Psicología Clínica

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Cuidadores informales de pacientes psiquiátricos: sobrecarga y calidad de vida
(2015) Martínez Flores, Erika Tatiana; Sisalima Flores, Jaime Patricio; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
People with mental illnesses need extra care, and the informal caregiver who gives this must cope with, in addition to this task, their exposure to overload and the deterioration of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to establish the overload and quality of life in informal caregivers of psychiatric patients. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted where a survey was used to identify socio-demographic characteristics, the Zarit scale to measure the overload and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to ascertain the quality of life. The participants were 30 informal caregivers who were responsible for psychiatric patients. It concluded that the caregivers are generally women, mothers of patients with basic educations and without income. Of all the participants, half showed indications of overload; men were more intensely affected. Women are more affected in overall aspects of quality of life: physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment; both men and women were mostly affected as respects their psychological health.
Acoso escolar y sus consecuencias psicológicas en las víctimas
(2015) Flores Flores, Mayra Alejandra; Durán Vanegas, María Augusta; Ordóñez Ordóñez, Miriam Carlota
This research is exploratory - descriptive, its purpose is to know what are the psychological consequences of bullying on victims, for which instrument used a questionnaire , which was applied to the study group consisting of 37 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years, of an educational unit of the urban area of the city of Cuenca, identified as victims of bullying ; after making the research process could be seen that there is a greater presence of interpersonal psychological consequences compared to the intrapersonal ; and of these , the highest incidence are: the loss of the ability to make friends , lack of confidence and the desire for revenge. The consequences contained in the theoretical part of the investigation, only apathy is not presented in the study group.
Impacto de la mastectomía en el autoconcepto de mujeres con cáncer de mama
(2015) Marín Ramón, Tatiana Karen; Torres Sarango, Natalia Elizabeth; Bueno León, Juan Pablo
Objective: To identify the effects of mastectomy on the self-concept of a woman with breast cancer, which has undergone a mastectomy. Materials and Methods: Study quality-quantitative type, with a descriptive scope, in which 10 women with breast cancer who attended FUPEC (United for the Sick Child Cancer) participated. A semi structured interview, one Socioeconomic Tab, Body Image Scale Hopwood and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was applied. For information processing SPSS (version 19), with which the bivariate analysis between sociodemographic variables and the results of the scales were performed and discourse analysis of the interview was conducted by Atlas Ti program was used (Version 6) to determine feelings and thoughts about the mastectomy and the impact on their self. Results: The scales show that body image and self-esteem are in a normal range, although the issues identified affected are the affective and evaluative part. On the other hand, in the interviews, it was found that there is still no complete acceptance, as shown dissatisfaction regarding their body and therefore the self-worth. In this sense, it is concluded that self-concept would find altered.
Estrategias de afrontamiento en varones drogodependientes en proceso de rehabilitación en comunidad terapéutica
(2015) Criollo Chimbo, María Elizabeth; Guerrero Fernández, Julia Maricela; Webster Cordero, Felipe Edmundo
In this research the coping strategies used by drug addicts subjects at different stages of change within the treatment schedule so that they can face the problems of drug addiction and thus have a better quality of life will be studied. Participants were members of the Therapeutic Community Thirst for Life "CETVI" between the ages of 19-70 years. The approach is quantitative, exploratory-descriptive. The instruments used were the URICA and COPE-28 Likert-type scales measuring the stages of change and coping strategies respectively. Conclusion: Coping strategies are an effective tool in the rehabilitation process, determining religion and subjects most commonly used strategy. No relation to the stages of change involved in the addiction treatment program was found.
Las esferas del mundo afectadas y estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por personas adultas en la elaboración del duelo por muerte de un progenitor
(2015) Alvarado Ortega, Nataly Fernanda; Webster Cordero, Felipe Edmundo
The main goal of this study is to identify the strategies when dealing with the elaboration of mourning due to a parent’s death, and the spheres of the world that are affected in adults. Therefore, it was posed to distinguish between male and female: the confrontation strategies and the spheres of the world that are the most affected. It was carried a qualitative study with an exploratory and descriptive scope where it was used a no random accidental sample of fifteen men and fifteen women within an age range from 18 to 60. The outcomes demonstrated that in male and female after a parent´s loss, the most affected sphere of the world is the personality. As to the confrontation strategies, significant differences were found between male and female. Women reached a high level when seeking strategies namely the search of social support, acknowledgment of the responsibility, planning, escape-avoidance, positive reevaluation and recognition while men registered low rates in these strategies.
