Psicología Clínica

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Aceptación, rechazo y control parental percibido por niños en una escuela del cantón Suscal-Cañar
(2018) Palacios Moncayo, Ana Marianela; Quezada Cando, Katherine Alexandra; Palacios Madero, María Dolores
The purpose of this study is to describe the perception of acceptance, rejection and parental control of children who pertain to the school of Luis Napoleón Dillón in the Suscal canton which resides in the province of Cañar. This research followed a quantitative approach, whose non-experimental scope was descriptive and relational of cross-sectional. Throughout this research, socio-demographic records were used and the Acceptance-Rejection/ Parental Control questionnaire for children was applied (abbreviated form: PARQ / C; Rohner, 2005). The questionnaire is based on IPARtheory tries to predict and explain the main causes, consequences and correlations of acceptance-rejection and parental control (Rohner y Carrasco, 2014, p.9). For the statistical analysis, were compared the perceived to children according to sex and were related the age with dimensions of affection, rejection and the parental control. 107 children participated in this study. Their age ranged between 9 to 12 years old. They were in the last two years of middle school and, for the most part, were part of a nuclear family. Due to migration, a minority of these children lived with caregivers. The results of this study indicate a high tendency towards parental acceptance, that is to say, the majority of children perceive themselves as loved, supported and cared for. This study also presented low levels of rejection. Additionally, the study results show that boys and girls perceive their parental figures with high control attitudes.
Acoso escolar en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Francisco Febres Cordero en la ciudad de Cuenca, período 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-03) Lozado Rojas, Freddy Rodrigo; Narváez Segovia, Israel Giuspe; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Bullying is defined as the aggressive behavior of a student or a group towards another student repeatedly and constantly, using physical, verbal, psychological and social violence in order to harm the integrity of the other. This investigation aimed to describe bullying in high school students of the Francisco Febres Cordero Millennium Educational Unit in the city of Cuenca, period 2022. The study has a quantitative approach, a non-experimental - cross-sectional design, and a descriptive scope. The participants were 230 students with age X̅ 16.32. The adapted version of Mauricio Herrera-López of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) was applied, which allows identifying bullying and a sociodemographic record that characterized the participants. To carry out the data analysis, the SPSS v.25 program was used, identifying that 32.3% of the participants were in situations of bullying, with a predominance of victims with 18.3%; in addition, concerning sociodemographic variables, greater harassment was recorded in the second year of baccalaureate and was more common in men than women. It can be concluded, of the selected sample, 156 (67.8%) adolescents do not engage in bullying, and 74 (32.2%) identify with one of the roles of either victim, aggressor or aggressor victimized.
Acoso escolar y sus consecuencias psicológicas en las víctimas
(2015) Flores Flores, Mayra Alejandra; Durán Vanegas, María Augusta; Ordóñez Ordóñez, Miriam Carlota
This research is exploratory - descriptive, its purpose is to know what are the psychological consequences of bullying on victims, for which instrument used a questionnaire , which was applied to the study group consisting of 37 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years, of an educational unit of the urban area of the city of Cuenca, identified as victims of bullying ; after making the research process could be seen that there is a greater presence of interpersonal psychological consequences compared to the intrapersonal ; and of these , the highest incidence are: the loss of the ability to make friends , lack of confidence and the desire for revenge. The consequences contained in the theoretical part of the investigation, only apathy is not presented in the study group.
Acoso laboral y niveles de ansiedad en docentes que laboran en la Unidad Educativa Fe y Alegría de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador durante el periodo 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-23) Sigcha Zaruma, Fabricio Emmanuel; Cabrera Vélez, María Marcela
Actitudes erotofóbicas y erotofílicas en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2018) Narváez Montaño, Gabriel Alejandro; Valverde Palomeque, Katherine Ximena; López Alvarado, Silvia Lucía
Based on the importance to know attitudes towards sexuality in all stages of life, the aim of this study was to determine these attitudes towards sexuality, its relationship with sociodemographic factors, the stimuli that predominate in, and the comparison between genders in such attitudes of elderly adults. A descriptive-comparative study was conducted in which the EROS scale which evaluates the attitudes towards sexuality, focusing on the dimensions erotophobia and erotophilia was used. A total of 161 senior citizens, aged over 60 years old, 95 women and 65 men, who attend to the memory workshops offered by the IESS - Elderly Citizen Care Canter participated. The results have shown that elderly adults have a fair attitudes towards aspects and issues about sexuality, predominating erotophofobic attitudes towards homosexuality and unconventional sex; moderate attitudes on the subject of masturbation, and when bathing naked with another person; while erotophilia has been shown in aspects related to pleasure and visual stimuli such as books and movies with sexual content. There is a significant relationship with socio-demographic factors, with marital status, being divorced elderly adults whom scored the highest in erotophilia and single marital status in contrast, whom claimed to be erotophobics.
