Ingeniería Civil-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/36

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Abastecimiento de agua potable para la parroquia Dug Dug de Paute
(1991) Argudo Calderón, Alberto; Cáceres Villavicencio, Fernando; Oramas Torres, Fabián; Ruilova Sánchez, Cornelio
Análisis de los factores que influyen en la variabilidad de precios unitarios en un presupuesto, aplicado a la construcción de Unidades Educativas del Milenio
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-08) Bernal Andrade, Janneth Guadalupe; Silva Bernal, Marcos Alexander; Avilés Ordóñez, Juan Marcelo
Significant differences have been detected between the budget offered and the budget executed in the construction of Millennium Educational Institutions (UEM). In this research, 24 UEM have been chosen with information of their budget offered, of which 6 report their Unit Price Analysis (APU), allowing the analysis of the factors that intervene in the variability of their Unit Price (PU). By applying Pareto's law, the items that directly influence the budget of the 6 UEM with APU are selected. With this, a standardized database is created, conformed with 132 items from the civil branch. Through confidence intervals, it is obtained that 29 items present irregularities greater than 60% in the PU offered. Also, 16 additional items are considered that directly influence the final budget of each UEM. According to the APU, the materials component causes price dispersion between UEM in 65% of the cases, and the labor component in 27% of the cases, while, compared to the Optimal Price (OP), the materials component causes a price difference in 54% of the cases, and the labor component in 46% of the cases. The reported price for inputs causes 71% of the differences within the materials component, while a misallocation of throughput to workers causes 63% of the variations in the labor component. The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that 47% of the items do not vary respect to time, so the differences in the PU offered are due to a deficient update of costs; 53% of the items show a cost relationship over time, however, the growth rates of their material, determined through Construction Price Indices, do not follow the same trend as the growth rate of the item. The one-way ANOVA method, applied to 14 items, shows that 50% of them present a cost difference graphically reflected by distributions with discrepant variances between groups and by relatively small P values. When comparing the budgets of the 6 UEM, with respect to those proposed for each one of them, a maximum value of total over-cost of 21% and a percentage of total under-cost of 18% is obtained, having a total net over-cost of up to 16%. From this, it is verified that there are differences in the cost of inputs and their quantification, as in assignments of labor and their throughputs.
Análisis de transitorios para el diseño o evaluación de una columna piezométrica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Torres Delgado, Emily Maritza; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
In mountainous areas, hydraulic structures such as galleries, low-head tunnels, and pressure pipelines face significant risks associated with hydraulic transients caused by sudden changes in flow regimes at control points (valves, pumping equipment, and turbines). These changes result in abrupt pressure variations, leading to phenomena such as water hammer and undesirable oscillations. The effects include damage to joints, reverse leaks, structural collapses in tunnels, and fluctuations in reservoir levels. To mitigate these impacts, the design and use of piezometric columns and surge tanks are required. The theoretical framework offers various methodologies and models, both empirical and theoretical, to analyze these phenomena. However, an integration of methodologies and procedures that enable a standardized approach to design and evaluation for projects has not yet been developed. This creates uncertainty in review, evaluation, and alternative selection procedures, impacting the implementation and cost of the works. In this context, based on a review of theoretical aspects and fundamental technical criteria, an evaluation of design procedures and best practices for sizing piezometric columns and surge tanks has been proposed. Through the application of a case study, the aim is to contribute to the development of a methodology that standardizes aspects related to review and evaluation.
