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Accuracy in the marginal adaptation and/or internal adaptation of full-coverage fixed prostheses made with digital impressions and conventional impressions: A systematic review
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-21) Cajas Guamán, María Augusta; Cabrera Toro, María Marcela; Astudillo Ortiz, Jaime Leonardo
Objective: To verify compliance with the requirements established by the scientific community and to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the systematic reviews on the accuracy (marginal adaptation and/or internal adaptation) of the full-coverage fixed prostheses made with digital impressions versus conventional impressions. Methods: Searches were performed in three electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as in the gray literature. In the search strategy, medical subject heading (MeSH) words were used in PubMed, and free terms were used for the titles and abstracts of each article. Each keyword was separated by the Boolean operator OR to later be combined with the Boolean operator AND. Six systematic reviews were included for qualitative synthesis. To assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews, the AMSTAR 2 tool was used Results:The search yielded 131 studies, of which 78 remained after removing duplicates. The title and abstract of each chosen study were assessed, and 22 articles were included for full text reading. Finally,six studies were included, of which three studies were considered to have low confidence, while the other three were considered to have critically low confidence. In addition, the six SRs evaluated the adaptation or marginal fit, while only three studies measured internal adaptation. Conclusions: The use of digital impressions in single fixed prostheses maintains a marginal level within the limit of clinical acceptability, however, the methodological quality of systematic reviews is poor, according to the AMSTAR 2 tool.
Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro del chitosan/propóleo en gel sobre el enterococcus faecalis
(2017) Luaces Acosta, Gretter; Kun Astudillo, Kenia Karen
Purpose: Comparing the antibacterial efficiency of chitosan / propolis gel, calcium hydroxide (Calcifar-P), chlorhexidine gel 2%, 30% propolis extract and chitosan gel on Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods: A cross - sectional in vitro study was carried out, using agar diffusion with Kirby - Bauer method. The samples were 14 replications per group and were calculated using Fisterra program. The inhibitory halos were measured in millimeters after 24 hours of incubation, at 37 ° C; the results obtained were processed by the statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Results: The average of the chitosan / propolis gel inhibitory halo was 22.36 mm, the one with Calcifar-P was 13.93 mm, in the case of chlorhexidine gel 2% 15.86 mm, the chitosan gel had an average inhibitory halo of 17.71 mm, the 30% propolis extract had the lowest average with a value of 11.36 mm. None of the above values exceeded the positive control whose average was 34.86 mm. Conclusion: This study concluded that chitosan / propolis gel has better antimicrobial efficiency compared with calcium hydroxide (Calcifar-P), 2% gel chlorhexidine, 30% propolis extract and chitosan gel.
Adipokines in dental pulp: physiological, pathological and potential therapeutic roles
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-11) Gavidia Pazmiño, Jonathan Francisco; Bravo Guapisaca, María Isabel; Intriago Morales, Ruth Viviana
Background: Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions—regulating distant organs such as oral tissues—and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications. Highlights: The most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation. Conclusion: Adipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.
Alteraciones verticales del tercio inferior de la cara y su relación con trastornos temporomandibulares en estudiantes entre 13 y 16 años de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2013) Suconota Abril, Lourdes Cecilia; Llanes Serantes, Maribel
We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the alterations of the lower third of the face and its relation to temporomandibular disorders . 239 subjects were examined between 13, 14, 15 and 16 years old , four schools in the city of Cuenca randomly selected non-probabilistic . Clinical examination was conducted of students chosen and applied direct measurements. With clinical and functional examination determined the presence of crowding , rotations , tooth interference , premature contacts , with direct measurements were analyzed alterations of the lower third of the face by applying Legan index . The results were processed using the data package Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 15.0 ) to relate the variables set , finding that subjects with vertical changes of the lower third of the face also presented temporomandibular disorders ( α = 0.04) , there is about sex more often in females but not statistically significant compared to males. Comparisons were made with studies conducted in other regions of South America, Europe and Asia. Since in our country there are no studies of this type . The results of some of these other studies are consistent and differed from those found in the sample of students of the south of Ecuador. At the conclusion of this research it can be stated by the results of this study that malocclusions and occlusal trauma are not significantly associated with TMD, however, changes the lower third of the face of decline have a statistically significant relationship with TMD regardless of sex
Altura de la rama mandibular y su relación con el ángulo SN GO-GN en radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-17) Gómez Bautista, Verónica Paola; Llanes Serantes, Maribel
