Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Tesis Maestrías

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/296

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Generación de un modelo de gestión de conocimiento
(2007) Albarracín Torres, Verónica Beatriz; Salgado Arteaga, Francisco Rodrigo
Aplicación de diseño experimental para la formulación y optimización de infusiones aromáticas nativas
(2009) Dután Tamayo, Hugo Ernesto; Tripaldi Cappelletti, Piercósimo
Análisis de correlación entre rasgos socio demográficos, riesgos psicosociales y manifestación de enfermedades dentro de los colaboradores de COAC Jardín Azuayo
(2018) Ordoñez Rodriguez, Franklin Oswaldo; Astudillo Iñiguez, Stephany Fernanda
In the Ecuadorian territory there is no clear methodology to identify and measure psychosocial risk and its incidence with health, now if we consider a service institution where dealing with people prevails it will mark a large level of attention, the behavior will influence notably with the degree of tolerance in their performance, as the demands for the fulfillment of unattainable goals, the non-consideration of bottlenecks cause errors in the activities leading to stressors. The COAC Jardín Azuayo is a financial institution that has grown remarkably in recent years, so the analysis study is carried out based on medical data of its collaborators and its relationship to certain stressful situations that could affect or aggravate their health as well as the socio-demographic features. There are several scientific investigations that support that and its relationship between psychosocial risks and health in different aspects such as digestive, cardiovascular, behavioral such as anxiety and depression, headaches, etc. The problem to be determined and its study through methodologies tested by other countries consists of a scientific validation that has been endorsed by their governments for the realization of them, as they describe their functionality and effectiveness to determine conditions with results focused on the existence of risk psychosocial and its relation to diseases.
Influencia de las características individuales y condiciones laborales en la gravedad de lesiones por accidente de trabajo en afiliados al Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) en la provincia de Cañar, en el año 2014 y 2015
(2018) Sacoto Flores, María Augusta; Sacoto González, Goethe Humberto
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of injuries recorded by work accident, reported to the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) in the Province of Cañar, according to: individual characteristics of the worker, working and accident conditions; and analyze the severity of the injuries according to these characteristics. Method: It is a descriptive study where data from the "Work Accident Notices" records of the Occupational Hazards Unit of the IESS of Cañar, from 2014 and 2015 were used. A univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out to estimate the frequencies of the worker's individual characteristics, working and accident conditions (independent variables); and the association of these with the actual degree of the lesions (dependent variable). Results: 854 men and 35 women are studied. The average age in years was 38.59 in men and 39.26 in women. The accidents with greater frequency appear in the sector of Agriculture 65.5%, in workers with basic education 39.8%, in the habitual center of work 90.2%, and by injury - other wounds 28.9%. Serious and fatal injuries occurred more frequently in the age group: less than 25 years with 8.6%; with non education, 28.6%; when it was not his usual job 10.3%; in the branch of activity, industry 20%; and, with type of injury, commotions and internal injuries, 9.5%. Conclusions: Serious or fatal injuries are significantly associated (p <0.05) with age, as an individual characteristic. There is also significance in the relationship with working conditions in Industry workers; with no schooling; with labor time less than 2 years; when they did not perform their usual work; and, with type of injury, concussions and internal injuries. Conclusiones: Las lesiones graves o mortales se encuentran asociadas significativamente (p < 0.05) con la edad, como característica individual. Existe también significancia en relación a las condiciones laborales en trabajadores de la Industria; sin escolaridad; con un tiempo de labor menor a 2 años; cuando no desempeñaban su trabajo habitual; y con tipo de lesión, conmociones y lesiones internas.
Identificación y clonación de secuencias codificantes de peroxidasas de granos inmaduros de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-12-09) Espinoza Castro, Karla Esther; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier
Peroxidases are hemoproteins whose catalytic activity is used in diagnostic tests, development of biosensors and bioremediation, the most used are Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) peroxidase or HRP and Soybean (Glycine max) peroxidase or SBP. Currently these enzymes have a high cost, so it is necessary to find alternatives for obtaining them and have immediate availability in the country for application in the development of diagnostic tools. In the search for alternatives to commercial peroxidase, a literature review was carried out to identify previously described sequences of SBP, the localized sequences were used to identify orthologous coding sequences in Phaseolus vulgaris (Common bean), with the identified sequences were designed oligonucleotides for the generation and amplification of the respective cDNAs. After obtaining total RNA from immature grain cuticle, synthesis of the cDNA and generation of PCR products was carried out. PCR products sequencing results showed that it has been possible to obtain sequences encoding the orthologue peroxidase of Ep (NP_001238315.1, NM_001251386 .1) and Prx2 (NP_001237601.1, NM_001250672.2) from common bean. The sequences obtained in this work have a high identity with the reported sequences in Ph. vulgaris, Ep (PHAVU_006G129900g) with 99.08 % and 99.69 % for Prx2 (PHAVU_003G078600g). Cloned coding peroxidases sequences in pET15b vector were induced Escherichia coli Origami (DE3) and total protein extract obtained showed enzymatic activity on 3,3′- diaminobenzidine, 4-chloro-1-naphthol and syringaldazine peroxidases substrates. Finally, the results obtained allow us to conclude that it was possible to obtain two protein coding sequences with peroxidase activity from Phaseolus vulgaris.
Determinación de los principales agentes químicos y biológicos presentes en el relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-21) Padrón Correa, Ricardo José; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
