Nutrición y Dietética

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Análisis del estado nutricional de trabajadores del área administrativa de Colineal y su relación con la calidad de la dieta y actividad física Cuenca - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-29) Aucapiña Moreno, María Paula; Becerra Gomescuello, Ana Julia; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
In the last few years, malnutrition has reached levels high enough to be considered worldwide epidemic, being a major risk factor for death. In the workplace, it is essential to determine the nutritional status and its relationship with lifestyle, since these factors play an important role in the work performance of workers. Objective: Analyze the nutritional status of workers in Colineal company administrative area, between 24 and 65 years old and its relationship with the diet quality and physical activity in 2023. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed. The project was implemented in the "Carpintería y Tapicería Colineal" among workers of administrative area, with a universe of 50 people between the morning and evening shifts. Results: 64% of the participants belong to male sex, and the most prevalent age range is between 24 and 29 years old. Most administrators, according to their BMI, show a result of overweight, also mentioning that, for the level of physical activity, "walking" predominates in both sexes, and finally, in terms of the quality of diet that prevails, is the one classified as improvable, that is, diet can be improved with a correct nutritional intervention. Conclusions: There is a high percentage of overweight administrative staff, with no cardiovascular risk. It is important to mention that, according to the analysis performed, there is no relationship between nutritional status, physical activity and diet quality
Cambio en los hábitos alimentarios y en los estilos de vida en adultos jóvenes debido al Covid-19 en la ciudad de Cuenca, 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-12) Saquicela Ulloa, Steven Mateo; Uyaguari Paucar, Nelson Ismael; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Following the outbreak of COVID 19 disease in Wuhan - China in 2019, a worldwide health emergency was declared, recommending isolation and social distancing. Several studies report that eating habits, lifestyles and sleep quality of adults have undergone changes as a result of proposals to contain the spread of the disease. These changes may affect the nutritional status of the population in relation to the presence of overweight or obesity, as well as malnutrition, anemia, etc. In several studies conducted in various countries and even in Ecuador, these changes are mentioned as a result of the pandemic. In view of this problem, the objective of this study was to determine the change in eating habits and lifestyle (physical activity, quality of sleep) due to the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults in the city of Cuenca, 2021. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the "snowball" technique for the selection of the sample, in addition, a survey was applied through the Google Forms platform related to eating habits and lifestyles before and during the pandemic. Based on the procedures carried out, it was possible to obtain as results that young adult in the city of Cuenca modified their eating habits and lifestyle due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Composición corporal, su relación con el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el nivel de actividad física en los adultos administrativos de la Dirección Comercial, Dirección de Talento Humano y la Dirección Administrativa Financiera de la Empresa Eléctrica Centro Sur de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, en 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-18) Astudillo Picón, Vanessa del Rocío; Cevallos Peralta, Michelle Antonella; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: Body composition is considered an indicator of well-being and optimal health. Its relationship with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and levels of physical activity are factors of interest in the fields of nutrition and scientific research. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between body composition, the frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods, and the level of physical activity among the administrative staff of the Department of Commerce, Human Resources Department, and Financial and Administrative Department of the Centro Sur Electric Company in Cuenca, Ecuador, in 2024. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included a sample of 112 administrative adults. The "InBody 270" device was used, along with a food frequency questionnaire adapted to the target population and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were processed using SPSS 29.0. Results: Among the study population, 79.46% presented obesity based on body fat mass, 60.71% were within the normal range for fat-free mass, and 75% had a body mass index above the normal range. A low level of physical activity was observed in 40.18% of participants. Additionally, 99.11% reported a high consumption of ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: Body fat percentage and fat-free mass index showed a statistically significant relationship with levels of physical activity. However, the relationship with the frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods was not statistically significant.
