Ingeniería en Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones-Pregrado
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/43
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Item Evaluación de la factibilidad de implementación de redes definidas por software para la gestión inteligente de tráfico heterogéneo en entornos de IoT y servicios convencionales(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-08) Zhangallimbay Coraizaca, Jorge Geovanny; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés MarceloWide Area Networks (WANs) carry heterogeneous traffic with diverse Quality of Ser- vice (QoS) requirements, making prioritization schemes essential to protect the most sensitive flows. In traditional networks, this configuration is performed in a distributed manner, increasing operational complexity and limiting adaptability to load variations. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides an effective alternative by centralizing control and enabling real-time Traffic Engineering (TE) techniques. In this study, a testbed was developed using Containernet/Mininet, Open vSwitch, and Ryu, integra- ting user services and IoT traffic generated by physical sensors. The controller was implemented with three operational modes: (i) a baseline mode inspired by OSPF; (ii) a reactive Traffic Engineering with Quality of Service (TE+QoS) mode, which reroutes flows based on priority to mitigate congestion; and (iii) a TE+QoS mode that allocates dedicated preferred routes per traffic class. These approaches were evaluated using scaled heterogeneous traffic, prioritizing sensitive flows. Metrics such as delay, delay variation (jitter), packet loss, throughput, and resource utilization were measured. The results show that incorporating TE+QoS into SDN improves the performance of high- priority flows under congestion, maintaining stable metric values. In contrast, lower- priority flows tend to experience degradation similar to or greater than that observed without TE+QoS. Finally, CPU spikes associated with rerouting processes remained below 50% of a single coreItem Evaluación y Comparación de Algoritmos de Detección de Bordes aplicados a coordinómetros digitales: Caso de Estudio Presa de Chanlud(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-04) Tene Narváez, Ronny Alexander; González Martínez, Santiago Renán; Muñoz Calle, Milton RodrigoThis research project aims to evaluate and compare various edge detection algorithms applied to images obtained through measurement instruments such as digital coordinometers, with the goal of improving the accuracy of the deformation-reading digitization process, reducing the dependence on manual calibration in structural monitoring systems of the Chanlud Dam. Digital coordinometers are key tools in civil engineering for monitoring deformations and displacements in hydraulic infrastructure. However, it is important to emphasize that the quality of data acquisition largely depends on image processing, particularly the accuracy of edge detection. The selection and analysis of different traditional and modern algorithms such as Sobel, Canny, Laplacian, and DOG along with Deep Learning models like CNN and MLP, were carried out to assess performance in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency, noise tolerance, and applicability under real field conditions. The images used come from a database provided by the Austro Seismic Network, which contains recent images, enabling automated analysis and validation within a contextualized results system. The design and implementation of the system propose a hybrid methodology that combines the strengths and benefits of the algorithms and models used, verifying the most efficient technique using environments such as PC and Raspberry Pi, thereby determining computational performance. This project contributes to the development of more effective tools for data analysis and optimization in infrastructure monitoring, enhancing the response capacity to potential civil failures and thus strengthening risk management for the Chanlud Dam.Item Desarrollo de una Metodología de Integración IoT para la Digitalización de una Máquina Dosificadora en un Entorno de Laboratorio Agroalimentario – Caso AGRO5(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2026-03-04) Guerrero Morocho, Alex Eduardo; Nivicela Marchán, José Aníbal; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin FabiánDigital transformation and Industry 5.0 paradigms have become fundamental pillars of deve-lopment in sectors such as agri-food production, enabling improvements in traceability and efficiency in production processes. In this context, this work proposes the development of an IoT integration methodology for the digitization of a dosing machine in an agri-food laboratory environment (AGRO5 project). The methodology is organized into four blocks: (i) initial system diagnosis, (ii) reverse engineering and controlled disassembly, (iii) electronic reconstruction and signal analysis, and (iv) IoT integration and validation. The integration is carried out in a minimally intrusive manner, preserving the machine’s original operation. As a result, an IoT HUB is implemented using a development platform based on an ESP32 microcontroller, capable of capturing and transmitting data using the MQTT protocol to the Thingsboard platform, which functions as a SCADA system. This allows for the visualization and bidirectional control of the system through dashboards accessible from an HMI screen available in the laboratory. The system implementation is validated