Adicción al internet y autoestima en estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, período 2020-2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-05) Moreno Calle, David Alejandro; Carrasco Vintimilla, Juana Lucía
Internet addiction and its impact on self-esteem has motivated multiple explorations in the field of scientific research. Due to the constant use of the Internet and its benefits-utilities, it has been shown that the young population is the one that uses this tool the most, so it is of interest to carry out an investigation in the Cuenca context, on its addictive potential and possible effects on self-esteem. The research was developed with a quantitative, crosssectional approach, a descriptive scope and a non-experimental design type. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca during the period 2020- 2021, with students belonging to the fifth year of clinical, educational and social psychology careers, who were a total of 100 students. For data processing, the statistical program SPSS V. 26 was used. The objectives set are the following; as a general objective we have to describe the levels of Internet addiction and self-esteem in students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca and, as specific objectives, it is proposed to determine the levels of Internet addiction and levels of self-esteem according to sociodemographic variables that they predominate in the students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca. To obtain the results, the Internet Addiction Test, the Rosenberg Scale for Self-esteem and a sociodemographic record were applied. The results showed that 73% of the students had normal levels of Internet addiction, while 54% of students have a medium level of self-esteem
Afrontamiento de adultos ante el duelo por pérdida de los padres en una funeraria de Cuenca
(2018) Quito Maza, Christian Paul; Trelles Calle, Daniel Edmundo; Espinoza Ortiz, Antonio
This research has as general objective to describe the coping strategies in adults after the mourning because of the death of their father and/or mother. The study was quantitative and the descriptive design was cross section. The research was made with 45 people, distributed in: 28 women and 17 men who had psychological assist in “el Centro de apoyo al duelo (CAD).” The instruments used were Sociodemographic Record, Inventory of Complicated Grief (IDC), and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). Among the main results it can be highlighted that social withdrawal is the most used coping strategy followed by the problem avoidance. Parallel to this result, solving problems is the least used strategy. After the IDC analysis, the results could be classified by absence and intensity of complicated grief. It was identified that 9 people have a serious presence of complicated grief; 25 moderate presence; 10 slight presence and 1 person does not have it. As a conclusion, the participants who use less problem solving as a coping strategy show moderate presence of complicated grief. The presence of a complicated grief in the studied population could be because of the fact that the most used coping strategy is a predictor of complicated grief.
Afrontamiento espiritual y calidad de vida en personas con esquizofrenia en un hospital psiquiátrico
(2019-06-14) Galarza Parra, Jhessenia Natalia; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects the proper functioning of those who experience it. The disease can lead to the development of spiritual coping strategies in order to reduce the discomfort caused by this circumstance and thus improve the quality of life of people. This research was quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross sectional. The aim was to describe the frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies and perception of the level of quality of life in people with schizophrenia in the Center of Rest and Addiction in the psychiatric hospital Humberto Ugalde Camacho in the city of Cuenca. The participants were 30 people between 19 and 67 years old with diagnosed of schizophrenia. The collection of information was carried out through a sociodemographic survey, the scale of spiritual coping strategies and the revised quality of life questionnaire. MCGILL. Data processing was carried out through the SPSS program. For the analysis of the information, were used techniques of descriptive statistics and the results were presented through tables and figures. There was a medium frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies (mean 33.25), those of a religious type were used mostly by women and non-religious ones by people who had sentimental couple The perceived level of quality of life of the participants was high (mean 1.97), those who had a sentimental couple presented higher levels in the physical, psychological, existential and in the total quality of life.
Afrontamiento espiritual y satisfacción con la vida en adultos con cáncer
(2018) Parra Merchán, Janeth Priscila; Velasco Pañi, Katherine Vanessa; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The objective of this research was to relate the frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies and the level of satisfaction with life in adults with cancer in the city of Cuenca. The study was developed with a quantitative approach, correlational scope and cross section. The total of the sample that participated in this investigation was of 70 participants belonging to the Oncology area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialties Hospital (IESS) in the city of Cuenca, to whom a sociodemographic record, Spiritual Coping Scale (SCS) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS). In relation to the results, the level of the life satisfaction of the oncological participants showed that it was slightly related to the use of spiritual coping strategies, (rs = .237; p = .048). That is why, the greater the use of spiritual coping strategies, the higher level of satisfaction with life. It is necessary to emphasize that the scales applied allowed us to identify the use of spiritual coping frequency and the level of satisfaction with life. As a conclusion of this, it can be said that it is important to promote, maintain and fortify the spiritual dimension in people who go through oncological experiences.
