Nutrición y Dietética

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Comportamiento alimentario y actividad física en niños de 3-4 años del municipio.
(2018) Espinoza Coello, Pamela Monserrath; Velásquez Ortíz, María del Carmen; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath
Background: The preschool stage is the starting point in the creation of habits that will be present in the future, so we must observe the places where the behavior of children develops. General Aim: Observe the eating behavior and physical activity in 3-4 year old children of the Municipal Child Development Centers of the city of Cuenca (CDIs). Methodology: A mixed study was carried out, the qualitative inductive part was developed through non-participatory observations to preschoolers and their educators, analyzing their eating behavior and physical activity. 9 interviews were carried out with the kitchen staff of the CDIs to explore the practices that influence the eating behavior and quality of the menu. The descriptive quantitative study was carried out using a validated dietary quality questionnaire. Results: It was observed that children at the table behave according to the interaction of educators who use strategies to consume the preparations. It was observed that preschoolers do not comply with the recommendation of physical activity and have a prolonged sleep time after lunch. In the interviews, it was found that each CDI carries their organization, and they modify the menu according to several reasons, some of which provide benefits and other disadvantages. The quality of the menus according to the COMES questionnaire was acceptable to improvable. Conclutions: Preschoolers consume three meal times in the CDIs. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that influence the eating behavior and physical activity.
Conductas y hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y su relación con la composición corporal y el riesgo cardiovascular en conductores del Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales de Cuenca, Ecuador, durante el periodo julio - diciembre de 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Méndez Pardo, Danna Camila; Espinoza Duchi, Jennifer Paola; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
Background: Overweight and obesity represent a significant public health problem that affects different age groups, including adults. Among the most vulnerable groups are professional drivers, who, due to long working hours, sedentary lifestyles, and poor eating habits, have high rates of malnutrition due to excess weight. Objective: To determine the relationship between eating behavior and habits, physical activity, body composition, and cardiovascular risk in drivers aged 40 to 64 years old who are members of the Cuenca drivers' union. Methods: A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 drivers selected for convenience. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance and waist circumference. Physical activity was measured using the IPAQ (short version) and eating behavior and habits were assessed using the questionnaire by Díaz et al. (2019). The analysis was performed in SPSS using chi-square. Results: 76.5% of drivers were malnourished due to excess. Likewise, 76.4% had a body fat percentage classified as very high, and 65.9% showed some level of cardiovascular risk according to their waist circumference. Conclusions: The study determined that eating behaviors and habits, as well as physical activity levels, are significantly related to body composition and cardiovascular risk in drivers, highlighting the need to promote healthy lifestyles in this population.
Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y su relación con la inseguridad alimentaria, estrés percibido y calidad de la dieta en mujeres gestantes de 19 a 45 años que acuden a Centros de Salud Tipo B y C de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-27) Cabrera Tapia, Jessenia Anabel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: The increased consumption of ultra-processed foods in recent years has contributed to overweight, obesity, and different chronic diseases, especially during pregnancy. In Ecuador, many pregnant women experience malnutrition due to both low and excessive calorie intake, which increases the risk of complications for the mother and the fetus and can affect diet quality during pregnancy. Objective: To determine the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality in pregnant women aged 19 to 45 years in the city of Cuenca. Methods: This was a crosssectional and analytical study conducted in Type B and C Health Centers in Cuenca. The sample included 305 pregnant women. Surveys and questionnaires were used to assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality. Results: The population was mainly composed of single, unemployed women with basic educational levels. Pre-pregnancy nutritional status showed malnutrition due to excess, with a predominance of overweight and obesity. In addition, 48.9% presented food insecurity, 99% reported high perceived stress, and 55.4% required changes in diet quality. A significant association was found between the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality. Conclusion: The consumption of ultra-processed foods in pregnant women is related to food insecurity, perceived stress, and lower diet quality.