using physical and functional evaluation criteria, such as the analysis of the IoT HUB’s physical integration, platform performance, and system response times, using latency in milliseconds as the metric. The developed proposal establishes a repli-cable, scalable, and reversible model for the digitization of conventional agri-food equipment, contributing to the strengthening of smart architectures aligned with Industry 5.0 principles and the objectives of the AGRO5 project.Item Diseño e Implementación de una red de comunicación de emergencia para el Campus Balzay(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-29) Chango Cuenca, Eduardo Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Palacio Baus, Kenneth SamuelThis work presents the design and implementation of an emergency communication network at the Balzay campus, within the framework of the SHAYA 2.0 project aimed at violence prevention. IoT technology was employed, specifically LoRaWAN, chosen for its low energy consumption, long range, and reliable coverage, enabling the installation of wireless physical buttons that send alerts when activated. The system was evaluated using an adaptive burst transmission strategy that improves message reception even in environments with obstacles. Energy consumption was optimized, achieving a sleep current of 580 µA, ensuring an autonomy exceeding six months. Communication tests reached a 100% success rate in critical areas, validated with metrics such as SNR and RSSI. Implemented as a pilot at the Balzay campus, the prototype provides a robust solution for alert transmission.Item Diseño y evaluación de un sistema de comunicación Dispositivo a Dispositivo (D2D) basado en redes cognitivas para entornos más allá de 5G (Beyond 5G (B5G))(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-26) Dumas Puma, Erick Santiago; Calle Vásquez, Carlos Andrés; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés MarceloThis work presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication system based on cognitive networks for Beyond 5G (Beyond 5G (B5G)) en-vironments, using NS-3 with the 5G-LENA module and SUMO as simulation tools. The main objective is to implement a resource filtering method and to design and implement dynamic re-source allocation schemes in cellular vehicular networks (NR-V2X) that outperform the scheme defined in the standard. First, the theoretical foundations are reviewed to identify the limitations of the current scheme, and two filtering methods based on energy detectors are evaluated. Subsequently, six resource allocation schemes are developed and compared: two heuristic (Greedy and Proportional Fair) and four using Reinforcement Learning (RL) combined with the Deep Q-Learning (DQL) algorithm. The system validation was carried out using performance metrics such as throughput, delay, block error rate (BLER), and packet reception rate (PRR) in a vehicular platoon communication scenario located in the historic center of Cuenca, Ecuador. The results show that the proposed filtering method consistently improves all metrics compa-red to the standard; heuristic schemes provide slight improvements, while RL-based schemes achieve significant gains, with up to 40 % increases in throughput, 80 % reductions in delay, 30 % improvements in BLER, and a 16 % increase in PRR, especially in scenarios with high vehicular density.Item Desarrollo e implementación de un gemelo digital (DT) de un sistema multitanques(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Andrade Matute, Luis Antonio; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Guzmán Guillén, Galo FernandoIn this project, a DT was developed using open-source tools, aiming to meet the characteristics of mirroring, shadowing, twinning, and twinning rate inherent to this technology. The modeling tool Blender was used to create a digital model that includes the elements of the control panel and the multi-tank system available in the Control Systems Laboratory at the University of Cuenca. To bring these digital models to life, the 2D and 3D game engine Godot was used, despite its lack of native support for the OPC UA protocol. To incorporate OPC UA functionalities, functions from the open-source library open62541 were adapted into Godot with the help of GDExtension. As evaluation metrics, statistical graphs were included to represent the average usage of CPU and RAM during the software’s execution, aiming to demonstrate the low computational cost of the developed application, which ensures portability across computers with different processing capabilities. Additionally, the average latency in communication between the digital environment and the physical plant was evaluated, verifying the presence of real-time communication. Finally, practical experiments were conducted by sending signals from the digital twin to the physical plant and graphing the water level in the tanks over time, demonstrating the system’s effective and accurate behavior.Item Clasificación automática de señales para comunicaciones inalámbricas basada en técnicas de inteligencia artificial(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Pardo Castro, Carlos Andrés; Pérez Vargas, Juan Pablo; Solano Quinde, Lizandro Damián; Palacio Baus, Kenneth SamuelThis work addresses the identification of digital modulation schemes under realistic chan- nel conditions—multipath fading, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and carrier phase offset—across six formats: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, cross-32-QAM, 64-QAM, and cross-128- QAM; a