Hábitos alimentarios y actividad física durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en lo estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-30) Saeteros Narváez, Sonia Dolores; Saltos Criollo, Jeseira Fernanda; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Title: Eating habits and physical activity during confinement by COVID-19 in students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences-University of Cuenca. Introduction: It seeks to know if changes were maintained or existed in the HA and AF COVID-2019-FCM-UC. The study focused on university students because there is not enough information on this subject in the country. Objective: Establish HA and AF COVID-2019-FCM-UC. Materials and methods: Retrospective analytical study. Carried out in FCM-UC students during the 2021 period. Sample made up of 119 students, to whom the HA and AF COVID- 2019-FCM-UC survey were applied. For the analysis and statistics, the following programs were used: Excel.2019 and SPSS.22.0. Results: 76.5% female and 23.5% male participated. Of the total of participants, 35% maintained their HA and PA, while 65% modified them. There was an increase of 65.5% in mealtimes, an addition of fruits and vegetables of 0.8%, and the food delivery service rose to 25.2% during the pandemic. An increase in the frequency of PA of 11.8% up to 5 times per week was demonstrated in this population. Conclusion: In the study, the positive changes stood out as they increased: mealtimes from 3 to 5 times / day, physical activity up to 5 times a week and it was observed that this population added to their diet the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Influencia del confinamiento por el COVID-19 en los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Terapia Física de la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo septiembre 2021 – febrero 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-12) Espinosa Otavalo, Steeven Mauricio; Pineda Llivisaca, Jonnathan Fernando; Zúñiga Vega, Gabriela del Cisne
Background: At the beginning of 2019, a pandemic caused by the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, whose disease was called COVID-19, broke out, forcing almost all countries on the planet to take strict measures of social distancing and confinement. This generated various problems in people, including: emotional affectations, adoption of inadequate eating habits and unusual physical activities. Objective: To describe the influence of confinement by COVID-19 on the eating habits and physical activity of students of the physical therapy career at the University of Cuenca for the period September 2021-February 2022. Methodology: Quantitative study, comparative level. The survey technique was applied to a sample of 92 students of the Physical Therapy career at the University of Cuenca, during September-2021 and February-2022. Descriptive statistics are presented; normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; the association between variables was analyzed using chi-square, with significance of 0.05. Results: 55.4% are male; 60.8% are between 20 and 21 years old, the average age was 21.03±1.88 years; 68.5% reside in urban areas. Vigorous physical activities were more frequent during lockdown than after lockdown; the frequency of breakfast, dinner, and alcoholic beverages decreased after lockdown; the consumption of homemade lunch, junk food and fish increased after confinement (p<0.05). Conclusions: The confinement implied significant changes in the performance of physical activities and the pattern of consumption of some foods.
Niveles de actividad física y tiempo en pantalla en relación a la composición corporal de estudiantes de las carreras de “Arquitectura” e “Ingeniería en Sistemas” en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-22) Vaca Arteaga, Emilia Isabel; Herrera Sarmiento, Belén Alejandra; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
The World Health Organization recommends physical activity and limits screen time to preserve health. However, in Latin America and The Caribbean, the 70% of the population is not active and they spend more than 8 hours in front of a screen, affecting their body composition. This study evaluated the relationship between physical activity, use of screens and body composition in 183 university students of the faculty of Architecture and Engineering in the University of Cuenca (sixth and eight semester). Surveys were used to measure screen time and physical activity along with a bioimpedance to evaluate body composition. The majority of the participants (96,2%) were between 20 and 24 years old, with men predominating. The 44,3% had normal body fat, while the 50,3% had high body fat and the 5,5% had low body fat. Regarding lean mass, the 67,2% presented normal values, while the 38,2% had altered values (19,1% low and 13,7% high). As for BMI, the 62,3% was normal, the 32,2% overweight, the 3,8% low weight and the 1,6% obesity. Obtained results: An inverse variation was found between physical activity and body fat (r = -0.315) and a direct variation between physical activity and lean mass (r= 0.456). Although there was no significant relationship between screen time and body composition, there will be a trend of higher body fat with more screen time. This study highlights the importance of physical activity in body composition, regardless screen time.