The present research study aims to establish the height of the mandibular ramus and its relationship with the SN Go-Gn angle in digital lateral cephalic radiographs in patients from 18 to 45 years old from the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. Materials and Methods: This study, quantitative, observational with a correlational approach, was carried out on digitalized lateral cephalic radiographs that rest in the archive of a radiological center in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador and included a total of 388 lateral radiographs chosen under certain criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The variables analyzed were mandibular ramus height, SN Go-Gn angle, and sex. The measurements were made, applying the AUTOCAD 2018 software, by an examiner previously trained for this purpose, and subsequently validated by the author of the study. The data obtained from the different measurements were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. To evaluate the relationship between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle, the Pearson r correlation coefficient was used, for the interpretation the suggestion of Cohen (1988) was followed; null correlation (0.00 ≤ r <0.10), slight correlation (0.10 ≤ r <0.30), moderate correlation (0.30 ≤ r <0.50) and strong correlation (0.50 ≤ r < 1). For the comparison, the parametric t-Student statistic was used, the significance considered was 0.01 (p<0.01). The data processing was carried out in the statistical program SPSS V27. Results: A strong negative correlation was found between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle (r= -0.535; p<0.001), which implies that the higher the height (mm), the lower the angle (°). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between the height of the mandibular ramus and the SN Go-Gn angle, in patients from 18 to 45 years old. Key words: mandibular Ramus, mandibular growth
Análisis comparativo de la reabsorción de la cresta ósea vestibular de incisivos inferiores en pacientes tratados con dos diferentes tipos de propulsores mandibulares – prueba clínica controlada aleatorizada
(2018) Reyes Arévalo, Giuseppe Antonio; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
Class II discrepancies due to mandibular retrusion are one of the most common malocclusions in orthodontic practice today and for this type of disharmony we have several treatment options. One of the most widespread and well-known therapies is the mandibular anterior replacement through the use of mandibular reposition appliances. However, this type of treatment carries some side effects of the mandibular overtaking, which affects the vast majority of the lower incisors, specifically the height of the buccal alveolar crest of this area. That is why, the objective of the present investigation was to find out whether or not there is a correlation between the type of propellant used to treat these malocclusions and the reabsorption of the buccal bone crest. To do this, a comparative analysis was performed between two mandibular reposition appliances, one of them known worldwide in the orthodontic area and that was developed by Dr. Emil Herbst, and the second one recently developed, known as AdvanSync. In a sample of 30 subjects, 15 for each type of appliance, CBCT measurements were made of the distance between the buccal bone crest and the Cement-Enamel Joint of the mandibular incisors in two different times, before treatment (T0) and after the treatment (T1). In sequence, these results were subjected to two statistical tests, qui-squared was used to determine the association between the device and reabsorption of the vestibular bone crest. Likewise, U Mann-Whitney test was used to determinate whether or not there is a statistical difference between the two devices, regarding the amount of resorption of the buccal bone crest.The results of the present study indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the two mandibular reposition appliances, despite this, the AdvanSync device showed a slight tendency to reabsorb the bone crest in a smaller amount, which is why it is recommended for future investigations of this kind improve its methodology to corroborate or reject this trend
Análisis comparativo de la Resistencia a la fractura de un nuevo material de restauración CAD/CAM
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-03-17) Vidal Alvarez, Sebastián René; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of four CAD/CAM restorative materials: lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, EM), hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VE), a polymerbased composite (Cerasmart, CS), and a novel 3D-printed resin (Ceramic Crown, CC) fabricated using Digital Press Stereolithography (DPS) technology. Standardized fullcoverage crowns were designed and manufactured for each material. All specimens underwent thermocycling and fracture testing using a universal testing machine. EM exhibited the highest fracture resistance (mean: 440.49 N), while VE showed the lowest (173.82 N). CS (265.49 N) and CC (306.76 N) presented intermediate values without statistically significant differences between them. Stereomicroscopic analysis revealed differences in fracture patterns, with IPS e.max CAD showing smooth, brittle fractures, while hybrid and polymerbased materials exhibited tortuous or porous fracture surfaces. These results suggest that DPS technology achieves mechanical performance for Ceramic Crown comparable to that of milled polymer-based composites, while offering production advantages in terms of time efficiency. As one of the first studies to evaluate Ceramic Crown and DPS technology, these findings provide initial insights into their mechanical behavior. However, further studies are required to validate their clinical performance before widespread use can be recommended.
Análisis comparativo del aumento de dimensión vertical para elaboración de férulas mediante método convencional vs digital
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-07-30) Ortiz Miranda, Lesly Abigail; Mariño Arévalo, Cristina Adelaida; Larriva Loyola, Jaime Alejandro
This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of vertical dimension of occlusion increase achieved through the digital design of occlusal splints using three dental CAD systems: Exocad, InLab, and Medit, with a conventional articulator-based method serving as the reference. Occlusal splints were designed from a standardized STL dataset and manufactured using a 3D printing workflow, after which the resulting vertical dimension was measured and analyzed. Additionally, three-dimensional superimposition was performed to assess the geometric agreement of the designs. The results revealed statistically significant differences among the evaluated groups (p < 0.001). Medit produced values closest to the reference condition, whereas InLab showed the greatest overestimation of the vertical dimension and Exocad demonstrated intermediate results. In the three-dimensional evaluation, InLab exhibited the smallest surface deviation from the control model. It can be concluded that digital modification of the vertical dimension of occlusion is a feasible procedure; however, its accuracy and reproducibility depend on the CAD system used. Therefore, verification of design parameters prior to manufacturing occlusal splints is recommended to ensure clinically predictable outcomes.