Descripción del estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y ambientes alimentarios en niños que asisten a 7 escuelas fiscales del cantón Cuenca 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Ramón Pizarro, Steven Josué; Alarcón Duy, Ronny Damian; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Rates of childhood malnutrition continue to increase; these alterations in nutritional status represent a multidimensional and multifactorial problem determined by dietary habits, physical activity, and the little-studied school food environment. Objective: To describe nutritional status, dietary habits, physical activity, and food environments in children attending seven public schools in the canton of Cuenca in 2025. Methods: Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and waist circumference; body composition was evaluated using the bioelectrical impedance device InBody 120; dietary habits were described using a school-based questionnaire; physical activity was assessed using the APALQ questionnaire; and food environments were evaluated with a validated instrument. Results: Overweight and obesity were observed in 40.5% of the child population, with differences in body composition according to sex and age. Females showed a greater but non-progressive increase in fat mass, whereas males exhibited a greater and progressive increase in musculoskeletal mass. Dietary habits revealed a high consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages. Differences were observed in the origin of snacks: children who purchased food selected mainly processed products, while those who brought food from home consumed fruits, water, and dairy products. A total of 27.5% of the population was sedentary. Food environments differed by area: street food stalls were more common around rural schools, while restaurants predominated in urban areas, with unhealthy foods prevailing. Conclusions: The population showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, frequent consumption of processed foods, sedentary behavior, and school environments characterized by a predominance of unhealthy food options.
Efectos del ayuno intermitente en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-11) Illescas Lozano, Nathaly Narcisa; Miño Borja, María Daniela
The first historical records of Diabetes date from around 1500 BC, in which cases of urine with a sweet and sticky taste are described. The discovery of insulin by Edward Albert in 1910 has led to important advances in the treatment of diabetes, including the most commonly used oral medication in the world, metformin (1)(2). However, alternative therapies that replace pharmacological treatment are not yet applied in clinical practice. Therefore, intermittent fasting has been used in recent years, which provides certain benefits in the control of blood sugar, improves the lipid profile, among other.This habit has been practiced for centuries, because, gathering and hunting provided food intermittently and the human body adapted to survive in periods of scarcity, even ancient civilizations, like the Romans, they believed that eating more than one hearty meal a day was unhealthy (3). The Objective is analyze the available evidence about intermittent fasting, and its therapeutic capacity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The aim is to determine if there are possible benefits in improving glucose and weight levels. Methods: A bibliographic review will be carried out in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and Dialnet, in those articles that were published from 2018 until today. Expected results: To know the effects of intermittent fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ganancia de peso y su relación con el uso del implante como método anticonceptivo en mujeres de 18 a 49 años de edad que acudieron a consulta ginecológica privada en la ciudad de Cuenca durante el periodo enero 2018 – febrero 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-08) Peralta Albarracín, Jessica Paola; Pesantez Piedra, Melissa; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: At the national level, hormonal contraceptive methods present different percentages of use in the population presenting adverse reactions for the health and nutritional status of patients. Objective: To establish the prevalence of weight gain in women between 18 and 49 years of age and its relationship with the use of implants as a contraceptive method who attended a private gynecological clinic in the city of Cuenca during January 2018 to February 2020. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the relationship of the qualitative variables, using medical records and the matrix of contraceptive methods, using the EPIDAT version 4.2 program. Results: In the statistical analysis it was established that 60.8 out of 100 women with implants gain weight involuntarily as a side effect, 86.18% of women gain from 1 to 9 kg, 71.1% presented weight gain with use for a period greater than one year, 56.88% were overweight at the start of treatment; Through the time of use, the BMI changed, resulting in 55.92% overweight, 17.76% Obesity type 1 and 3.29% Obesity type 2. Conclusion: There is a prevalence of weight gain in women aged 18 to 49 years who use the implant as a contraceptive method during 2018 to 2020, categorizing the population into variables, finding exact data to know percentages such as weight gain and BMI elevation with use of the implant.
Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-25) Narvaez Cedillo, Anabel Alexandra; Sanmartin Sanmartin, Daniela Johanna; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: Evaluation of eating habits and nutritional status of university students is important because it facilitates identification of health risks and prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases, currently alarming due to their prevalence and incidence. Therefore, when a diet is not appropriate, it may cause malnutrition due to a deficiency or excess of nutrients, which in turn causes metabolic alterations and poor academic performance. Objectives: To evaluate eating habits and nutritional status of the University of Cuenca Nutrition and Dietetics major students. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, with the participation of 87 university students majoring in Nutrition and Dietetics. Data collection through a survey featuring eating habits and frequency of food consumption, anthropometric assessment, and bioimpedance. Data was analyzed using IBMSPSS Statistics v15 program and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results were presented in single and double entry graphs and tables. Application of Pearson’s Chi-square for association between variables. Results:26.44% of the participants successfully follow the recommendations with regard to healthy eating habits and 73.56% need to changes their habits. Regarding nutritional status, 55.2% of the participants showed appropriate conditions, 35.6% were overweight, and 9,2% were obese. Relationship between eating habits and nutritional status was then determined. Conclusions: The study shows that the most influential factor in the nutritional status of students is that of eating habits.
Influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y hábitos alimentarios en el estado nutricional de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Cuenca, período marzo - julio 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-08) Paredes Guanuche, María José; Guerrón Pérez, Poleth Izabella; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
Background: Socioeconomic factors and eating habits influence the nutritional status of students, altering the quality of the diet. This alteration can be reflected either with a deficit or an excess of nutrients, which leads to an alteration of the metabolism, intervening in the academic performance of the students. Objective: To determine the influence of socioeconomic factors and eating habits on the nutritional status of the students of the Nutrition and Dietetics Degree at the University of Cuenca, March - July 2020. Methodology: A total of 92 students between 18 to 26 years old who studied Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Cuenca was used. The techniques used with the students were: the application of surveys, used to establish their socioeconomic level and to know their eating habits; and anthropometric measurements were also taken to determine their nutritional status. For the analysis of the data, the Microsoft Excel 2013 and EPIDAT 4 version 4.2 programs were used. Results: The normal nutritional status of the students was 69.57% and 30.43% with malnutrition due to excess and deficit. Regarding the socioeconomic level, it was obtained that 43.48% belong to the typical middle class (C +), the rest are divided between the upper class (A), upper middle (B) and lower middle (C-); normal nutritional status prevailed in all the strata. In relation to eating habits, it was obtained that the majority of students need changes in their diet, specifically 72.83%. Conclusions: The factor that has the greatest influence on the nutritional status of students is the eating habits, comparing them with socioeconomic level, since it depends on other factors to affect the nutritional status.
Porcentaje de rendimiento, valor nutritivo y costo real de los alimentos de mayor consumo en Cuenca
(1984) Bravo A., Daisy; Bravo C., Sandra; Espin, Magdalena
Prevalencia de la ganancia excesiva de peso en mujeres embarazadas de 18 a 45 años de edad de Centro de Salud Carlos Elizalde enero 2017-diciembre 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-02) Guzmán González, Edgar Sebastián; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background:The latest records coming from the Health and Nutrition Survey, Ecuador, register 37.9% and 27.6% of women of childbearing age having overweight and obesity respectively. There is no data on weight gain in pregnancy.Objective:To determine the prevalence of excessive weight gain in pregnant women between 18 and 45 years of age who attended the Carlos Elizalde Health Center in the period of January 2017 -December 2018.Methodology: The research was done under a quantitative approach and it corresponds to the type of retrospective observational research with stratified random probability sampling; It was carried out using the medical records of the pregnant women treated in 2017 -2018 registered in the follow-up matrix for the Obstetric and Neonatal Care, at the Carlos Elizalde Health Center. The medical records were checked, using SPSS and using frequency and percentage charts, to evaluate the relationship with the characteristics of the population.Results:The mean age was 26 years. Of the pregnant women who developed an excessive weight gain: 40.7% lived in an urban area and 28.7% lived in a rural area, 30.3% received basic education, 37.5% are high school degree holders and 56.7% have a third level degree, 26% are from low income, 54.8% middle income and 60% high income, 22.3% started the pregnancy with normal weight, 51.7% with overweight and 52.9% with obesity.Conclusion:The prevalence of excessive weight gain in pregnant women between 18 and 45 years of age who attend the Carlos Elizalde Health Center in the period January 2017 -December 2018 is 37.4%
Relación de la composición corporal con la calidad de la dieta y el tiempo en pantallas en los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca en 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Chapa Muñoz, Lisseth Tatiana; Zhinin Tacuri, Christian David; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: The body composition of adults, especially health teachers, is closely related to screen time and diet quality, a relevant issue to address, given the current high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which is associated with a high percentage of body fat. Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between body composition and diet quality and screen time in teachers at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Cuenca in 2025. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with a sample of 145 teachers from the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Data such as sex, age, body composition, diet quality, and screen time were analyzed using instruments to analyze body composition, the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Population (IASE) survey, and the screen time survey, respectively. The SPSS program was used for data analysis, which is software that allows for the creation of a database, as well as statistical graphs that aid in understanding the results. Results: No statistically significant association was found between the variables analyzed, so it can be said that there is no relationship between body composition, screen time, and diet quality among faculty members at the University of Cuenca's Faculty of Medical Sciences.