Agencia de autocuidado y satisfacción laboral en médicos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-13) Patiño Bravo, Valeria Emilia; Duque Espinoza, Paola Vanessa
The self-care agency in health professionals is a key mechanism to manage stressful events that can surround a public work context. The current pandemic has put health systems in check in terms of infrastructure, remuneration and equipment, which can affect the working conditions of doctors, their job satisfaction and their mental health in general. Therefore, the relationship between the self-care agency and the level of job satisfaction in physicians at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the city of Cuenca will be developed, and each of the variables involved will be described separately. The research was quantitative, with a descriptive and correlational scope, the sample was random with the participation of 63 doctors. For the data analysis, the IBM SPSS 27 Software was acquired, the self-care variable was measured with the ASA Self-Care Agency Scale, while job satisfaction with the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, the Cronbach's alpha of these instruments was .88 and .94, respectively. Finally, the results indicated a median positive relationship (r = .517) between self-care and job satisfaction, there were relevant for the dimensions of Personal Development and Personal Well-being in self-care while for job satisfaction in most dimensions there were tendencies to developed High, except for Benefits received and Physical environment, the importance of personal dispositions such as self-care in the disaggregated construct of job satisfaction is concluded
Alexitimia en adolescentes de tercero de bachillerato pertenecientes a una institución de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-02-03) Damián Ochoa, Carlos Jonnathan; Maldonado Pinos, Cinthya Melissa; Astudillo Ochoa, Juan Pablo
The stage of adolescence is an area of interest to be studied due to the various changes at the physical, social and above all emotional level that can affect the optimal development of this population. Regarding the emotional level, an al is identified as alextithymia AL inability to verbally describe and express one's own feelings, as well as identify affective states of others. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive research is to identify the percentage of third-grade adolescents of the Unidad Educativa Técnico Salesiano presenting AL. For this purpose, a sample of 175 participants between 16 and 18 years of age corresponding to the male and female sex was applied the Toronto Scale of AL (Martínez-Sánchez, 1996), Spanish adaptation. The results obtained allowed to know the AL index according to the sex and the factor of al established in the instrument, which has the greatest influence on adolescents. In conclusion, a considerable percentage of participants present AL marked (33.1%) and possible AL (31.4%), which should be taken into account as it is a risk factor for certain disorders and problems to which the adolescent population is most vulnerable.
Alexitimia en estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil y Artes Escénicas de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Artes en la Universidad de Cuenca marzo-agosto 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-16) Cobos Montaño, Anthony Miguel; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
The university student must stay in constant study and meet the various demands of the University, such as linking with society, autonomous work, and research; therefore, it is important to know their emotional state, since an emotional affectation can generate psychological affectations. Alexithymia is the inability to verbally express one's own and other’s emotions or feelings, in effect it generates an alteration in the affectivity of those who suffer from it. For this reason, this research described the levels of alexithymia in university students of the Civil Engineering and Performing Arts careers at the University of Cuenca in the period March-August 2022. The research was non-experimental, with a descriptive approach and cut in addition, the Spanish adaptation of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS20 was used in 220 students through a stratified probabilistic sampling and the SPSS version 28 program was used for statistical analyses. It was found that Civil Engineering students presented higher levels of alexithymia than Performing Arts students, on the other hand, women have higher levels of high alexithymia compared to men and the predominant factor in the participants was the thought factor externally oriented and the age with the highest level of alexithymia were 18-20 years of age. With the results, the levels of alexithymia presented by students in the different academic cycles were demonstrated to the university community, especially in Civil Engineering and Performing Arts, and the results were contrasted with other investigations on alexithymia.