There is significant exposure to chemical and biological risk factors in the management of solid waste in landfills. This research aims to identify the main chemical and biological contaminants present in the landfill of the City of Cañar. For the study, qualitative and quantitative methods and scientific observation were used, fundamental for a diagnosis of the working conditions and health of the workers. The presence of chemical and biological contaminants were obtained as a result, which are presented separately in this test. Explosive gases were identified as: methane (CH4), propane (CH3H8), ammonia (NH3) and benzene (C6H6); Commonly used insecticides and agrochemicals: Chlorpilaq 48, Zelopag, Pyrimetha, Ranger 480; and in the wastewater presence of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd*), chromium (Cr*), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), compounds that by their nature are highly toxic to humans. On the other hand, the main biological agents found were Covid-19 and the vast majority were fecal coliforms: Escherichia coli, staphylococcus, salmonella, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, candida albicans, cspergillus niger. In conclusion, there is significant exposure to risk factors, both chemical and biological, in the Yurak Kasha management center; however, the organization in charge of solid waste management in Cañar city, through its department of occupational health and safety implements actions and corrective measures that help mitigate the consequences of exposure to these risk factors.
Eficacia y seguridad de terapia triple de furoato de fluticasona, vilanterol, umeclidinio (Trelegy ellipta®) frente a otras terapias en el tratamiento de la enfermedad obstructiva crónica: revisión sistemática y metanálisis
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-21) Zea Izquierdo, Daniela Salomé; Teixeira Leite Lourenço Da Silva, Paulo Roberto; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia
Introduction: Trelegy ellipta® is a drug indicated for maintenance treatment in adult patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This medicine is composed of fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium, and vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) in a dose of 100 μg/62.5 μg/25 μg, respectively. The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate, by reviewing the scientific evidence, whether triple therapy is more effective and safer than different dual therapies in patients with COPD. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement. The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were consulted, considering all the articles available up to March 30, 2022 and taking into account the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables chosen to measure the efficacy of the treatments were: the change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and values in the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The safety of the treatments was evaluated by the number of adverse reactions grouped into cardiac disorders, infections, respiratory disorders, and nasopharyngitis. The retrieved papers were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias in the studies. For the statistical analysis, the statistical package SIMFIT (v.7.2.7 University of Manchester) and the Review Manager (RevMan) systematic review program (v.5.4.1 Cochrane) were used. The heterogeneity of the studies to be compared was analyzed using the I2 and Q statistical tests. The fixed effects methodology was applied to the homogeneous studies and the random effects methodology to the heterogeneous studies. Results: Four studies were included in the analysis that found a significant improvement (p<0.05) in FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume in one second) in subjects treated with triple FF/UMEC/VI therapy compared to dual treatments. of Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol (FF/VI), Budesonide/Formoterol (BUD/FOR) and Budesonidad/Formoterol with Tiotropium (BUD/FOR + TIO). No difference was observed between triple therapy with a single inhaler and triple therapy with two inhalers. The changes in the value of the SGRQ showed a greater decrease in favor of the triple treatment compared to the other treatments. Regarding safety, triple treatment only presented significantly more adverse effects in cardiac disorders compared to treatment with FF/VI and in infections compared to treatment UMEC/VI. In the other cases, it was found that there are no significant differences in the triple treatment in terms of the aforementioned adverse reactions. Conclusion: The FF/UMEC/VI triple treatment presents greater efficacy and equal safety, with the exception of cardiac disorders and infections than the other dual treatments used in COPD. However, more clinical trials are required to assess the efficacy and safety of COPD treatment with triple therapy versus dual therapy
Caracterización de la comunidad de hongos endófitos asociados a la raíz de joyapa (Macleania rupestris) y evaluación del efecto de cepas cultivables en el desarrollo de plántulas
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-29) Curillo Santos, Diana Lorena; Peña Tapia, Denisse Fabiola
Macleania rupestris is a native Ericaceae with high potential in terms of benefits for health and the environment. Characterizing generalist or specialized interactions between M. rupestris and associated fungi is key to supporting its conservation and domestication. However, very little is known about the relationship between plant growth promoting endophytes and M. rupestris. Therefore, to learn more about the soil- associated microbiota of M. rupestris, we analyzed endophyte communities associated with the plant's surrounding soil and rhizosphere. Which presented a great abundance of genera such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. rupestris plants. Objective: Characterize the endophytic fungal community associated with the root of joyapa (Macleania rupestris) and evaluate the effect of cultivable strains on seedlings development Methodology: Fungal endophytes were isolated from the roots of M. rupestris to evaluate their growth- promoting activity on seedlings. This research discusses the influence of endophytic fungi on the development of M. A total of six cultivable fungi were extracted, which were identified by the community of isolated fungi and characterized by molecular markers ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and LSU (large subunit). To investigate the effect of endophytes on plant growth, the 6 isolated fungi were selected to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth by applying a strain inoculation bioassay. Results: The results indicated that Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma paravidescens isolated from the roots of M. rupestris have a vital role in promoting plant growth. Their potential use as inoculants to establish a sustainable crop production system and their application in the discovery of bioactive compounds should be part of future research.

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