipes and residential connections, and concrete as the inspection wells. This provides a solid proposal with a detailed description of the community, unit design, construction budget, and system plans.
Factibilidad técnica para los usos del agua de lavado de las unidades de la planta de potabilizadora de Tixán - Fase 1
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Cumbe Hurtado, Diego Fernando; Alvarado Martínez, Andrés Omar
This research will evaluate in a first phase the technical feasibility of reusing wash water from the Tixán Drinkable Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) in Cuenca, Ecuador, as an option to optimize the use of water resources in the face of growing climate challenges and prolonged periods of drought. This study will focus on the characterization of the clarified effluents from the washing of decanters and filters. Laboratory analyses were carried out on different dates to determine key parameters, considering the DWTP characteristics and comparing them with the limits established in Ecuadorian regulations. The results indicate that most parameters are within the permissible limits and that the plant has the adequate processes for their treatment; the lead concentrations could suggest the need for a prior treatment. Several options for the treatment of the wash water at the plant were studied, proposing a feasible solution for its reconditioning. The recoverable water volume could cover a considerable population demand, demonstrating the high potential of this practice in the optimization of water resources.
Análisis de transitorios para el diseño o evaluación de una columna piezométrica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Torres Delgado, Emily Maritza; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
In mountainous areas, hydraulic structures such as galleries, low-head tunnels, and pressure pipelines face significant risks associated with hydraulic transients caused by sudden changes in flow regimes at control points (valves, pumping equipment, and turbines). These changes result in abrupt pressure variations, leading to phenomena such as water hammer and undesirable oscillations. The effects include damage to joints, reverse leaks, structural collapses in tunnels, and fluctuations in reservoir levels. To mitigate these impacts, the design and use of piezometric columns and surge tanks are required. The theoretical framework offers various methodologies and models, both empirical and theoretical, to analyze these phenomena. However, an integration of methodologies and procedures that enable a standardized approach to design and evaluation for projects has not yet been developed. This creates uncertainty in review, evaluation, and alternative selection procedures, impacting the implementation and cost of the works. In this context, based on a review of theoretical aspects and fundamental technical criteria, an evaluation of design procedures and best practices for sizing piezometric columns and surge tanks has been proposed. Through the application of a case study, the aim is to contribute to the development of a methodology that standardizes aspects related to review and evaluation.
Análisis exploratorio de modelos guiados en datos informados por la física como modelos subrogantes en problemas de mecánica de sólidos no lineales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-25) Aguilar Valarezo, Emerson Roberto; Merchán Avila, Daniel Esteban; Samaniego Alvarado, Esteban Patricio
This work presents a proof of concept based on a multiscale data-driven (DD) approach to modeling the elastoplastic behavior of materials without using explicit constitutive laws. Two configurations are studied: a one-dimensional case (bar) and a two-dimensional case (plane strain), considering both hardening and softening plasticity. At the one-dimensional and twodimensional microscopic scales (with hardening), synthetic data were generated for the material under tensile loading and for the unit cell subjected to shear loading, respectively. These stress-strain data were fed into a DD model which, at the macroscopic scale, solved the problem without resorting to a constitutive model. Adequate convergence was achieved in both hardening cases (one-dimensional and two-dimensional). However, in the onedimensional softening case, increasing the number of elements (from 3 to 5) caused the softening model to fail to achieve convergence. In the two-dimensional softening case, a Deep Ritz-type variational model was used to perform virtual shear experiments on the unit cell. These experiments used Dirichlet-type boundary conditions and the equilibrium equations of continuum mechanics to obtain data on material behavior. The 2D softening results showed that the DD model presents difficulties in solving the problem, highlighting the need for methodological adjustments in scenarios with strain localization. MATLAB and Python were used alongside deep learning libraries for model training. The study demonstrates the potential of the DD approach to model complex materials without requiring an explicit constitutive formulation.

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