complementary analysis with 256-QAM is also included to assess performance under higher constellation orders. To capture channel variability, scenarios with different signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) levels, numbers of propagation paths, and phase-offset values were gene- rated using the TorchSig toolkit; the resulting baseband in-phase/quadrature (I–Q) signals fed three neural-network architectures trained and evaluated in supervised classification tasks. Finally, a voting-based ensemble that combines the top k models from each network is pro- posed, yielding consistent gains in correct classification probability (PCC) across all evaluated scenarios.Item Implementación de una herramienta para el estudio de la movilidad entre los campus de la Universidad de Cuenca a través del análisis de Logs del Controlador de red inalámbrica(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Gómez Murillo, Bryam Fabricio; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin FabianThis work presents the development and implementation of an analysis tool aimed at studying the mobility of the university community between the Central and Balzay campuses of the University of Cuenca, as part of the institutional Mover-U program.The proposed solution integrates an interactive visualization system that enables the monitoring of user connection records to the university’s wireless network. The system architecture is based on open-source technologies and containerized services, using Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS as the primary platform. Tools such as Docker are used for containerization and service deployment, MySQL for structured data storage, Redis as an intermediate storage layer, and both Graylog and Rsyslog for filtering data collec-ted from the RADIUS server. To ensure data confidentiality, the system incorporates protection mechanisms including hashing functions and access controls at both the MySQL database and Graylog platform levels. The results demonstrate a clear graphi-cal representation of the mobility patterns within the university community, enabling the visualization of key statistics such as the total number of connections, distribution by campus, most frequently used access points, and movement direction. Additionally, interactive filters by date and movement direction are provided to support personalized data exploration by authorized users.Item Evaluación de métodos de corrección radiométrica y geométrica de una cámara de campo de visión amplio(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Palaguachi Dután, Felipe Sebastián; León Guanoquiza, Franklin Josué; Andrade Rodas, Juan Manuel; Palacio Baus, Kenneth SamuelThis work evaluates the application of geometric and radiometric correction techniques on sky images captured with wide-field cameras, with the aim of mitigating distortions introduced by wide-angle lenses (140° and 180°) and improving the quality of these images for analysis in computer vision. The main objective of this work is to obtain accurate representations of sky conditions, which are essential for applications such as short-term photovoltaic forecasting. A comprehensive review of the state of the art is presented, exploring geometric models such as Kannala-Brandt, Scaramuzza, UCM, EUCM, and Mei, as well as radiometric methods including HDR image generation using Debevec, Mitsunaga, and Robertson techniques, including vignetting correction using approaches by Gao, Lopez-Fuentes, and Zheng. Comparative experiments have been designed to evaluate the performance of these methods on synthetic and real images, using metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, RPE, and radiometric uniformity. The results highlight that the Kannala-Brandt model excels in the correction of synthetic images, while EUCM and Mei offer greater accuracy in real scenarios; in the radiometric domain, the Debevec technique preserves key HDR details, and the Lopez-Fuentes method optimizes vignetting correction. Finally, the implications of these findings for sky image enhancement are discussed, and future lines of research are proposed, such as the development of hybrid models and the expansion of datasets, with an independent focus on their application for photovoltaic prediction studies.Item Modelamiento de patrones diarios de producción solar fotovoltaica orientada a la mejora de la eficiencia y precisión en las proyecciones energéticas: un enfoque estadístico(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Tobar Palacios, Micaela Cristina; Ochoa Correa, Danny VinicioThis research develops a statistical model to characterize and predict photovoltaic (PV) solar energy production, considering its annual and daily variations based on data from three groups of solar panels over one year. To model annual variability, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models were applied to detrended time series data, allowing the identification of temporal dependency patterns in energy generation. At the daily level, the work focused on fitting beta distributions to percentiles of photovoltaic production, and on clustering the daily profiles, which provided a refined characterization of hourly generation patterns. Furthermore, based on the obtained ARMA models, synthetic time series with statistical properties equivalent to the original series were generated, facilitating simulation and predictive analysis. The methods implemented in this study provide a robust tool to improve the accuracy of solar generation projections and optimize the management of photovoltaic