Percepciones de las embarazadas sobre la consejería nutricional y de actividad física que reciben en el control prenatal en centros de salud del área urbana del cantón Cuenca. 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-22) Torres Peña, Enrique Alejandro; Rodas Morales, Pauleth Alejandra; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Perceptions of pregnant women on the nutritional and physical activity counseling they receive in prenatal care in health centers in the urban area of Cuenca. 2021 The current state of malnutrition and sedentary lifestyle in pregnant women is worrying since the aforementioned can have serious consequences for the health of the mother and child, either in the short, medium or long term. It is important that the nutritional and physical activity counseling is adequate, as well as that the correct perception of the pregnant woman goes hand in hand to the correct implementation of the recommendations. A semi-structured interview was carried out with 16 pregnant women from the urban area, data that were transcribed in Word and subsequently the analysis of the categories was carried out. Information was collected on the perception of pregnant women regarding nutritional counseling and physical activity. And it was known what the facilities and difficulties of pregnant women are to put into practice the recommendations given by the personnel of the health area during the controls in the health center. According to the perceptions of pregnant women, the nutritional and physical activity counseling that is provided in health centers in urban areas is not enough by health personnel.
Relación entre el estado nutricional y estilo de vida de los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-20) Castro Castro, Jomayra Vanessa; Lliguin Velecela, Jonathan Hernan; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: Nutritional status and lifestyle play a fundamental role in individuals' health and wellbeing. For nursing students, maintaining adequate nutritional status and adopting healthy lifestyle habits is particularly important, as this directly influences their future work in the healthcare field. Objectives: Determine the relationship between nutritional status, dietary habits, sleep quality, and physical activity in nursing students at the University of Cuenca during the period from September 2023 to February 2024. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. Nutritional status was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a validated Dietary Habits Questionnaire were administered. Results: 78% of the sample consists of women, and 22% are men. 58% have a normal nutritional status, 39% are overweight or have obesity type I, and 3% are underweight. Low physical activity predominates in 48% of the participants. 61% maintain partially adequate dietary habits, while 29% have inadequate dietary habits. 73% of students require medical attention based on their sleep quality. Conclusion: There is a higher percentage of students with normal nutritional status, low physical activity, partially adequate dietary habits, and who require medical attention based on their sleep quality.
Relación entre la calidad de la dieta y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes de 15 a 17 años de edad en la Unidad Educativa Santa Isabel, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-28) Domínguez Rodríguez, Jacqueline Marcela; Dota Dota, Lisset Catalina; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Adolescence, a stage of physiological changes and adjustments in lifestyle, diet, and physical activity, can determine health throughout life. Objectives: This study focuses on the relationship between the quality of the diet and the level of physical activity in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years from the Santa Isabel Educational Unit, 2023. Methods: The study included 128 students of both genders, aged between 15 and 17 years. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index questionnaire, while physical activity was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The sample consisted of 45.31% female and 54.69% male students. 62.5% had a diet that needed changes, and 37.5% maintained an unhealthy diet. Regarding physical activity, 50.78% carried out moderate activity, 32.03% had high physical activity and 17.19% had low physical activity. However, according to Spearman's rho, no significant relationship was found (p=0.277 > p=0.05) between diet quality and physical activity. Concluding that the quality of the diet and the level of physical activity do not influence one another, interventions should be carried out focused on improving the quality of the diet of adolescents since it is the main problem found.
Relación entre la composición corporal con la calidad de la dieta y actividad física en mujeres que asisten al Centro de Entrenamiento Funcional “Lively”. Cuenca - Ecuador 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-17) Ochoa Peralta, Alex Damian; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
The average adult has limited time to engage in recreational activities like physical exercise, often resulting in insufficient activity. Combined with factors such as poor diet quality and an unhealthy body composition, the risk of developing non-communicable diseases increases. Most evidence focuses on sedentary populations, highlighting the need to analyze and understand these factors in women practicing functional training. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body composition, diet quality, and physical activity in women who regularly attend the "Lively" Functional Training Center from September to November 2024.