Análisis numérico para la determinación de eficiencias hidráulicas en diferentes configuraciones geométricas de floculadores tubulares como una tecnología potencial sostenible para la provisión de agua potable en comunidades en desarrollo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-18) González Jarrín, Paúl Esteban; Gutiérrez Terreros, Juan Carlos; Sánchez Cordero, Esteban Remigio
Drinking water is a right to which not the entire population has access, the inequality of economic distribution by governments towards urban and rural areas forms a gap in social and economic development, with the numbers of malnutrition, illiteracy and health being the ones that confirm this problem. Access to drinking water is not viable in areas with small towns, or communities that are difficult to access due to the large investments of money and space that are needed in the construction of a drinking water treatment plant, thus creating the need to solve these problems with alternatives that reduce costs and space. One of the ways to reduce the cost and space required for the construction of a water treatment plant is in the flocculation area where PVC pipes can be used as a flocculator space instead of the common asbestos and cement structures, the analysis of the operation of this alternative was carried out within the "Bayas" drinking water treatment plant where horizontal and vertical orientation flocculators were assembled, which were used for the analysis of the flocculants, retention times, length and diameters of the pipes. of the flocculators, sedimentation and chlorination space that must be different from those currently used in the Berries plant. These flocculators were designed to meet the demand of 1 l/s in a 110 mm diameter pipe where flocculation was achieved without problems in vertical and horizontal flocculators. From this test different doubts arose about the response of these flocculators to the demand of different flows, for which tests of different flows were carried out in different lengths and different diameters of pipes, placing pipes of 75 and 110 mm in horizontal flocculators and 63 and 110 mm in vertical flocculators. A numerical evaluation was carried out using the WaterCad software, thanks to which the different hydraulic patterns inside the pipes were known and how they participate in the flocculation process, determining different ways to correct the aspects that do not comply with the recommended parameters in terms of time of retention, circulation speed and speed gradient that ensure correct flocculation. The input data were the diameters of the pipes and the lengths of the tubular skeleton assembled on site, with this information a virtual modeling was carried out in WaterCad where it was shown that for horizontal flocculators the flow rate of 0.25 and 2 l/s does not have the capacity to be flocculated so apart from the 75 and 110 mm pipe it is necessary to place a third 63mm pipe with a length of 70 meters to treat the flow rate of 0.25 l/s in addition to lengthening the 110mm pipe an additional 53.3 meters to the existing to cover the flow of 2 l/s, and in vertical instead the flow of 0.5 and 2 l/s do not meet the recommended parameters and even in vertical flocculators there are negative pressures in the flows of 1 and 2 l/s what which generates that the water does not complete the circuit, the vertical flocculator does not require changes in diameter but in the same way the 63 mm one must be lengthened 21.4 meters to cover the flow rate of 0.5 l/s and the 110mm diameter one is lengthened 69.2 mm to treat the flow of 2 l/s and to avoid negative pressures, the 63 mm pipe does not intervene in the flocculation of the flows of 1 and 2 l/s. These corrections are suggested based on the WaterCad analysis where the functionality of the current and suggested models was verified, in the same way the efficiency analysis showed that the initially built models are better than the recommended ones and that the horizontal flocculator is more efficient than the vertical flocculator
Análisis y reforma geométrica de la intersección entre circunvalación sur y la vía Monay- Baguanchi
(2016) Jaramillo Gonzaga, Janela Carolina; Avilés Ordóñez, Juan Marcelo
In order to analyze the functionality of an intersection, an analysis was done by performing a traffic count and a topography survey. The topography was performed on a 200-meter radius, while the traffic count was done in all roundabout entering, on December 2015. For field data processing, the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) procedures were followed, in order to obtain: capacity, delays, and level of service of the intersection, for current and future volumes. For the projection of future traffic volume, until the year 2035, the Average Daily Traffic was determined; based on 2015’s fuel consumption data for Azuay’s automotive park. It was found that the roundabout’s current level of service is: F, and decreasing every five years. Therefore, geometric improvements were needed in order to enhance its level of service. Two solutions to the current congestion problems were posed. 1. Three Leaf Clover type interchange 2. Diamond shaped interchange with adjacent roundabouts on the northern and southern sides. The second option was chosen as the most viable option, and a geometric design was drawn in accordance to the Ecuadorian Road Normative. The levels of service for the proposed diamond interchange are better. .