systems, thereby contributing to the efficient planning and operation of renewable energy.Item Diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de respaldos y recuperación enfocado en la Micro-Red de la Universidad de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-27) Nieves Nambel, Jonnathan Fernando; Pulla Huiracocha, Jimmy Danilo; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin FabiánThe present work develops and implements a backup and recovery management system for the Micro-Network of the University of Cuenca, oriented to guarantee the integrity, availability and efficient recovery of critical data of the SCADA. The design is based on the 3-2-1 model, using a physical server with Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS, Docker, PostgreSQL, Grafana and Bacula/Bacularis for the storage, visualization, backup and recovery of information, respectively. The solution includes the definition of backup policies aligned with the EGSI and international standards (ISO 27001, 27002 and 27019). The proposed architecture allows automating data capture, versioning and backup retention, as well as complete recovery in case of loss. The tests performed show a 100% success rate in the backup and recovery processes, total data integrity and excellent system performance in terms of CPU and RAM resource consumption.Item Sistema de detección de incendios basado en tecnología IoT y procesamiento de imágenes(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-15) Castillo Matamoros, Erick Alexander; Chalco Montalván, Robert Sebastián; González Martínez, Santiago RenánThis curricular integration project presents the development of an intelligent system for the early detection and warning of forest fires, motivated by the increase of these events in Ecuador during dry seasons such as those recorded in 2024. The system combines IoT technologies and image processing, integrating a digital camera, environmental sensors, a GPS module, 4G connectivity, and optimized algorithms to operate in real-time on low-cost hardware, adapted to rural or hard-to-reach areas. Fire detection algorithms based on color spaces and IA were implemented and evaluated, from which a hybrid solution emerged that combines Method 9 (YOLOv8) and Method 12 (PJF, RGB, and YCbCr chromatic spaces). This method was validated in a controlled environment under three representative conditions: high illumination, visual interference, and standard conditions, as described in Section 4.4. The system achieved outstanding metrics in high illumination, key in fires caused by drought, obtaining an ACC of 99.82 %, a TPR of 99.64 %, and a TNR of 100.00 %, as summarized in Table 5.4. Additionally, an air quality sensor was integrated to detect PM2.5 particles above 100µg/m³, which allowed for the validation of smoke presence and the reduction of false positives. The system operated with a consumption of 519.9mA, a CPU usage of 38.3 %, and a temperature below 39.3°C thanks to an automatic ventilation system, representing a reliable, precise, and scalable solution for the early detection of forest fires.Item Aplicación de MANET’s como sistema de comunicación en la movilidad sostenible(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-15) Eras Eras, Nancy Maribel; Otavalo Quito, José Andrés; González Martínez, Santiago RenánSustainable mobility is crucial in today’s society, which seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emis- sions and promote the use of cleaner and more efficient means of transportation. The bicy- cle has become essential as it offers affordability, efficiency, health, safety and environmental friendliness. Thus, different cities have promoted bicycles from both the public and private spheres, implementing technologies that improve their operation and safety. The Mobile Ad- Hoc Network (MANET) have emerged as an innovative solution to improve communication in sustainable mobility. This research work proposes an experimental methodology to implement a communication system between electric bicycles as nodes of a MANET and the evaluation of the same using the proactive routing protocols Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Bet- ter Approach to Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.). The network configuration is set up systematically, considering the 2.4 GHz wireless channel conditions, maximum transmission range and bandwidth at one and three hops. In addition, an application layer solution is provi- ded in order to simulate the transmission of text messages and audio traffic in the network. In order to compare the functionality of the communication system using each protocol, different test scenarios with fixed and moving nodes are established. In terms of the network metrics evaluated, the Delay, Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and Throughput were used.Item Detección de fallas en paneles solares fotovoltaicos utilizando procesamiento de imágenes SWIR y técnica de electroluminiscencia(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-13) Gómez López, Franklin Mauricio; Ochoa Correa, Danny VinicioThe growth of the solar industry has driven the need for effective methods to detect defects in photovoltaic systems, which inspired this study focused on the application of image processing techniques in the short-wave infrared spectrum (SWIR) through electroluminescence. Thiswork centers on the design and implementation of an experimental methodology to identify defects in commercial photovoltaic panels, using an OWL 640 M camera to capture images and combining image processing techniques with machine learning to detect cracks, interrupted contacts, and material anomalies. The proposed approach includes stages such as equipment calibration, individual cell analysis, and system performance evaluation, employing convolutional neural networks and a dataset tailored to the characteristics of the images. The results not only contribute to improving the efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems but also present opportunities in fields such as electronic component detection, humidity identification, liquid measurement, and contaminant analysis in food, highlighting the multidisciplinary impact of SWIR imaging.Item Sistema de semáforo inteligente con aprendizaje automático para una intersección de alto flujo vehicular. Caso de estudio: Cuenca, Ecuador.