Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Tesis Maestrías

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Aceptación y actitudes hacia las vacunas contra COVID-19 en cuidadores de niños entre las edades 5 - 12 años en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante el año 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-04) Blandín Lituma, Paula Eliana; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath
Background: Sars-CoV-2 is the causal agent of COVID-19, a virus that caused the global pandemic with 765 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths (Ndwandwe & Wiysonge, 2021). The need to understand the factors that are present in society and that caused vaccine hesitancy became a challenge during the pandemic, therefore; Several investigations have been dedicated to studying the opinions of caregivers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. Objectives: Determine the level of acceptance and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines by caregivers of children between the ages of 5 - 12 years in the city of Cuenca and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study with convenience sampling applied to caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 in the city of Cuenca (n=458). Results: The population surveyed is 458 participants, where an acceptance of 87,9% was obtained by the caregivers of children from 5 to 12 years old, variables such as gender and ease of vaccination; They were aspects that contributed to the acceptance of vaccines. Conclusions: Perceptions of the short protection period of the vaccines, the unreliable supply of vaccines that Ecuador was going to have contributed to the rejection; This is not the case with the ease of being able to vaccinate children, especially mothers whose predisposition to vaccinating their children is greater.
Adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH que acuden al Hospital Darío Machuca Palacios del cantón La Troncal de octubre 2022 a marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-30) Buestan Rodríguez, Jorge Eduardo; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, achieving undetectable viral loads in the blood, prevents its spread, prolongs and improves the patient's quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate adherence to ART in HIV patients attending the Darío Machuca Palacios Hospital in La Troncal canton from October 2022 to March 2023, being of a descriptive observational type with a population of 80 patients registered in the comprehensive care unit (UAI) of the Darío Machuca Palacios Hospital in La Troncal canton, Patient information was obtained by applying the questionnaire "Evaluation of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment (CEAT-HIV) prior to signing the informed consent form, and CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load were taken from the IAU matrix. SPSS v23 was used for tabulation, data processing and statistical analysis. The average age was 37.58 years, the predominant age group was 31-50 years with 51.2%, male sex 52.5%, single marital status 46.3%, the level of adherence found was 37.5% insufficient adherence to antiretroviral treatment, 26.25% had low adherence, 23.75% had adequate adherence, and only 12.5% had strict adherence to antiretroviral treatment. It was found that most of the patients had insufficient adherence to antiretroviral treatment. The duration of ART has a statistically significant relationship with adherence to antiretroviral treatment P= 0.021.
Alteraciones hematológicas en despachadores de gasolina expuestos a la mezcla benceno - tolueno - etilbenceno - xileno de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2019-02-28) Chacón Vélez, Jennifer Yadira; Rosas Castro, Ruth Eugenia
In this study, the hematological alterations in the gasoline dispensers in the Benceno - Tolueno - Etilbenceno - Xilenos mixture from Cuenca city were determined. The study population was consisted of 40 gasoline dispensers who belong to five service stations located within the urban perimeter of Cuenca city. Air samples were taken from the breathing zone using Radiello® passive samplers, which were placed on the flap of the dispatchers' uniform during a working day. Next, the sampler was removed and liquid desorption was carried out with CS2 and then it was analyzed using a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. Also, the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin, corpuscular media, a peripheral blood sample at the end of the working day was determined. The results obtained for both benzene, ethylbenzene and xylenes were found below the limit of detection (LOD) of the chromatographic method used in the investigation, only toluene could be identified in 7.5% of the total employees, in the present study it was evidenced that gasoline dispatchers did not present any haematological alteration due to their exposure to fuel during their working day, however, it will help the authorities of the Service Stations in Cuenca city could improve or implement a more rigorous plan of preventive measures to protect the health of their employees.
Análisis de correlación entre rasgos socio demográficos, riesgos psicosociales y manifestación de enfermedades dentro de los colaboradores de COAC Jardín Azuayo
(2018) Ordoñez Rodriguez, Franklin Oswaldo; Astudillo Iñiguez, Stephany Fernanda
In the Ecuadorian territory there is no clear methodology to identify and measure psychosocial risk and its incidence with health, now if we consider a service institution where dealing with people prevails it will mark a large level of attention, the behavior will influence notably with the degree of tolerance in their performance, as the demands for the fulfillment of unattainable goals, the non-consideration of bottlenecks cause errors in the activities leading to stressors. The COAC Jardín Azuayo is a financial institution that has grown remarkably in recent years, so the analysis study is carried out based on medical data of its collaborators and its relationship to certain stressful situations that could affect or aggravate their health as well as the socio-demographic features. There are several scientific investigations that support that and its relationship between psychosocial risks and health in different aspects such as digestive, cardiovascular, behavioral such as anxiety and depression, headaches, etc. The problem to be determined and its study through methodologies tested by other countries consists of a scientific validation that has been endorsed by their governments for the realization of them, as they describe their functionality and effectiveness to determine conditions with results focused on the existence of risk psychosocial and its relation to diseases.