Alteración de las funciones cognitivas en pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia en Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-12-11) Morejón Vásquez, Cesar Israel; Ordóñez Castillo, Verónica Katherine; Webster Cordero, Felipe Edmundo
Epilepsy tends to involve neuropsychological impairments according to its clinical manifestations, onset of epileptic symptoms, frequency, type of seizures and treatment. The objective of this research was to determine the impairment level of cognitive functions in patients who have been diagnosed with generalized seizures epilepsy and have attended “Jose Carrasco Arteaga” hospital in Cuenca. The research was carried out through a quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive approach. A socio-demographic record was applied to explore the characteristics of the participants, as well as the Brief Neuropsychological Assessment in Spanish (Neuropsi) to evaluate the degree or level of the cognitive impairment. This research was carried out with a sample of 60 patients, including men and women, between 18 and 65 years old. Among the most relevant results, we found that the participants presented difficulties in the areas of memory, language, reading and writing, whereas mnesic evocation area showed the most impairment.
Alteraciones cognitivas en las áreas de memoria y atención en hombres y mujeres internos por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los Centros de Rehabilitación 12 Pasos, Exitus, Proyecto Esperanza Sayausi y Punto de Decisión. Cuenca, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-21) Solano Toledo, Erika Thalía; Tene Brito, Katherine Cristina; Piedra Carrión, María José
Drugs are psychoactive substances that alter at a cognitive level the areas of attention, memory, language, executive functions, etc., affecting at the same time adaptation in the following spheres: school, work, family, personal and social. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive alterations in the areas of attention and memory of male and female patients who are consumers of CETAD 12 Pasos, Exitus, Proyecto Esperanza Sayausi and Punto de Decisión. The study was developed through a quantitative approach, with a nonexperimental design, cross-sectional and comparative scope, through the participation of 74 users, 37 women and 37 men, who were selected from a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience in the case of men and the entire population of women. As a result of the main objective, the presence of normal functioning in the areas of attention and memory in both sexes was obtained. However, there were moderate scores in two attention tests and in three memory tests, however, these were not statistically significant, so it is considered that substance use may or may not affect cognitive functioning in a similar way at different levels (normal, moderate and severe) in both men and women.
Alteraciones cognoscitivas en pacientes con drogodependencia institucionalizados en Cuenca - Ecuador
(2018) Zúñiga Bautista, Javier Mateo; Webster Cordero, Felipe Edmundo
In the present study, cognitive functions are evaluated in 30 institutionalized drug-dependent patients, compared to a control group of 30 subjects from the normal population. It is an observational, cross-sectional analytical study. Which had as objective, to identify the characteristics of the cognitive functions of the people with and without drug addiction. To this end, the Neuropsi Neuropsychological Brief in Spanish: Neuropsi was applied, which evaluates different areas of cognition: orientation, memory, language, writing, reading, executive functions, conceptual functions and motor functions. The results were against the differences between the groups. Knowing that the clinical group presents multiple cognitive alterations, and in general a lower performance of the tasks with respect to the control group, which does not present cognitive alterations at all. In the same way the evaluated patients presented a greater number of perseverations and intrusions than the control group, indicating an alteration of the cognitive functions related to the inhibitory brake (executive functions). The results can be established that drug users work cognitively differently from non-drug users. The two groups being different from each other.
Análisis académico respecto a la inteligencia emocional en la formación del psicólogo en la Universidad de Cuenca en el período 2019-2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-02) Guzmán Villavicencio, María Gabriela; Ortiz Ochoa, William Alfredo
Emotional intelligence contributes to the development of competencies and skills necessary to manage one's own and other people's emotions, including skills such as self-regulation, impulse control, anxiety control, mood regulation, motivation, optimism, empathy, among others, Given its importance in daily life, this research proposes the analysis of these skills within the framework of emotional intelligence in order to make visible the need to incorporate in the educational regulations and therefore in the curricula and syllabi, as mandatory subjects, that contribute to the development of emotional intelligence of students as a learning achievement. The research was exploratory in scope, transversal and non-experimental, the methodology used was qualitative, using as a technique for gathering information the semi-structured interview applied to a sample resulting from non-probabilistic sampling by non-random convenience and comprehensive reading. The information analysis techniques are content analysis, using Atlas. Ti 8 (Qualitative Data Analysis y Research Software). The results show that Emotional Intelligence has not received the necessary impulse, a situation that is evident in the educational regulations, where holistic education is mentioned, but it is not explicitly identified in the regulations, where priority is given to cognitive education, a situation that is reflected in the regulations of institutions that plan the development of academic intelligence over emotional intelligence. It is necessary to influence its incorporation in the educational processes, particularly of psychologists, who are responsible for guiding and guiding in the proper handling and management of emotions in order to contribute to individual, collective and professional welfare.
Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas según la percepción de padres y evaluación de la inteligencia en escolares de las unidades educativas de la ciudad de Cuenca en modalidad virtual, periodo marzo – agosto 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-16) Atamaint Torres, Gabriela del Rocío; Crespo Auquilla, Kevin José; Tacuri Reino, René David
The executive functions and the intelligence are elements of cognition thar are chararterized similarly to carry out complicated mental activities. Identifying the state of both variables in the scholar stage permits to decisions to guarantee adequate learning processes and problem- solving. During the pandemic, due to the confinement, the evaluation was a difficult factor to address telematically due to few assignments were able to be applied in an effective manner. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to correlate the executive functions from the parents' perception and the children's fluid intelligence in virtual modality. It was taken as a reference the answers of the 121 students and parents from the database of the Linkage Project of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca named "Apoyo en el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras e inteligencia emocional en unidades educativas 2021". The results were considered of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) and the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. The results obtained in the state of the executive functions and the intelligence evaluated did not indicate the presence of a significant alteration. Finally, the correlation of the variables that guide the study determined that there was a significant negative correlation between working memory and intelligence. On the contrary, inhibition variable with intelligence, there was a non-significant negative correlation.
Análisis relacional de la autoestima y violencia intrafamiliar en la niñez intermedia
(2017) Herrera Quinde, Alcides Marcelo; Zhuno Zhunio, Paola Cristina; Morales Quizhpi, Juana Agustina
The present research proposes the relational analysis of the levels of self-esteem and intrafamily violence in the boys and girls of the two Educational Units of the city of Cuenca. The approach used in this research was quantitative with descriptive scope; the study population consisted of 270 boys and girls whose representatives gave their assent, who were used as the first instrument; the Inventory of Child Abuse and Abuse Phrases of Beigbeder Agosta, C., Barilari, Z., Colombo, R (2001) which showed a total sample of 35 (13%) boys and girls who reported confirmed maltreatment and met the inclusion criteria. The Piers-Harris (1969) self-concept scale showed that 74% of the boys and girls participating in the study had low self-esteem, of this percentage 46% were women and 28% men, which linked to age are children 7 and 8 years. At the same time, the results obtained indicate that the correlation between self-esteem and intrafamily violence in the global analysis does not have correlational significance; the correlational coefficient gives us 3.6%. However, in the specific analysis of variables when measuring self-esteem was found significance between this one and age negatively correlated with 44%. In addition, a significant correlation of 21% was found between the variables family violence and age.
Ansiedad ante la muerte en adultos mayores del Centro Gerontológico Municipal El hogar de los abuelos en Cuenca en el período 2019 - 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-08) Heredia Rea, Viviana Carolina; Maldonado Carmona, Jaqueline Patricia; Piedra Carrión, María José
Death is an unknown event for every human being and when their existence is threatened tends to provoke anxiety, as it happens in the aging stage where the arrival to death is imminent. The present paper describes the different death anxiety levels in elder people according to different socio-demographic variables in Cuenca. The participants were 49 elders. The instruments applied in the research were the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire with 15 variables. The study approach was qualitative, with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope design. The results revealed that the participants had a low level of Death Anxiety. Moreover, some noticeable results for the DAS low level were: the physical afflictions, the place of origin, and the participants’ free-time activities
Ansiedad en el personal de primera línea de atención al Covid-19 en el Hospital General Macas-Morona Santiago-Ecuador, periodo 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-29) Cevallos Parra, Evelyn Michelle; Peña Contreras, Eva Karina
Anxiety is a common response, which is sometimes beneficial because it helps people to be alert to different situations, specifically dangerous situations, but when it persists for too long it can become pathological. Given the events caused by covid-19 in the months of 2020 and 2021, the presence of anxiety in all people increased significantly, especially in medical personnel, who have been facing this disease since the first line of changing their lifestyle. The general objective of this research was to establish the presence of anxiety in covid-19front-line personnel at the Macas- Morona Santiago-Ecuador General Hospital, period 2021, and to describe the relationship between the presence of anxiety and sociodemographic variables. The work has a quantitative, non- experimental and exploratory-descriptive approach. We worked with the approximate population of 59 people, including doctors, nurses, and assistants who make up the frontline staff of covid-19 care at Macas General Hospital. The instruments used were the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and a sociodemographic record. The results obtained indicate that there is a presence of anxiety in the population of this study, it was also found that the presence of anxiety is related to younger age, female sex, and single and married marital status.

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