Educación Inicial

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Técnicas grafoplásticas para desarrollar la motricidad fina de niños y niñas de cuatro a cinco años, mediante secuencias didácticas
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-06) Sancho Quito, María de los Ángeles; Izquierdo Molina, Anita Catalina
The present research work entitled Graph-plastic techniques for the development of fine motor skills in children aged four to five, through didactic sequences, The main objective was to propose sequential activities that allow the development of fine motor skills in boys and girls aged four to five years. through the application of graphoplastic techniques. The research is framed in a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory. Regarding the number of participants, there were five teachers with experience in the Initial Education level for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 20 years, in addition, they have a third-level degree in initial or preschool education. A semi-structured interview of eight questions was applied to the participants. In the information analysis process, a dialogue was held between the opinions of the participants with those of authors who know about the subject. In reference to the conclusions, the participants have extensive knowledge about graphoplastic techniques and their types, they are also aware of their importance at the initial education level, since they affect the development of fine motor skills, as well as the process reading and writing. In addition, it is concluded that the steps for the application of graphoplastic techniques start from simple movements to more complex ones.
El cuento motor como estrategia didáctica para desarrollar psicomotricidad gruesa en niños de 3 a 5 años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-06) Loja Sari, Melissa Paola; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
This research work is aimed to design a didactic sequence grounded on the application of motor stories in order to develop gross motor skills in children between 3 to 5 years of age. Thus, theory relevant to the importance of developing motor skills and motor story as an innovative and creative strategy that fosters active learning in infants is presented. To this end, a descriptiveexploratory qualitative methodological approach was used, hence, as a research tool, 10 semistructured surveys were applied to early-childhood education teachers from public and private schools in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, in order to know the strategies that are applied to develop gross motor skills -crucial information for the construction of the didactic sequence. The conclusions of the study show that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the motor story as a didactic strategy to work on motor skills. Consequently, designing a didactic sequence constitutes an appealing, creative and different way to strengthen this area because it has an interdisciplinary character. Finally, it is proposed a template to design activities aimed to develop skills for the body expression and motor skills scopes in the Early Childhood Education Curriculum (2014), as well as to enhance gross motor skills elements based on the application of motor stories giving two concrete examples for their implementation with children from 3 to 4 and from 4 to 5 years of age, taking into consideration their needs and interests.
Análisis comparativo de percepciones docentes sobre la implementación del proceso de transición educativa del subnivel preparatoria a básica elemental
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-06) Pesántez Sigua, Yajaira Gabriela; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
The present work on curricular integration aims to expose the importance of educational articulation between grades and the role of the educator in this situation, which implies changes and adaptability for five and six year olds who go through a transition process. Therefore, as a general objective of this study, it has been proposed to analyze the teachers' perceptions on the implementation of the transition process from the preparatory sub-level to basic elementary in Ecuador compared to another country with different legislation. To adequately understand how the need to investigate this issue arises, four chapters were developed, which describe the antecedents of the educational reforms in Ecuador and how they have influenced the continuity between the first and second grade; justifying the importance of establishing articulation programs for an adequate development of the students. In the following chapters, the fundamentals of transition, articulation, and the studies that demonstrate that these processes are essential for positive schooling are presented. Finally, the analysis is made between the perceptions of the teachers who work at these levels, conducting semi-structured interviews with twelve teachers from a public and a private institution in the city of Cuenca; thus establishing categories for comparison between Ecuadorian centers and with a Colombian study on the subject. The results allowed determining that the teachers' perceptions adhere to the theory, but their actions are different within each educational establishment regardless of the legislation
El teatro como estrategia didáctica para fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades sociales de niños de Educación Inicial y Preparatoria
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-06) Lazo Álvarez, Andrea Estefanía; Palacios Cordero, Mireya del Pilar
This monographic work focuses on theater as a didactic strategy from a perspective focused on the process and protagonist of the children in the development of theatrical activities, leaving aside the perfection of the final product. In this aspect, the theater becomes a didactic, and playful medium that respects the different learning rhythms of each of the children. In addition, this strategy is considered as a natural and spontaneous medium where dynamic spaces are developed that enhance children's creativity and imagination. Regarding the methodology implemented, it is qualitative, with a descriptive approach, since it allows understanding a social situation as a whole. By means of this work we try to demonstrate bibliographically the contribution of theater as a didactic strategy in the development of the social skills of infants, therefore, we proceeded to the elaboration of a didactic guide made up of a series of playful, creative and flexible activities focused on theater as a didactic strategy, with the purpose of improving and developing the social skills of infants at the kindergarten and high school levels. For the above-mentioned, it is recommended to use theater as a didactic strategy, since it significantly favors the development of the social skills of the infants.