Factores asociados a recaídas de alcohólicos rehabilitados que concurren a grupos de apoyo
(2015) Cuji Cordova, Wilmer Dionicio; Tixi Sotamba, Javier Patricio; González Maldonado, Rosana de Lourdes
The present investigation was conducted with the participation of individuals of 18-65 years alcohol dependent recovery that have previously fallen but are now turning to groups of Alcoholics Anonymous in the city of Cuenca. The purpose of the study was an analysis of the factors affecting relapse rehabilitated persons making these vulnerable to a new stage of consumption. The research undertaken is within the qualitative paradigm, the same that ran in different self-help groups of the city of Cuenca. It was used as a research tool a structured interview, which was previously validated by the authors, their application aimed to collect information necessary to meet the objectives, the information obtained was transcribed and analyzed using Atlas ti program, version 7.0 The most relevant results indicate that a childhood troubled, dysfunctional environments, marital problems, poor communication, return to denial, self-reliance at the individual and expose people to be capable of returning to old groups of friends and drinking places for shelter with misconceptions which they are the only places where they are understood. Besides the presence of alcohol in most places where people attend, and the fact that society does not see consumption as a problem, it creates favorable for stronger relapses take place.
El autoconcepto en adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual
(2015) Coronel Maurat, Jorge Mario; Peña Contreras, Eva Karina
The current study denominated Self-Concept in adolescents with intellectual disabilities had as general objective to describe the self-concept in adolescents with mild mental and borderline intelligence. We worked with twenty seven participants and we used the «AF-5 Questionnaire form». All the participants were diagnosed with mild mental and borderline intelligence. The final results described that teenagers with mental disabilities showed lowers or negatives scores, this results are more common in the family area, and this values are more recurrent in women, followed in the social dimension and next on the academic situation. The highest levels of self-concept between males and females are registered in the physical dimension, followed by the emotional area as well.
Violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo de jóvenes universitarias
(2015) Avilés Hurtado, Estefanía Alexandra; Parra Contreras, Adriana Cristina; Abril Mogrovejo, Felipe Adriano
Violence in dating relationships is an important topic because it existence as well as the consequences that this entails, we have only empirically; that is why our research arises from the need to obtain data that allow us to demonstrate a clear and objective reality. The main objective of this research is to characterize the violence in dating relationships in university students in the city of Cuenca; which will allow us closer to knowing this reality linked to gender violence and violence in general, while verifying how common these practices are in a relationship. The research developed model is within the quantitative paradigm, with exploratory and descriptive scope, the same that was executed in the urban area, at the institutional level, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cuenca. 224 women whose age was between 18 to 25 years were studied. The responses were recorded using a Likert scale measuring violent behavior in dating. Finally the answers were grouped into three types of events: physical violence, psychological violence and coercive and controlling behaviors. Finally we could conclude that violence, one way or another, is present in some of the dating relationships of university students, turning into a situation that should generate concern necessary and appropriate by the entities related to the topic of violence, because it constitutes a fundamental step in the socio-emotional development in humans, as a way to implement loving interactions that subsequently give rise to the formation of families, it is essential that they are as healthy as possible.