Aplicación del método de elementos finitos fenómeno de pérdida de estabilidad de estructuras
(2010) Zárate Falconí, Juan Pablo; Pino Velázquez, Ángel Julver; Tamayo, Marcelo
Cálculo y diseño de un puente metálico para el sector de Balzain y de las vías de acceso
(1963) Arévalo Idrovo, Gerardo
Caracterización del comportamiento hidráulico de un tramo del río Calabí en el sector de Toma utilizando un modelo matemático
(2013) Espinoza Márquez, Patricio Armando; Vintimilla Rojas, Gustavo Enrique; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
The Project “Plan for the Efficient Use and Water Control in the Province of Los Ríos” (PACALORI) strives for the regularization for the water potential of this province, by implementing hydraulic structures to facilitate the use and distribution of water. Within these structures, a Calabí river bypass through direct intake is expected, located in the right hand margin. For the optimal design of said structures, a hydraulic behavior characterization of the River Calabí in the in the intake sector, has been established in the in the present study, using a mathematical model. Mathematical modeling has been performed with the software HEC-RAS and its extension HEC-GeoRAS developed to process georeferenced data. In developing the geometry of the Calabí river, 12 cross sections raised along the section being studied were used, for additional cross sections, a digital elevation model with base cartography at a scale of 1:10000 were used. In this thesis, a calibrated mathematical model of a section of the Calabí river comprised of the intake sector has been obtained, in which the discharge curve in the intake sector and floodplains for flow rates for return periods of 50 and 100 years was determined. These values were 426.78 and 458.73 hectares respectively.
Dotación de agua potable para la comunidad de el Quinche de la parroquia Chordeleg
(1989) Gárate Correa, René; Mejía Regalado, Iván; Rosas Castro, Carlos; Romero Jaramillo, Carlos
Estructuras laminares plegadas
(1968) Vintimilla Borrero, Marcelo; Rodas Andrade, Hernán
Estudio de los procesos de flujo en una obra de captación mediante experimentación en un modelo físico de escala reducida. Estudio para el proyecto hidrosanbartolo
(2012) Anguisaca Mejía, Marco Fabián; Maza Mogrovejo, Andrés Xavier; Rengel Barrera, Agustín; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
Estudio teórico y normativo para el cálculo mecánico de cargas en tuberías rígidas
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-31) Saldaña Ayala, Sebastián Alejandro; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
This degree project is about aa research to develop a practical design guide of mechanic external charges above rigid concrete buried pipes that work under gravity. This guide is based on the norm (UNE-EN 1295-1, 2021), keeping the design standards found into the Ecuadorian norms “INEN”. In the next chapter, there is a practical example to apply the information presented into the guide. The guide’s purpose is to improve and actualize the formulations developed by (Marston & Spangler, 1913). Besides, the guide set a specific methodology so that is not necessary to consult some authors to do the respective calculations. In the guide also is included some recommendations to make the correct pipes reception, installation and maintenance on site.
Estudio y diseño del alcantarillado sanitario de la parroquia rural de Paccha
(1988) Andrade Ochoa, Vinicio; Sarmiento Bermeo, Juan; Ordóñez M., Fabián
Evaluación de los resultados de diferentes funciones Likelihoods de la metodología GLUE aplicadas en la obtención de coeficientes de rugosidad para ríos de montaña
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-24) Encalada Romero, Carlos Germán; Sánchez Cordero, Esteban Remigio; Cedillo Galarza, Juan Sebastián
This thesis work compares the behavior of different likelihood functions of the GLUE methodology in the classification of roughness coefficients of mountain rivers (three river morphologies: Cascade, Plane Bed and Step-pool) obtained from models. Bibliographic research on likelihood functions used to obtain roughness coefficients on rivers was carried out, and then these functions were used to classify a set of modeled data using as comparison parameters values measured in the field. The results showed an almost similar behavior between likelihood functions with the exception of some cases that tend to validate roughness coefficients that differ considerably with the values measured in the field. Finally, it can be seen that a likelihood function, depending on the parameters that are incorporated, can be as simple as the researcher wishes, making the complex function excessively particular to the river being analyzed, limiting its applicability to other rivers with similar characteristics.