Análisis de efectos fisiológicos en el ser humano debido a descargas atmosféricas que impactan líneas aéreas de distribución eléctrica.
(2018) Ñauta Ñauta, Adrian Eugenio; Morales García, John Armando
Electric energy in Ecuador is widely available for houses, industries, among others using advance power electronics systems. It is clear that human beings can be exposed to different effects of electric current. Because of its geographical conditions, Ecuador is located in a high and unpredictable isokeraunic zone which describes atmospheric discharges with high voltages and currents. That incurs in damage upon power distribution systems and health of people. In this thesis, a detailed analysis is presented based on a simulation process of the human body model, the distribution feeder and the direct and indirect atmospheric discharges in order to obtain values of current intensity that could enter the human body. Subsequently, by means of a stochastic analysis, it was possible to classify the physiological effects according to the current level. Regarding the simulation process, 21 values of current intensity due to atmospheric discharges were considered, 6 distances to which the atmospheric discharge impacts; and additionally 4 transversal distances corresponding to indirect rays were simulated, where an analysis of more than 3000 cases was performed, respectively. Results of this thesis work, show that different cases of atmospheric discharges can cause physiological effects on the human body, ranging from muscle contractions, alteration in blood pressure, respiratory distress, severe burns, fibrillations and cardiac arrest with high probability of death.
Análisis de factores de riesgo ergonómico y su influencia en la aparición de trastornos músculo esqueléticos (TME) en trabajadores de una empresa de ingeniería y construcción en el oriente ecuatoriano
(2018) Tacuri Vintimilla, Patricia Maribel; Espinoza Hernández, Paulina Rebeca
The population of this research consisted of a total of 479 workers from a construction company in the north-east of Ecuador. Samples have been taken from 24 workers who occupy positions as mason, blacksmith and chainsaw operator, and who have worked for at least 06 months in the company. In order to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the personnel, the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire has been used together with the clinical history of the patient, and the results of a specific physical exam. 88.3% of the masons have shown musculoskeletal discomfort, of which 50% are in the lumbar region and 30% in the upper limb. In the group of blacksmiths, 88.8% present general discomfort. From that percentage 75% are in the lumbar region, and 25% in the upper limb. In the group of chainsaw operators, 100% have MSD in the lumbar region. The ergonomic postural evaluation method (REBA) was applied for the evaluation of 3 main tasks in each position, and it was shown that for the mason's position the final result is 11 with a very high-risk level for 2 from the 3 tasks analyzed. In the blacksmiths position the obtained result is between 6 and 10 (medium and high risk) for the 3 tasks analyzed. Finally, for the position of chainsaw operator 2 of the 3 tasks were rated 11 and 13 (very high risk). Action should be taken immediately.
Análisis de la cadena de suministro del cacao en la federación APEOSAE bajo el modelo SCOR
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-09) Espinosa Cumbicus, Johanna Del Cisne; Llivisaca Villazhañay, Juan Carlos
The present study proposes an improvement plan based on the analysis of the SCOR model for the cocoa supply chain in the APEOSAE Federation. The specific objectives include mapping the supply chain using the SCOR model and designing an improvement proposal. The SCOR model was employed as the independent variable, providing a standardized framework for analysis and diagnosis, while the cocoa supply chain of APEOSAE was defined as the dependent variable. The methodology included a census sampling, covering all supply chain processes from harvest to return, complemented by structured interviews and field observation. The results reveal that, although the organization efficiently manages sourcing and inbound logistics, there are critical deficiencies in planning and production. These areas, especially inventory management and production infrastructure, need substantial improvements. The implementation of improvement strategies, the adoption of advanced technologies, and the application of best practices are presented as viable solutions to optimize the supply chain, reduce costs, and increase quality and customer satisfaction. The research highlights the utility of the SCOR model to identify and evaluate key processes, suggesting that its systematic application can lead to significant improvements in operational efficiency and competitiveness of the cocoa supply chain in the APEOSAE Federation.