Estrategias didácticas para desarrollar los procesos cognitivos en niños de Primero de Básica a través de la música
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-06) Picón Illescas, Karla Viviana; Izquierdo Molina, Anita Catalina
The purpose of this work about Didactic strategies to develop cognitive processes in children of first grade through music is to know how beneficial music is for children, both for school learning and for daily life, having as general objective to elaborate a proposal of didactic strategies based on music to develop cognitive processes in children of the first grade of public and private institutions of the city of Cuenca. The methodology used is qualitative, with a descriptive-exploratory approach, since it allows to know the importance of implementing music as a strategy in the classroom. The population consisted of six teachers, the technique for the gathering of information was by means of a semi-structured interview, as for the analysis of the data; first, the interviews were transcribed, the information obtained was categorized, having as results four categories: the cognitive processes that are developed with music, the benefits of music in children, didactic strategies, and the areas of development. Finally, it is concluded that at early ages it is necessary to involve children with musical aspects, since it allows the development of cognitive processes such as attention, concentration, memory, imagination, and creativity, resulting in an indispensable and effective element for learning, thus allowing an integral development of children
La evaluación del desarrollo del niño de 0 a 5 años desde la estimulación temprana y desde la Educación Inicial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-07) Bravo Ramírez, Judith Zuliana; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
The present descriptive-documentary research; was carried out to answer the question: Which is the difference in the conceptualization of the evaluation processes of the development of the child from 0 to 5 years old from Initial Education and Early Stimulation? With a qualitative focus, summarized the most relevant information and was analyzed. For the bibliographic search, secondary sources such as articles, qualitativequantitative research, guides, and undergraduate and doctoral theses, present in repositories and digital scientific journals, were considered as information gathering instruments. The study theoretically describes relevant aspects of the origin of Early Education and Early Stimulation as a basis for exposing the concepts, procedures, legal bases, techniques, and instruments used in both disciplines to evaluate child development. It is concluding that both disciplines have well-defined areas of intervention. However, it isn't possible to make a deep comparison of the subject because there is not enough information about the process applied in Early Stimulation in Ecuador looking for information from other countries. Finally, there is a need for the Early Education Curriculum to be under constant revision to guarantee that the integral development of infants.
El cuento como estrategia didáctica para fortalecer la conciencia fonológica en niños desde los 3 hasta los 5 años de edad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-07) Cáceres Carrión, Samantha Estefanía; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
The present work of curricular integration arose from the question: how to develop phonological awareness in children from 3 to 5 years old using the story as a didactic strategy, proposing the following general objective to solve it: to elaborate a didactic proposal that strengthens the development of phonological awareness in children of these ages, using the story as a didactic strategy. In order to fully comply with the proposed objectives, a bibliographical and theoretical review of the topics of interest: phonological awareness and the story as a didactic strategy was carried out in the first instance. Continuously, the methodology included semi-structured interviews with experts in children's literature and a focus group with early education teachers in the city of Cuenca. Based on the information collected and analyzed, a collection of six children's stories focused on strengthening phonological awareness was elaborated, using contextualized phonological activities in each story linked to the skills of the Early Education Curriculum, These were socialized with the children of the participating institutions, obtaining a positive result from the infants, because they responded adequately to the activity, showing enthusiasm and entertainment, demonstrating that the children's story is a didactic strategy that allows strengthening phonological skills in a playful and dynamic way
Educación sexual: percepciones, conocimientos y actitudes de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Inicial de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-07) Guamán Cabrera, Karen Patricia; Palacios Cordero, Mireya del Pilar
This investigation entitled Sexual Education: Perceptions, Knowledge and Attitudes of the Initial Education students at the University of Cuenca, is considered as the first approach and vision about Sexual Education that university students, who are studying to be educators of boys and girls between 0 and 6 years old, have on it. This research has been addressed from an exploratory descriptive study based on these three main categories: Perceptions, Knowledge and Attitudes about Sexual Education in childhood. Therefore, the study presents a qualitative approach, which collected the information from 16 semi-structured interviews carried out with 4 students from each semester of the Initial Education major at the University of Cuenca. The results show that the opinion and conception that students have on Sexual Education is assertive because it is considered necessary from the first stages of human formation. However, another of the obtained results demonstrates the deficiency of well-founded theoretical knowledge on the issues that surround Sexual Education in early childhood. It can lead to a gap when taking it into professional practice because although there is a positive predisposition, it is not theoretically known how to bring it to the reality of the classroom.