Factores asociados a la depresión en el adulto mayor institucionalizado
(2015) Silva González, Marlene Maritza; Vivar Vásquez, Valeria Priscila; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
Objective: Identify factors associated with depression in the institutionalized older adult. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of mixed character, the case study method was also used. Population: 8 elderly institutionalized in the Gerontological Foundation Plenitud of the city of Cuenca. Instruments such as the Geriatric Depression Scale Yesavage (GDS), observation guide (Q-LES-Q) Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (IMSOL-AM), medical history, semi-structured interview, Inventory Stories losses, were applied. The independent variables were studied: Loneliness, adaptation, reason for admission. It was made a Bivariate analysis of depression and the independent variables. Analysis by percentage, association (chi-square p) in SPSS 22 and ATLAS.ti programs.Results: The prevalence of depression obtained in this study was 50%, this percentage obtained 25.0% mild depression, 12.5% moderate depression and severe depression 12, 5%. Associated factors such as: loss of roles, dependency status, lack of emotional support networks, the presence of dysfunctional patterns and comorbidity with processes of unresolved grief favor the emergence of depressive symptoms in older adults. It was found also that the three independent variables are predictors of depression as explained 85% variance of the dependent variable levels of depression (R2 = 0.85).
Estudio de los estados emocionales de los niños cuyos padres se encentran en proceso de separación
(2016) García Guevara, Ana Lorena; Mora Carpio, Mayra Fernanda; Ordóñez Ordóñez, Miriam Carlota
This study is qualitative, with a descriptive level, its purpose is to describe and understand the emotional states of children whose parents are in the process of separation. We applied two instruments: a) a semi-structured interview applied to six parents, which was validated by a pilot test and an academic couple, and b) the projective test of drawing the human figure by Koppitz applied to eight children, that they receiving psychological care at the Institute of Criminology, Forensic and Family Psychosocial Intervention, at the University of Cuenca, instruments that allowed to know the emotional states, emotions, symptoms and emotional indicators of children investigated. The results showed that the predominant emotional state in those children is the anxious, followed by angry and stressed out; there is the presence of emotions like anxiety, anger, besides sadness and these are evident in children with symptoms such as nervousness, difficulty concentrating, anger, aggression, tantrums, and this all hinder proper development them in children´s affective area giving rise to difficulties in their learning and in their relationships
Ansiedad y depresión, en adultos varones drogodependientes, en proceso de internamiento
(2016) Araujo Quinde, Gabriela Elizabeth; Clavijo Coronel, Fernanda Piedad; Álvarez Idrovo, Ivonne Elizabeth
This work seeks to identify the levels of anxiety and depression in the stages of a commitment process, as well as to determine the stage in this process when there is a higher level of anxiety and depression. This investigation adopted a quantitative approach at an exploratory-descriptive level. The process to collect information has three instruments: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Neuropsi Screener. The sample consisted of 40 male users from the Addition Rehabilitation Center of Esperanza Project, aged 18-65. After the analysis, it was concluded that: a higher rate of absence of anxiety exists at the admission stage; regarding the progress stage, it has been observed that moderate anxiety prevails, this stage being the one when the highest anxiety level exists. Finally, at the discharge stage, we find that the prevailing rates are non-anxious, followed by highly severe anxiety. As far as depression is concerned, the admission stage evidences light depression and this level is maintained along the progress stage. Finally, at the discharge stage, there is no depression but highly severe depression follows.
Bienestar de personas con y sin discapacidad física que se encuentran en la adultez media
(2016) Coronel Cácerez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Fiallos Iglesias, Vanessa Geovanna; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
The purpose of this study was to determine if self-efficiency, gratitude as well as health subjective perception are related to the well-being of people in middle adulthood, with and without physical disabilities. The survey was made taking into account 30 disable adults and 30 not disabled adults, aged 40 to 64 years old. In order to accomplish the objective of this investigation, we applied the following scales: the "Perma Scale", which evaluates 5 Wellbeing pillars, relevant to Martin Seligman Theory. The McCullough, Emmons & Tsang (2002) questionnaire of dispositional gratitude; and the Generalized Self Efficiency scale, created by Judith Bäßler, Ralf Schwarzer& Matthias Jerusalem.The sociodemographic variables of the study were collected using a questionnaire developed by the research team. The results showed that individuals with or without physical disabilities do not present substantial differences regarding the average well-being level. On the other hand, the study demonstrates that self-efficiency, gratitude and health subjective perception are a suitable predictors of the wellbeing levels.