Análisis de la dispensación de medicamentos corticoesteroides e intervención farmacéutica a pacientes adultos en el área de consulta externa de traumatología del Hospital Básico Inginost de la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-06) Collaguazo Fiallo, Mishell Andrea; Escobar Arrieta, Sandra Noemi
Corticosteroids constitute a therapeutic arsenal by acting as anti-inflammatories, being an integral part of pharmacological management. Medication dispensing is a useful tool for the patient to know the correct use of prescribed drugs. That is why this titration work carried out in the pharmacy service of the INGINOST Cia Ltda Basic Hospital, firstly, analyzed the dispensing of corticosteroid medications; and, secondly, a pharmaceutical intervention was developed through a quasi-experimental design in order to evaluate whether the participants' knowledge changed before and after the intervention. The results reported that the necessary advice is not provided for proper use of corticosteroids, the medications prescribed by the doctor do not coincide with what is recommended in the pertinent therapeutic guidelines. After the pharmaceutical intervention, the participants acquired more solid knowledge about the correct use of the prescribed medications as well as a guide on how to use them appropriately with recommendations on adverse effects and interactions. Therefore, it was concluded that the main corticosteroid dispensed was Betamethasone Dipropionate, Betamethasone Phosphate 2mg+5mg, this drug was prescribed in the majority of participants, reaching 70%. Taking into account the results and applying Mcnemar's statistical test, it was possible to show that, with p < 0.05, there were significant changes in knowledge about the use of corticosteroid medications.
Análisis de la relación entre la carga postural y los factores de riesgo psicosocial en los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana y la Universidad del Azuay
(2019-06-18) Santamaría Rubio, Ana Yadira; Rodas Tobar, Mónica Isabel
Objective: To analyze the relationship between the postural load and the psychosocial risk factors to which the students of Electronic Engineering of two universities are exposed. Methodology: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study in 78 students. The postural load was evaluated with the REBA method, for the calculation of the prevalence the Nordic Questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms was applied. The psychosocial risk factors were evaluated with the questionnaires of intra- and extra-employment conditions, of the battery of psychosocial risk assessment instruments of Colombia. Results: 82.05% (UDA) and 83.73% (UPS), of the postures evaluated, obtained a high risk for postural load, showing a high frequency of neck flexion between 0-20º in the two universities and 20 -60º in back flexion in the UPS. 69.23% (UDA) and 79.49% (UPS) showed a prevalence of pain symptoms in some body area, the most representative being neck and back symptoms. The demand for work (53.85% UDA, 69.23% UPS) and most of its dimensions were the most influential in the level of intra-labor risk. The level of extra-labor risk was high in all dimensions and higher in the UPS. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the postural load and any of the psychosocial risk factors. Conclusions: Although there is no significant evidence, intervention aimed at the prevention of ergonomic and psychosocial risk is necessary, given the high levels present in students.
Análisis de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal de la Empresa Intal Cía. Ltda.
(2017) Tintin Cornejo, Emerson Santiago; Álvarez Palomeque, Lourdes Ximena
Psychosocial risk factors are part of occupational risks, as such, expose the worker to the deterioration of their health as a result of their work; they are also considered aggravating of other risk factors. The objective of the present study was to describe the psychosocial risk factors to which the workers of the company INTAL Cía. Ltd., are exposed; through its identification, evaluation and analysis. For this, the Method CoPsoQ-ISTAS-21 (2) was used in its average version with the application of a standardized questionnaire to the entire staff. As results were obtained that the dimensions: Work Rate (80%), Role Conflict (72.5%), Quantitative Requirements (62.5%) and Emotional Requirements (51.3%), are those that expose employees to the most unfavorable situations for your health. The exposure to psychosocial risk factors in the evaluated company, have to do with the high amount of tasks and insufficient time to execute them, added to the ignorance of the responsibilities and functions of each job. In order to face these organizational conditions of work, a Plan of Preventive Measures was proposed.
Análisis de los riesgos laborales a los que están expuestos los trabajadores de una empresa de transporte pesado del cantón Cuenca y elaboración de un plan de acción
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-12-12) Narea Sánchez, Vicente Fernando; Vázquez Zamora, Carlos Alberto
A cross section field research was made due to expose labor hazards of a cargo truck company. The qualitative analysis was carried out on the total amount of employees, and the based on this result a quantitative analysis was made over the operational job as well. This study begun classifying job levels and its activities, then an analysis of labor force was conducted to address risks, following to point out some labor protection policies. In order to determine the level of risks a Colombian manual of risk labor procedures was used GTC-45. For the environmental noise impact an analysis was used, based on the format NTE ISO 9612, for the lightening comparison some measured levels were contrast with the ones found in the D.E. 2393 for ergonomic risks the approach Reba was used and the psychological threat procedures were provided by the Work Ministry. To conclude this research, we achieve to the conclusion that most of the administrative staff are exposed to environmental noise risk with the operational area as well, mainly to ergonomic risks and over exposition to noise impact. The validation of doses received LEX, 8h> 85dB and > 1 in the majority of job locations, within the validation of ergonomic risks high and higher levels were found and also some job positions had lack of lightening, regarding to psychological threat some dimensions present high risk.