Orientaciones metodológicas para la educación ambiental en niños de 4 a 5 años desde los postulados de la Pedagogía Bosque escuela
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-07) Nivelo Gómez, Paola Cristina; Delgado Granda, Ana Liliana
This study proposes methodological orientations for ambiental environment in children between 4 to 5 years old throw the postulates of the forest-school pedagogy, showing as a sustainable pedagogical model for school and rural and urbans societies. This pedagogical model arises from important necessities to offer children nature as a gateway to learning. This with the purpose of connecting students with the environment through activities of manipulation, exploration, and interaction with nature that promote the value, respect, and care for the environment. This is a documentary work from a qualitative interpretative approach. Specialized repositories were used to collect the data, using key words through the application of search equations, in order to synthesize the theoretical, legal, and curricular foundations of the selected topic. The result was a series of theses, degree works, articles in indexed journals, and books whose authors clearly present information on the subject. In addition, official websites such as OMS, UNESCO, Ministerio de Ambiente del Ecuador y Ministerio de Salud de Ecuador were used. Likewise, as a primary source of information, an interview was conducted with a script of open questions to 2 experts in the methodology. It was concluded that environmental education from an early age is decisive for children to acquire values and habits for life. The forest-school pedagogy is based on the premise that learning should be meaningful and constructivist at all times, leaving behind the traditionalist school routine. As long as the child appreciates, values, knows, and understands his/her environment, it will be easier to make him/her an environmentally friendly person
El cuerpo como recurso de enseñanza de nociones básicas para niños de 3 a 5 años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-11) Zhagui Aucapiña, Daniela Isabel; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
The learning of basic notions must be developed at the first years of life, because the brain of children at that age are must flexible to be develop for that reason is important that the teachers implement different types of strategies that involves the body of the infants to develop their learnings. This research paper seeks to know what types of strategies are better for teachers to use to teach basic notions on children under three to five years old during the initial education, also the corporality is considered as a learning resource since it allows them to acquire knowledge through manipulation. This study is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to collect relevant information where the population was teachers from four public center specialize in initial education in the city of Cuenca – Ecuador. For the study was select a sample of eleven teachers in all, for the results was used a consistency matrix which allows to analyze each question by categories to carry out a discussion of the results, where primary information was obtained concluding that the teachers affirm that they use the body through games, songs to develop the basic notions as a result there is unknowing about the subject on the parents
El teatro de sombras como recurso didáctico para fortalecer las capacidades expresivas en los niños y niñas de Primero de EGB
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-12) Chica Alvarado, Karen Tatiana; Chumbi Flores, Boris Aníbal
For this study, attention has been focused on a resource that is innovative in the first levels of education. The main goal is that it works as a means for children who are inhibited and fearful in Preparatory School and makes them begin to feel attracted to different forms of education, express their thoughts, feelings or ideas when interacting with their peer group or teacher. The objective of this degree work is to strengthen the expressive capacities of First EGB boys and girls by proposing Shadow Theater as a didactic resource to promote their full development, to give more importance to the resources linked to the art, and to help solve various shortcomings that may occur in students. Certainly, the theater has various advantages from which children can benefit and, by doing this, their proper development in the long term is enhanced. The research was based on a qualitative methodological approach that allowed to know, by applying different interviews, the experiences of teachers, directors and experts, about Shadow Theater with children. The conclusions stated that Shadow Theater is an excellent multidisciplinary resource that allows strengthening the communicative-expressive skills of toddlers. Likewise, a guide of activities to implement in the educational field, in relation to skills raised in the high school curricula, has been designed
Influencia del nivel socioeconómico familiar en los procesos de aprendizaje de niños preescolares
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-12) Cedillo Cobos, Rosalva Daniela; Bernal Reino, Juan Carlos
The first years of a child's life are crucial for good development, therefore they must have an education that allows them to develop their maximum intellectual, social, emotional and other capacities, because in this way they will not have problems in their adult life. But this requires that all infants have a quality and equitable education, as this is a natural right. The objective of this degree work is to describe the influence of socioeconomic level on the learning processes of preschool children in public and private educational institutions in Cuenca with the purpose of creating educational programs aimed at these vulnerable people in the near future, because in this way it will be possible to eliminate the educational gap that exists due to individual family's socioeconomic levels. This research had a quantitative methodological approach, which allowed me to identify that there is such a gap, as several infants who do not have the necessary economic resources to obtain a quality education have had problems in their performance, in the same learning processes are reflected, since if infants do not have their adequate academic level this is because there are several factors that influence their learning processes and one of this is the family's economic factor.