Perspectivas sobre asertividad sexual en madres adolescentes de la ciudad de Azogues
(2016) Heras Gutiérrez, Carolina Fernanda; León Contreras, Carlos Hennry; López Alvarado, Silvia Lucía
The teenage pregnancy has been a phenomenon of a lot of concerns and research in different contexts However, it is still scarce the integral understanding about the exercise of communication regarding with aspects related to the sexual life - known as sexual assertiveness- in teenage intimate relationships. The interest to understand the exercise of sexual assertiveness of adolescents who became mothers during this period, has brought us to develop this study. The aim of this research was to explore the perspectives of teenage mothers with regard to their sexual assertiveness. A qualitative study with the use of six semi-structured interviews to adolescents who became mothers during this period was conducted. After the thematic analysis, the results allowed us to evidence the existing difficulties in the exercises ofsexual assertiveness such as: difficulties to know how to refuse to have sexual intercourse; lack of knowledge about birth control methods and such impact is reflected in the inadequate use of the emergency pill;;some barriers like shame with regard to communication about sexual aspects.. Additionally, it is evident the importance of the use health services and educative programs to improve the exercise of sexual assertiveness.
Percepción del adolescente frente a la comunicación con sus padres en un colegio de Cuenca
(2016) Ruilova Vallejo, Juan Daniel; Aguilar Sizer, Mónica Elisa
The following work has aims to determine how the teenager perceives the communication with their parents, the predominant discourse in our Western society says that this stage of transition between childhood and adulthood is full of conflicts teenager is on a quest for independence that generates conflicts with parents before his attempts to strengthen the external relations to the family giving greater importance to the peer group. For this reason arises to studying the perception of the teenager from communication with his parents in 154 students in a high-school in Cuenca applying the scale "PACS", to then analyze the questions and percentage data that will have a global vision about the topic. For this pilot test was taken 21 young people on the basis of which it was decided to slightly modify terms in the instrument to facilitate the understanding of it, without altering the evaluated data. At the end of the investigation could determine that adolescents perceive that there is better communication with the mother, we also found that in some respects is needed to strengthen communication for example in: the ability of intuition, in confidence and openness to talk about all the issues .
Evaluación de los rasgos de personalidad en varones internados en Centros de Adicciones
(2016) Mejía Zhagüi, Jenny Paola; Romero Tacuri, Andrea Yessenia; Cañizares Abril, Lauro Esteban
This investigation had as a fundamental purpose to describe the personality traits present in patients that have been hospitalized in rehabilitation clinics for substance abuse or dependence, besides to establish the presence of the clinical syndromes and measure them in our study. It was performed one exploratory and descriptive research with a quantitative approach, for which was applied the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Invetory (MCMI-III), which is used to evaluate 11 clinical personality patterns, 3 scales of severe personality pathology and 10 clinical syndromes. This study was realized whit 50 men in rehabilitation, 10 of which were excluded because they not fulfil the inclusion criteria. The results showed changes in personality, presenting a higher prevalence of antisocial personality disorder, followed by the narcissistic and paranoid disorders respectively. Meanwhile, personality traits corresponded to higher prevalence of antisocial, narcissistic and paranoid traits.
La discriminación racial en la niñez media
(2016) Quinde Idrovo, Boris Rodrigo; Abril Mogrovejo, Felipe Adriano
This research was conducted with the participation of boys and girls aged 7-11 years. They are students from the Hector Sempertegui School in the city of Cuenca. The purpose of the study was to identify racial discrimination in children of these ages. The research carried out is within the mixed qualitative-quantitative paradigm and was carried out with the authorization of their legal representatives. As a research tool, a structured interview was used, while safeguarding the identity of children, as validated in other research. Its application aimed to collect information necessary to meet the objectives. The information obtained was transcribed and analyzed using the Excel 2007 program. The most significant results point to a high level of racial preference, with less stereotypes and prejudices towards the white doll, while the black color allocated more prejudices and stereotypes.