(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-25) Ordoñez Pineda, Luis Fernando; Barbecho Bautista, Pablo AndrésVehicle congestion in Cuenca, Ecuador, is a growing issue that demands innovative solutions. This thesis focuses on simulating the implementation of an intelligent traffic light system that uses the Deep Q-network machine learning algorithm to adjust traffic light phases according to real-time traffic flow conditions. To address the limitations of traditional traffic lights, this research aimed to reduce vehicle waiting times at intersections. To achieve this goal, SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility), a simulation tool, was used to model and analyze the behavior of the vehicular network. Two approaches were evaluated: (i) the incorporation of traffic light phases with prioritized turns, referred to as FN (new phases), and (ii) the implementation of traffic light phases with fixed duration intervals, determined based on real measurements at the intersection, called DFV (fixed variable duration). The results showed a significant reduction in waiting times, with the FN approach achieving an 8.73 % decrease and the DFV approach achieving a 14.10 % decrease compared to the traditional system. The second approach, DFV, proved to be the most efficient, reducing the metric by 5.90 % compared to the FN approach, suggesting its potential for real-world implementation. These findings demonstrated that the intelligent traffic light system not only reduces waiting times but also optimizes traffic flow, promising to improve urban mobility in Cuenca.Item Desarrollo de una herramienta para la evaluación objetiva de la calidad de video empleando redes neuronales(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-23) Flores Maza, Carlos Bladimir; González Martínez, Santiago RenánVideo quality assessment is essential for determining the appropriate compression of a video file or its real-time transmission. The developed tool allows for the selection of quality (Quantization Parameter (QP)), temporal (Frame Per Second (FPS)), and spatial (Bit-rate) scalability parameters, comparing traditional metrics like Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) with the Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) metric, which uses neural networks (VGG, AlexNet, and SqueezeNet). The experiments included a two-phase subjective evaluation. In the first phase, participants evaluated videos encoded with the same scalability parameter, establishing a relationship between visual perception and the metrics. Results showed that an .excellent”subjective evaluation corresponded to a PSNR of 44.2 dB, an SSIM of 0.99, and an LPIPS of 0.0 with AlexNet, 0.01 with SqueezeNet, and 0.02 with VGG for quality scalability. In the second phase, different participant groups evaluated the same videos with various scalability parameters, preferring quality scalability at high parameters and spatial scalability at intermediate parameters. Additional experiments validated the metrics against human perception, applying distortions such as blurring, Poisson noise, and salt-and-pepper noise. Results indicated that LPIPS is more sensitive to human perception, with percentage values starting from 73.64 %, compared to SSIM (-24.9 %) and PSNR (-14.17 %). The main contribution of this work is the development of a tool that facilitates research and learning in video quality assessment through both objective and subjective approaches.Item Implementación de un sistema de transmisión multiportadora sobre una plataforma FPGA(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-13) Castro Mendoza, Henry Mauricio; Cambisaca Sánchez, Jhonatan Paúl; Palacio Baus, Kenneth Samuel; Solano Quinde, Lizandro DamiánMulticarrier modulation systems increase the bit rate in digital communications and optimize bandwidth usage compared to single carrier modulation systems. In this work, we implement OFDM and GFDM systems on a Red Pitaya FPGA STEMLab 125-14 platform. Implementing a multicarrier transmission system on an FPGA involves translating complex mathematical concepts into hardware-level operations. Mastery of the hardware description environment is crucial for addressing synthesis and delay issues, enabling the creation of a standalone transmission system without external hardware. The implementation of OFDM and GFDM is based on the vector representation of multicarrier systems, where the characteristics depend on the pulse-shaping filter used. OFDM employs a rectangular pulse, while GFDM uses a raised cosine filter. Both systems utilize 4-QAM symbols and synchronization frames to facilitate signal reception. To evaluate the system, we use the HackRF One device in conjunction with GNU Radio software. The received signal is