Análisis de riesgos ergonómicos en los trabajadores de operaciones de obra civil y su relación con la productividad, aplicado a EMAPAL EP
(2017) Morocho Calle, Eliana de Lourdes; Soria Alvarez, Andrea Cecilia
A study of ergonomic risk factors has been developed with construction workers of EMAPAL EP. Subsequently, with the gathered data, it was analyzed the effect of those factors in absenteeism. The objectives of the study were to determine the activities which represent ergonomic risks in the studied population; to apply the NIOSH Equation, the OWAS method and OCRA Checklist method for specific assessment; to identify its effect on productivity, such as absenteeism and occupational disease, and finally; to generate an applicable intervention model for ergonomic risk management. The method used was a descriptive study which was conducted through structured interview and non-participating direct observation to the Operations of Civil Works at EMAPAL EP. The result obtained with NIOSH Equation informed a lifting index of 4.06, which determines the need for redesign the task. With OWAS method it is shown the most relevant result of awkward positions was digging trenches, representing 52% among tasks involving awkward positions. Also, the OCRA Checklist method shows a weighted index of 19.25 for actual duration of the repetitive task, which can be considered a medium risk. In addition, 42% of workers, present musculoskeletal pain symptoms and 10.8% have a formal report. In conclusion, ergonomic risks were confirmed and its relationship with productivity was been demonstrated. Absenteeism has incidence in productivity index due to the development of symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders.
Análisis del efecto toxicológico que provoca el consumo humano de agua no potable, mediante la determinación de cloro libre residual en aguas tratadas de las parroquias rurales del cantón Cuenca
(2015) Campoverde Barros, Jahanina Alexandra; Matute Parra, Blanca Esperanza
Because most rural parishes of the canton Cuenca, do not have potable water service, is a proposed project to assess the toxicological and environmental effects that the consumption of this water causes in the population that consumes, by Qualitative and quantitative determination of residual free chlorine, to have an informative support and an indicator to monitor water quality. As a baseline the results of the Dirección Provincial de Salud del Azuay be taken, and their project "Agua Segura", which compiled data from chemical and microbiological fitness of treated water in the province, whose data, mostly demonstrated the absence free residual chlorine in samples taken. According to the report, over 90% of water samples taken, no free chlorine residual was found data that make the water they consume these populations in potential toxicological risk of daily consumption Furthermore, the data of the Dirección Provincial de Salud del Azuay, taken from the Integrated Epidemiological Surveillance System in its report of Immune Preventable Diseases in order to relate, analyze and evaluate the most prevalent diseases in the Canton Cuenca was collected given by Treated Water consumption unfit for human consumption. This investigation is raised execute in rural parishes in our county and its communities. Besides population density data from each of the parishes, data was obtained and published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos.
Análisis del estado de la legislación en seguridad y salud ocupacional en la construcción y su impacto en la disminución de accidentes laborales: caso Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-17) Barreto Cada, Diego Alexander; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is of importance in the labor context; however, there are situations that must be analyzed since weaknesses have arisen in terms of the way in which this issue is being treated. There is no analysis of the legislation regarding OHS in Ecuador and, specifically, in the construction sector and this reality is worrying because it is considered the highest risk activity, from the point of view of occupational accidents. This essay aims to analyze the OHS legislation in the construction sector, in the Ecuadorian context, in order to determine its impact on the reduction of accidents by performing a comparative analysis with the Spanish legislation. The methodology consisted of the application of a bibliographical research, the historical-legal method and, in general, the comparative method. It is concluded that there are sufficient legal instruments for the protection of workers both in Ecuador and in Spain; however, in Ecuador there are an average of 579,000 occupational accidents annually and 2,225 in the construction area. The projection of legal instruments in the country's construction companies is recommended, so that they serve as legal support in order to reduce and/or solve occupational accidents. It is also suggested that state entities should carry out auditing processes to avoid underreporting, which would prevent real statistics regarding accidents
Análisis del nivel de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector de la construcción en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2018) Crespo Molina, Carlos Andrés; Bonilla Sinche, Paola Raquel
The present investigation was focused in determining the level of compliance of the Occupational Health and Safety management in small and medium enterprises of the construction sector in the city of Cuenca. The methodology was oriented to the application of a survey aimed at a sample of 59 companies, which allowed to establish that approximately 89% of the surveyed companies have not implemented an SGSST system, a Guide was also developed as procedures for the SGSST in Work and the evaluation of costs and the feasibility of the project was determined.