Personalidad de adolescentes en proceso de rehabilitación de drogas
(2016) Torres Carrión, Ana Gabriela; Mogrovejo Mora, Juan Pablo
The present investigation raised the objectives to identify and describe the most relevant personality traits in male adolescents in the process of rehabilitation of drug abuse or dependence of substances, also identified the types of drugs frequently consumed, and made the association between the traits and the predominant drug consumption. Attended by 45 young men with a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, with a process of placement in a rehabilitation center, with ages between 14 and 18 years. For this research data was used: The Clinical Inventory for adolescents, MACI, Spanish adaptation, which conducted the evaluation of the personality and a questionnaire on drug consumption in adolescents to identify the types of drugs that are consumed with greater frequency. The results confirm the existence of dominant personality traits in adolescents, these being the Rebel and Rude traits (antisocial personality). It has also been found a high prevalence of cannabis and cocaine base, substances that are consumed mostly by teenagers with these personality characteristics.
Bienestar y autoeficacia en adultos mayores que acuden a servicios sociales
(2016) Aguirre Mosquera, Juan Fernando; Naranjo Cabrera, Edwin Alexander; Peña Contreras, Eva Karina
The present study is correlational cross study, with a sample taken from a group of 100 older adults, 68 women and 32 men, attending the same social service centers. The objectives set here are: To determine the correlation between self-efficacy and welfare, to know the levels of perceived welfare and identify the sociodemographic variables that affect welfare. The instruments used were: PERMA Margaret Kern and Julie Butler (2013), the Self-Efficacy Scale General Baessler and Schwarzer (1996), adapted to Spanish by Sanjuan, Perez Bermudez, and a questionnaire scale to collect information from sociodemographic variables. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 20 program, and the results showed that there is significant correlation between welfare and perceived self-efficacy for elderly attending social services; it was also found that the perceived levels are higher in women than in men.
Bienestar de personas con o sin discapacidad física que se encuentran en la adultez temprana
(2016) Cordero Calle, Carmen Eugenia; Roa Palomeque, Alejandra Karina; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
This research is a cross-correlational type, sample consists of 60 young adults, 30 people with disabilities and 30 them. Some of the objectives proposed for the study were: compare the levels of welfare in young adults with or without physical disabilities and determine if there is a relationship between levels of self-efficacy, gratitude and perception of health and welfare. Applied instruments were: Perma scale of Martin Seligman, the questionnaire of gratitude from McCullogh, Emmons and Tsang, translated by Beléndez, the Spanish version of the scale of generalized self-efficacy of Babler, Schwarzer, Kwiatek, Schröder& Zhang adapted by Sanjuan, Perez and Bermúdez and a questionnaire for measuring sociodemographic variables. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program and as results, the research revealed that from the total sample there are high levels of welfare, however, significant differences were found in the two groups, being lower levels of welfare within people with disabilities. In addition, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the levels of welfare and levels of self-efficacy, gratitude and perception of health in young adults with or without disabilities.
Bienestar en adultos mayores con o sin discapacidad
(2016) Salinas Calle, María Gabriela; Valarezo Toro, Mery Tatiana; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
The aging population has increased globally. In Ecuador it is estimated that 6.5% of the population are elderly people. This phenomenon of aging often carries some type of disability; this disability is perceived as a threat to their welfare levels. That is why in the present study of correlational and transversal type, it is proceeded to determine if there are differences in the welfare levels in a study of 60 elderly people with and without some kind of disability in the Azuay province. Moreover, the general objective pretends to determine if self-efficacy, gratitude, and social contribution are related with the welfare perceived by elderly people with and without a disability; for which the next instruments were used: Perman scale according to the theory of Seligman; the questionary of gratitude that was created by McCullogh to evaluate the dispositional gratitude; also it was applied the Spanish Adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale by Judith Bäßler Ralf Schwarzer & Matthias Jerusalem. Sociodemographic variables were collected through a questionnaire developed for this study. As a main result; this study obtained a little significant difference between the two groups. The elderly people with and without disabilities experience high levels of welfare, which can be explained by the impact of some sociodemographic factors that are very similar in both groups. In addition, it was determined that the welfare variable is explained by the variables of self-efficacy, gratitude and social contribution, which allows us to infer that there is a significant dependence relationship between welfare and these variables.

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