Análisis de prácticas inclusivas desde la gestión curricular en el primer año de EGB
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-14) Pintado Mejía, Jessica Alexandra; Izquierdo Molina, Anita Catalina
The objective of the study was to analyze the existent inclusion practices in the curricular management of the macro, meso and micro curricula of the first year of Educación General Básica (Basic General Education) - EGB in the public and private sector to describe the reality of different educational institutions. The study was proposed from a qualitative approach. In addition, a type of exploratory and descriptive research was chosen to be developed since it was expected to know the ideas and opinions of the participants. The instrument that was applied was a semi-structured interview with 4 school principals and 6 teachers from public and private institutions in the city of Cuenca. In conclusion, it is shown that inclusive education seeks to serve the most vulnerable groups, but as a result of the interviews: it is highlighted that teachers are at a medium level of training in this subject. Thus, we consider that it is a great challenge to work with children who have different abilities, either due to lack of knowledge, information or lack of preparation to deal with some subjects. For this reason, training is considered a fundamental basis to respond to every unexpected situation and to know how to act when facing any “challenge” that may come up
Estrategias docentes para regular las conductas disruptivas de niñas y niños del nivel Inicial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-18) Chabla Campoverde, Mayra Azucena; Izquierdo Molina, Anita Catalina
The present research entitled Teaching strategies to regulate disruptive behaviors of girls and boys at the Initial level, is a relevant topic within education, since it is important to know the different causes why infants present undesirable behavior that affects the learning process of them and, in the same way, to know the strategies that teachers use to regulate inappropriate behaviors. For this reason, the main objective of the research is to analyze the teaching strategies most used to regulate disruptive behaviors of girls and boys at the Initial level of an Educational Unit of the North District of the city of Cuenca. The research is qualitative, descriptiveexploratory in nature. To collect the information, a semi-structured interview was applied to six teachers of the Initial Level of a public institution in the city of Cuenca, in order to know their perspectives on the topic addressed. After the investigation, it is concluded that the most used teaching strategies is mainly the dialogue with the children who present these disruptive behaviors to know the reason why they act in a certain way and trying to change their attitude, reflecting on what happened. In addition, a proposal is made known with activities that will help reduce unwanted behaviors of infants
La autorregulación en estudiantes de Educación Inicial y 1º de EGB
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-18) Castro Rivera, Daisy Tatiana; Pérez Fajardo, Inés Cristina
The main objective of this research work, entitled "Self-regulation in Early Childhood Education and First Grade of Primary School", is to analyze the theory of self-regulation and the strategies that favor its development in students of Early Childhood Education, Sublevel 2 and First Grade of Primary School. A qualitative approach was used with a descriptive and exploratory type of research. For the collection of information, first of all, a bibliographic reviewwas carried out, in which the term self-regulation is conceptualized, and the theories proposed bydifferent authors for its development are described. Strategies that allow the development of self-regulation are also specified, as well as the foundations of pedagogical models that promote this ability. For the field work, a semi-structured interview was used as an instrument with 8 directors and teachers from public and private institutions in the country, at the mentioned levels, in order to determine the knowledge on the subject and the management of strategies considered pertinent for the development of self-regulation. The main result of this research confirms that the participants know that self-regulation is not an innate capacity of the human being, so it depends on the experiences that the child is allowed to have on a daily basis. In the educational context, teachers are the ones who must contribute to its development, and the type of strategies they use in their classrooms depend on the pedagogical model practiced in the institution
Estrategias didácticas que fomentan la inclusión social y cultural en Educación Inicial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-22) Cedillo Yungazaca, Allison Brigitte; Dávalos Molina, Juana Catalina
The present research work "Didactic strategies that promote social and cultural inclusion in early education" arises from the question "What didactic strategies promote social and cultural inclusion in early education?, the purpose of this study is to promote social and cultural inclusion in Early Education through didactic strategies to generate nondiscriminatory environments. For the development of this work, a qualitative methodology was used, making use of the semi-structured interview as a technique for collecting information, selecting the sample from categories that delimit the participants, among which is having had experience or situations related to inclusion and also that they are teachers belonging to the public sector of education in the city of Cuenca. At the end of the study, it was concluded that teachers do not have the necessary preparation or tools to achieve inclusion due to social and cultural diversity, since they do not consider it necessary to carry out this type of process at such young ages
Manejo de la agresividad en niños de educación inicial: gestión y estrategias docentes
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-29) Ávila Montaño, Juana Micaela; Bernal Reino, Juan Carlos