Análisis del registro de las prescripciones en la ficha médica de régimen de quimioterapia para pacientes ambulatorios del instituto del cáncer Solca-Cuenca
(2011) Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela; Jerves Andrade, Miguel Enrique; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena
Análisis del registro de las prescripciones en la ficha médica de regímenes de quimioterapia para pacientes oncohematológicos hospitalizados en el Instituto del Cáncer Solca Cuenca durante el paríodo enero a junio de 2010
(2011) Cabrera Faicán, Sandra Paola; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino; Jerves Andrade, Miguel Enrique; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena; García Alvear, Jorge Luis
Análisis del uso de un secador solar para madera en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2017) Contreras Vidal, Raúl Oswaldo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
The drying of wood is a fundamental activity for the development of the wood and furniture industry. There are two ways to dry the wood: The first is the natural dry, where the water contained in the wood evaporates naturally, and the second way to dry wood is the artificial drying that is done through the use of equipment and suitable facilities known as conventional dryers, where the water is removed by controlling the temperature, humidity, and ventilation. From an introduction on the wood and its characteristics, a diagnosis of the situation of the wood and furniture industry is presented in the city of Cuenca and its surroundings, highlighting the importance of the drying process and the need to obtain dry wood to be used in this industry. The objective of this work is the development of a proposal for the manufacture of a Solar Dryer for wood where a study is made on its design, functions, and cost. The use of this technology is a real option for its development because there is technical knowledge, and there are climatic conditions suitable for its development. The operation of a solar dryer has characteristics similar to conventional dryers, for this it controls parameters such as initial humidity and final, drying time. In addition, a comparison of the materials, equipment and fuels with which conventional dryers and solar dryers are manufactured and operated. An evaluation of the costs of operation of the conventional dryer is realized. Solar dryer, analyzing fuel consumption, electrical energy and total operating costs between the proposed drying equipment and the conventional drying equipment, all in terms of similar production conditions.
ANÁLISIS Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CILINDROS DE GAS LICUADO DE PETRÓLEO DE 15 kg PARA USO DOMÉSTICO: CASO DE ESTUDIO – DEPÓSITO MARIANA
(2022-03-18) Vidal Apolo, Rodrigo Alejandro; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The sale and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder tanks poses a danger to the workers who carry out these tasks, many of whom do so without awareness of the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the ergonomic, psychosocial, and fire risks to which LPG tank delivery workers are exposed and recommend preventive measures to increase their well-being and quality of life. An inductive-quantitative method was applied to a sample made up of three LPS tank workers. The methodology used to evaluate the three risks was the Manual Handling Assessment (MHA) method for ergonomic risk, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ PSQCAT) method for psychosocial risk, and the MESERI method for fire risk. The main results from applying each method showed: high action categories where corrective actions were required for ergonomic risk; three unfavorable situations including work rhythm, justice, and leadership quality affected workers in the psychosocial risk area; and an acceptable fire risk level for the warehouse according to the MESERI method, which even if true could be improved. Finally, we emphasize the need to update the health and safety regulations for workers (IESS Executive Decree 2393), which are not currently in accordance with international organizations and allow for ambiguity potentially resulting in unfavorable situations for workers
Análisis y evaluación de riesgos en la distribución de cilindros de gas licuado de petróleo de 15 kg para uso doméstico: caso de estudio – Depósito Mariana
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-21) Vidal Apolo, Rodrigo Alejandro; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The sale and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder tanks poses a danger to the workers who carry out these tasks, many of whom do so without awareness of the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the ergonomic, psychosocial, and fire risks to which LPG tank delivery workers are exposed and recommend preventive measures to increase their well-being and quality of life. An inductive-quantitative method was applied to a sample made up of three LPS tank workers. The methodology used to evaluate the three risks was the Manual Handling Assessment (MHA) method for ergonomic risk, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ PSQCAT) method for psychosocial risk, and the MESERI method for fire risk. The main results from applying each method showed: high action categories where corrective actions were required for ergonomic risk; three unfavorable situations including work rhythm, justice, and leadership quality affected workers in the psychosocial risk area; and an acceptable fire risk level for the warehouse according to the MESERI method, which even if true could be improved. Finally, we emphasize the need to update the health and safety regulations for workers (IESS Executive Decree 2393), which are not currently in accordance with international organizations and allow for ambiguity potentially resulting in unfavorable situations for workers.

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