Relación entre los niveles de hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de los adolescentes de 10 a 12 años de la Unidad Educativa San Diego de Alcalá de la ciudad de Azogues en el periodo octubre 2024 – marzo 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-10) Rivera Siguencia, Doménica Nicole; Miño Borja, María Daniela
Adolescence is the stage that addresses several physiological changes and increases energy needs, making it essential to have a healthy, balanced and optimal diet for proper growth and development. Eating habits are those in which the individual chooses what foods to eat and these habits acquired during childhood and adolescence will be a primary guide in adulthood. It is important to mention the need to engage in physical activity, since its benefits in adolescence are directly related to good overall health, such as physical, mental health, social, cognitive development, disease prevention and healthy habits. Objective: To relate the levels of eating habits and physical activity of adolescents aged 10 to 12 years of the San Diego de Alcalá Educational Unit in the city of Azogues in the period October 2024+ - March 2025. The study has a quantitative, analytical cross-sectional approach. The instrument was a validated survey. The population that participated in the research consisted of 113 adolescents. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0 program, in which frequencies and percentages are presented. The findings reveal a high nutritional level in adolescent students; however, a significant percentage of adolescents do not practice physical activity despite the efforts made to raise awareness of its preventive benefits. It is concluded that there is no significant correlation between the nutritional status of students and their physical activity.
Valoración del estado nutricional en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Paccha. Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-31) Ayavaca Loja, Lisseth Vanessa; Campoverde Orellana, Lady Mayte; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Background: Adolescence is a stage of physiological changes and changes in lifestyle, diet and physical activity, factors that are determinants of variations in nutritional status. Objective: Determine the nutritional status of adolescents who attend the Paccha Educational Unit, period October 2022 - April 2023. Method: A descriptive study was carried out with 167 people. Data was collected and analyzed in SPSS version 21.0. Central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) statistics were used. Data were presented with simple and contingency tables with frequencies and percentages. Results: The early adolescence group predominated (48.5%); a mean age of 13.68 years (± 1.65 years) was observed. Women prevailed with 59.3%. A higher prevalence of people with normal felling (43.1%) was observed; and a mean height of 1.52 m (± 7.8 cm) was obtained. Most people have normal weight (55.7%); a prevalence of 26.3% was identified for overweight and 8.4% for obesity; the mean observed BMI was 21.23 kg/m2 (± 3.18 kg/m2). 62.3% of people performed physical activity. 55.1% of people had a medium level of eating habits. 16.8% of overweight people did not perform physical activity. A considerable number of people (12%) with a high level of eating habits were overweight and obese. Conclusions: High numbers of overweight and obesity are observed, which correspond to the lack of exercise.
Valoración del estado nutricional y actividad física en los docentes del Colegio Nueve de Octubre de la ciudad de Machala, 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-13) Barriga Minuche, Gustavo Andrés; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in adults increases dramatically, causing millions of deaths per year. A factor related to malnutrition is sedentary lifestyle. These two problems increase the chances of suffering chronic diseases. Therefore, physical activity provides several benefits to the body against those diseases. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Determine the nutritional status and physical activity of the teachers who work in the High School Nueve de Octubre in the city of Machala, 2019. METHODOLOGY: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional, where 80 teachers were studied. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry and the GPAQ questionnaire was applied to determine physical activity. The data collected was recorded on a digital database in Microsoft Excel 2010. For the analysis and presentation of the results, the EPIDAT 4.2 program was used. RESULTS: The total prevalence of overweight and obesity in teachers was 83.76%. The cases of normality appeared in 16.25%. 43.75% of people had a diagnosis of visceral obesity and a high risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. 46.25% of teachers performed moderate physical activity, compared with 38.75% who performed low physical activity, the remaining 15% fulfilled high physical activity. CONCLUSION: The population studied showed mainly moderate levels of physical activity; however, approximately ¾ parts of the teachers presented a harmful body mass index, which means a health risk and an early exposure to chronic diseases.

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