Evaluación de mezclas de hormigón simple fabricado con arenas de relave minero de la planta de tratamiento y beneficio “Matamoros”, del cantón Portovelo, provincia de El Oro
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-14) Espinoza Capelo, Erick Danilo; Ochoa Macancela, Marco Ignacio; Cruzat Contreras, Christian Américo; Mogrovejo Carrasco, Daniel Estuardo
Concrete is very important for the society's development, becoming one of the indicators of economic growth in countries. Being such an important material, improving its properties turns out to be a common concern today; this is one of the main reasons why people try reducing its cost and the impact that manufacture and extraction of the concrete constituents has on the environment. Giving better benefits that provide opportunities to meet the increasingly high-quality standards within the construction industry. The present thesis develops an investigation in which it is proposed to determine the influence of the use of waste material from the gold industry in the Zaruma-Portovelo mining district and the variation that this generates within the physical-mechanical properties of concrete. As a consequence, it is established that workability increases in mixtures with variation in the amount of cement and its compression strength is maintained; however, there is evidence of an increase in the samples with variation of sand. Abrasion resistance is affected in all samples and according to the quality classification based on the pulse speed test, also all samples show good performance. On the other hand, in the resistivity test, the behavior of all the samples before the penetration of chloride ions is moderate and high.
Evaluación hidrológica e hidráulica del Río Tomebamba tramo Balzay-Monay mediante modelación matemática del flujo en uni y bidimensional
(2019-10-25) Chimborazo Ochoa, José Emilio; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Mathematical modeling of water flow in rivers is a tool that helps us assess the capacity of a river for high flows and thus identify sites vulnerable to flooding. The study area includes the Tomebamba River; It is located in the city of Cuenca belonging to the province of Azuay. Three mathematical models were used: HEC HMS, HEC RAS and Iber and in conjunction with the GIS geographic information system, flood zones were defined for different return periods. The HEC HMS model was used to model the contributing basin and determine the output hydrograms for the return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, with peak flows ranging from 99.7 m^3/sg to 289.4 m^3/sg respectively for the smallest and largest return period. To make the hydraulic model in HEC RAS, previously with the Hec GeoRAS complement, the cross sections were defined, as well as 8 bridges existing in that section. In the Iber model, a 1 meter pixel DEM was used and the bridges were also entered as internal conditions in the program. Finally, the flood and velocity maps were created for the return periods analyzed and with the help of ArcGIS the flood areas were quantified.
Gerencia de Riesgos en un Proyecto de Construcción
(2004) Sinchi Toral, Jaime Xavier; Gonzáles Gamundi, María Dolores
Hidráulica y cálculo de estructuras especiales para plantas potabilizadoras de agua por un ordenador
(1987) Ochoa Arias, Paúl; Vélez Torres, Juan Carlos; Ordóñez Espinosa, Galo
Identificación de una metodología para medición de concentración de sólidos en suspensión en ríos de montañas: aplicación a la cuenca hidrográfica del Río Paute
(2008) Pacheco, Esteban; Rengel Barrera, Agustín
Manual práctico de evaluación patológica y control de la condición en estructuras de hormigón mediante ensayos no destructivos y semi-destructivos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-29) Ortega Palacios, André Mateo; Vanegas López, Juan José; Mogrovejo Carrasco, Daniel Estuardo
The passing of time produces concrete structure’s deterioration, this added to the lack of standards compliance or inefficient control of construction in Ecuador, endangers the integrity of both the structure and people. Structures suffer damages caused by different pathologies. In order to prevent important damages, and in some cases structural collapse, it is important to perform an accurate evaluation of the constructions. For the purpose of quantifying the damage, buildings are evaluated with tests that provide results that, with a subsequent analysis, establish technical information about the current state of the structure. In this manual, different pathologies and their origins are presented, so that the user has the knowledge and facility to identity them during a visual inspection. Solution trees are presented, they show a way to follow in the choice of tests for correct evaluation. Likewise, the procedures, uses, materials and analysis of results of the most common non-destructive and destructive tests in our region are concisely described. As part of the manual, a detailed example of a real deteriorated structure is presented, which uses all the chapters described in the manual, from the visual inspection that includes a preliminary phase of information and identification of pathologies, to the preparation of a technical report based on the analysis of the results obtained with tests.

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