Relación de la composición corporal con la calidad de la dieta, el perfil hepático y el perfil lipídico en pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en el centro de especialidades Gastrocenter en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-06) Pedro González, Natalia Teixeira; Siccha Tuba, Johanna Maricela; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inadequate dietary habits, with a high prevalence in the adult population. Objective: To analyze the relationship between body composition, diet quality, hepatic profile, and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD treated at the GastroCenter Specialty Center in the city of Cuenca. A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from August 2025 to January 2026. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance, diet quality was evaluated using the Global Diet Quality Index, and biochemical parameters were measured through hepatic and lipid profile tests. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and association tests such as chi-square, and Spearman correlation. The sample consisted of 94 patients, with a mean age of 47 ± 14 years and a predominance of females (59.6%). A high frequency of obesity was observed (61.7%), and a very high body fat percentage was identified in 64.9% of participants, while muscle mass was mainly within normal ranges. Diet quality was primarily classified as “needs improvement” in 63.8% of cases. Dyslipidemia was identified in 72.3% of patients, and hepatic alterations were found in 34.0%. No significant associations were observed between overall diet quality and body composition or the hepatic profile; however, triglycerides showed relevant associations with body composition indicators.
Relación entre la calidad de la dieta, la actividad física y el uso de redes sociales en adolescentes de 15 a 16 años del Colegio Nacional “26 de Noviembre”, cantón Zaruma - provincia de El Oro, 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Palacios Mora, María Priscila; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
Background: Global nutrition is far from healthy and has not improved over the last decade. The consumption of processed foods is on the rise and social media has a major impact. In today's society, sedentary lifestyles have taken center stage in human beings' lives, with adolescents being the most affected by this new global problem. Objective: To determine the relationship between diet quality, physical activity, and social media use in young people aged 15-16 at the Colegio Nacional 26 de Noviembre in Zaruma, El Oro, 2025. Methodology: Quantitative cross-sectional analytical study. The number of participants was 156 adolescents, and the selection was simple random sampling. A survey on diet quality, physical activity, and social media use was administered. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, and the results were presented in graphs and tables. Results: 75% of adolescents need to make changes to their diet, and 31% are sedentary. Social media use corresponds to a minimum value of 37 and a maximum value of 118. Conclusions: No significant relationship was found between diet quality and physical activity and social media use; however, there is a relationship between physical activity and social media use.
Relación entre la composición corporal, la calidad de la alimentación, el estrés laboral y la actividad física en trabajadores de una empresa en la ciudad de Cuenca, Cuenca - Ecuador 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-18) Toaquiza Guamán, Kevin Patricio; Yupa Tenelema, Sara Nataly; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
Background: Overweight and obesity are public health problems that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, interfering with individual health. In addition, there are possible factors associated with weight gain, such as diet, stress, and physical activity. Objective: To analyze the association between body composition and diet quality, work stress, and physical activity in workers at a company in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. The research was conducted on 150 participants. Questionnaires such as the Diet Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) were used, and sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: 92% of the participants were men, 86% of the population had high body fat, and 65.3% were overweight. Thirty-four percent had high visceral fat. In terms of diet, 73.3% had an unhealthy diet or one that needed changes, and 72% had a high level of physical activity. Significant associations were identified between visceral fat and diet quality; BMI and muscle percentage with work stress (p-value=<0.05). Conclusions: Diet quality is the main factor associated with increased visceral fat; no associations were found between body composition and physical activity.
Rol de los probióticos en el desarrollo de una microbiota saludable en el tratamiento de la obesidad: revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-26) González Chiriboga, Josselyn Siboney; Tello Zamora, María Laura; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: Obesity is an ever-increasing public health problem with even more significant conditions like diabetes mellitus, heart diseases. Studies indicate that the alteration of the microbiota plays a fundamental role in obesity therefore use of probiotics should be studied to know the role they have on this disease. Objective: This study intends to perform a systematic review of the scientific evidence of probiotics' progress to a healthy microbiota in the management of obesity. Methodology: A Qualitative systematic review was carry out using scientific databases in PubMed, Scopus, and BVS. The search Yielded 2228 articles 6 of them met the inclusion criteria. Results: Our findings suggest that the first article had considerable benefits in the treatment of abdominal adiposity, while in articles 2, 3, and 4, the favorable effect on weight loss, weight maintenance, and the relationship of probiotics involved in the axis intestine-brain is specified. Lastly, in articles 5 and 6 the relationship between probiotics and obesity in pregnant women only one study has benefits. Meanwhile, the other trial reported no significant effects on both weight and control of gestational diabetes. The two studies differ in the term of the supplementation, as well as the amount of probiotic used. Conclusions: The evidence of dietary counseling and probiotic supplementation has an innovative and significant factor to have in mind in treating obesity because this can control central adiposity.

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