compared with the theoretical signal using crosscorrelation, and the bit error rate (BER) is measured as a function of distance. The results show that the received signal closely matches the simulated signal and it was observed that GFDM requires 7% more SNR than OFDM to achieve a similar error rate. These findings validate the implementation and lay the groundwork for developing new technologies in multicarrier communication systems.Item Implementación y evaluación de un sistema de navegación cinética satelital en tiempo real empleando hardware de bajo costo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-17) Flores Lalvay, Stalyn Andrés; Villa Lojano, Christian Fernando; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides FabianIn this degree work, a low-cost real-time kinetic navigation system (GNSS RTK) was implemented and evaluated. For this, simpleRTK2B Lite development boards and XBee wireless communication modules were used. Initially, the operation, synchronisation and communication of each module configured as base and rover was learned and verified. The evaluation of the system was performed by calculating statistical parame- ters such as RMS, 2DRMS, SEP, CEP and MRSE, using the geodetic network of the city of Cuenca, in the province of Azuay, Ecuador, as a test scenario. A total of 8 points distributed in 4 locations in the city were measured, representing diverse geographical scenarios and taking advantage of the varied topography of the city, with altitudes between approximately 2500 masl and 3500 masl. These locations included both busy urban and rural environments. The results demonstrated that the implemented RTK system can achieve accurate measurements of less than 25 cm and, in some cases, less than 2 cm in practical environments, using low-cost components. In addition, a cost comparison was made with commercial geodetic grade equipment. This study contributes to the development of affordable solutions for real-time geolocation and navigation applications, especially in regions with complex geographical conditions.Item Análisis de la factibilidad de mejorar la disponibilidad del sistema SCADA durante los procesos de mantenimiento de los equipos de la micro-red de la Universidad de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-06) Gutiérrez Otavalo, Lourdes Verónica; Padilla Guamán, Claudia Estefanía; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Villa Ávila, Edisson AndrésThis report focuses on the challenges associated with increasing the availability of Supervi- sory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in the industrial sector, specifically in the Micro-Grid Laboratory of the University of Cuenca. This system monitors and controls various equipment through a wired Operational Technologies (OT) network. The primary problem addressed lies in the interruptions caused in the communication and control of the SCADA system during device maintenance procedures, which affects the sys- tem’s functionality. Disconnecting the power supply for maintenance results in a temporary loss of device detection and control by the SCADA, thus causing a forced system shutdown. To address this issue, three potential hypotheses are proposed. Firstly, the management of network redundancy through Weidmüller switches is explored, using protocols such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), Spanning Tree, and Turbo-Ring. Secondly, the installation of a physical bypass in the network to prevent interruptions is suggested by reconfiguring the fiber optic infrastructure. Lastly, the SCADA implementation is analyzed, focusing on the algorithm implemented in Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbech (LabVIEW) and correcting the detected flaws. Each hypothesis was validated through the research methods utilized. The implementation of the selected solutions has achieved continuity in the control and communication of the SCADA system during maintenance processes. Finally, the thesis work concluded with the fulfillment of all the objectives set and a considerable improvement in the system’s initialization time, achieved through all the experiments conducted, mainly by modifying the LabVIEW programming.Item Diseño e Implementación de un prototipo integral para el monitoreo y automatización de la red WAN en la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C.A(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-05) Lima Huayllas, Edwin Aníbal; Mora Pedroza, Paola Alexandra; Barbecho Bautista, Pablo AndrésWAN networks interconnect systems, users, and applications across different geographical areas, enhancing efficiency and security in various sectors. This work presents the development of a prototype for managing and monitoring WAN networks, whose complexity has increased due to the growing number of devices. The prototype enables topology visualization, continuous monitoring, and configuration automation, optimizing network processes and reducing response times to incidents. The implementation is based on topology discovery through Python algorithms, configuration automation using tools such as Netmiko, and function centralization via a web server in Node.js. The application, named EPOLARIS, integrates a visualization panel with Grafana and uses Telegram to receive network incident notifications. The prototype is evaluated through simulations and in Region Three of the WAN network of the Regional Electric Company Centro Sur C.A. in Cuenca, Ecuador, demonstrating more efficient management, reduced configuration times, and faster detection of topology errors.