In this research study "Aggressiveness management in early childhood education children: management and teaching strategies", an analysis was made of the existing problem regarding the management of aggressiveness in the classroom and its relationship between theoretical contributions and the perspectives of early childhood education teachers. In order to provide information about the strategies that can be implemented to adequately manage aggressive behaviors in the classroom and information about them. In addition, the research was based on a qualitative and descriptive exploratory methodological approach, which allowed to know through different interviews the experiences and perspectives that teachers have about children's aggressiveness. And it worked with a cross- sectional temporal scope. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 educators from public and private centers. The conclusion reached was that the teachers interviewed do not have enough information about the handling and management of aggressiveness in infants, and that it is essential to carry out research on aggressive behavior at an early age. Finally, recommendations elaborated by the author herself were put forward, based on the information collected bibliographically and the contributions provided by the teachers interviewed. Key words:
Proyecto de motivación lectora con el uso de pictogramas para educación inicial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-01-28) Pérez Cuesta, Jacqueline Pamela; Mora Wilches, María del Carmen
The present research: Reading motivation project with the use of pictograms for Initial Education, has as purpose, develop a reading motivation project for children of Initial Level II from the approach with pictograms, in order for teachers to find new activities regarding the reading. To develop this study, a diagnosis was formulated from the application of a semistructured interview and the observation of five classes in Initial Level II of a fiscal institution in the city of Cuenca. After the investigation and the analysis of the results, it was evidenced that the animation of reading with the use of pictograms is developed in a fragmented way; In other words, although pictograms are rarely used, the reading process is not developed, nor is it integrated into the learning environments proposed by the Early Childhood Education curriculum; For this reason, a sequence of activities is proposed to motivate children towards reading with the application of pictograms and that is a useful tool for the teacher of Initial Level II to apply it in the development of their classes.
El proceso de enseñanza en la modalidad virtual en educación inicial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-01) Reinoso Sinchi, Nathaly Elizabeth; Bernal Reino, Juan Carlos
This research focuses on knowing and analyzing the teaching process in the virtual modality in Initial Education during the COVID-19 pandemic, it starts from a theoretical investigation to base the main themes of this research; teaching process and virtual modality, in order to know and analyze the theories presented by the experts, this being the basis of the investigative work. For the practical work of the research, interviews are carried out with teachers of the initial level and non-participatory observations of the classes in the virtual mode, in the same way an analysis of each of these is carried out to relate the practical work with the theoretical one. and to know how the teaching process has been carried out, in addition to the challenges and challenges that teachers have faced during this change. This being a qualitative research work that, in addition to knowing the subject on which it focuses, has allowed us to understand the situations of teachers, who have had to self-educate themselves in terms of the execution of teaching through virtuality, it has also been evidenced the abysmal difference that exists between the private sector and the public sector, since the teachers of this sector have not had the help of the authorities of the institutions, regarding the availability oftechnological devices ortraining on the management of technology. Virtual education has thus represented a challenge for teachers, who have had to face change with their own tools, seeking above all to publicize the importance ofEarly Education since it is considered that the greatest obstacle to teaching is education devaluation of it by parents.
Narrativa de cuentos con el enfoque de escritura creativa: secuencia didáctica para primero de básica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-08) Zúñiga Arévalo, Ana Cristina; Mora Wilches, María del Carmen
Storytelling and creative writing are didactic tools that allow children to express ideas, feelings, and thoughts, helping them in their teaching-learning process. The main objective of the present curricular degree work is to develop a defined didactic sequence through a set of activities that allow promoting narrative in First General Basic Education children through the creative writing approach. Proposing a qualitative descriptive methodology to analyze the data obtained through a bibliographic review for the knowledge of the subject, by reading secondary sources related to relevant studies on the writing and narrative of stories at this age, describing in a theoretical way the concepts in relation to the research topic and the different studies that have been carried out at this level for infants to achieve these competencies. The semi-structured interviews carried out with the 6 teachers of this level revealed the work and development of storytelling and creative writing within their classrooms with the children of First Grade, an analysis was carried out with the research problem, resulting in that stories are part of the teaching-learning process of children as a resource and not as the development of the exposed skills, therefore, finally, a series of activities is proposed as part of the sequence didactic so that the infants of First Grade reach these competencies.

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