Análisis de Bolton en modelos de la clínica de Postgrado de Ortodoncia de la Universidad de Cuenca su frecuencia y relación con las diferentes maloclusiones periodo 2011-2013
(2013) Aguilar Novillo, Edison Román; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
A proper diagnosis is essential to a proper orthodontic treatment plan. For this purpose, we use the patient records are, radiographs, photographs, study models and proper clinical examination. With all these data, we made a list of problems constituting orthodontic diagnosis. The major target of orthodontics are restore function and aesthetics to the patient, which is achieved by employing good diagnostic aids, within them mentioned Bolton analysis. This is a method for determining the proportion of the mesiodistal width of the permanent teeth maxillary and mandibulary, also known as size discrepancy of teeth and effect among gag. It is one of the methods used to determine the tooth size discrepancy, and so authors like Sheridan reported that 91% of orthodontists surveyed using this method at the time of measuring the size of the teeth. In this study we evaluated 77 study models in order to determine if there are discrepancies between dental arches in the anterior as well as in total by applying the rate of Bolton tooth discrepancies in study models of patients of Orthodontics of postgraduate of Faculty of Dentistry of Cuenca University during the period 2011-2013, obtaining as result that sector at lower total Bolton earlier, the percentages obtained were 50.6% and 66.2%, respectively. While in the upper the total Bolton was in 39% of cases while 27.3% earlier. The molar class obtained in this study, regardless of gender and ethnicity was 80.5% for Class I, 10.4% Class II, and 9.1% Class III, which corresponds to the left side. On the right side found the proportion was 83.1% Class I, 11.7% Class II, and 5.2% Class III
Análisis de la obturación de conductos laterales y ramificaciones apicales utilizando dos técnicas de obturación: condensación lateral versus técnica híbrida de Tagger
(2013) Espinoza Vásquez, Ximena Elizabeth; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two obturation techniques, Lateral Condensation and Tagger´s Hybrid Technique to successfully seal lateral canals and apical ramifications, which are anatomic constituents of the complex root canal system, taking into consideration that a lack of seal of them could result in further periradicular disease and endodontic treatment failure, specially in cases with a necrotic dental pulp. Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and divided in two groups of 30 teeth. Root canal preparation was performed with a crown down technique, irrigation protocol was NaOCl 5,25%, EDTA 17% and distilled water. Canal sealing was performed according to one of the two experimental techniques, 15 teeth per group, topseal was used as canal sealer in both cases. Teeth were then cleared and analyzed in a stereomicroscope; the depth of penetration of gutta-percha and cement into lateral canals and apical ramifications was scored using a 5 point scale. For statistical analysis data were submitted to Mann-Whitney U test, with no statistical significant difference between the two study groups (p>0.05)
Análisis de la relación entre la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas y la Clase esqueletal en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico Inside, Cuenca, Ecuador, durante el periodo febrero 2023 – febrero 2025.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-09) Samaniego Campoverde, Daniela Alexandra; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
Introduction: Alterations in airway patency can directly affect the development of patients' skeletal structures, triggering the development of malocclusions and dental malposition. Due to its significant functional and aesthetic impact, this condition greatly affects patients' quality life. Therefore, a correct and timely evaluation is essential for all patients. Objective: To evaluate airway patency in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients treated at the Inside Radiological Center, Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period February 2023 – February 2025. Methodology: For this research, 105 lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from the Inside radiological center were evaluated. These were categorized based on the skeletal Class (I, II, and III) determined by Steiner's ANB angle. Airway patency was measured using McNamara's Analysis, obtaining measurements of the nasopharynx (Nfa-Nfp) and oropharynx (Bfa-Bfp). Mean comparison was performed using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the dimension of the oropharynx (Bfa-Bfp), specifically between the Class II and Class I groups (p = 0.003). No statistically significant differences were found in the nasopharynx (Nfa-Nfp). Conclusions: Individuals with skeletal Class II are associated with a significant reduction in the oropharyngeal airway dimension compared to other skeletal Classes. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive airway evaluation in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Análisis de la resistencia a la fractura de polímero fresado, impreso, Bulkfill, y composite convencional en diseño de cavidades MOD
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-07-30) León Peralta, Jaime Andrés; Rodas Bravo, María Belén; Córdova Córdova, María Verónica
Restorative dentistry seeks to emulate lost dental structures, prioritizing function, aesthetics, and strength through the use of state-of-the-art technologies and direct, semi-direct, and indirect techniques. Consequently, it is essential to identify which current polymeric materials and restorative techniques offer the greatest strength for dental cavities with high structural compromise, such as MOD cavities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of definitive MOD restorations, both direct and indirect, using materials milled using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems, printed, conventional, and injected with direct resin technique. Therefore, 75 models were manufactured with a 3D printer, each with a MOD preparation, distributed into five experimental groups (n = 15). After completing the restorative process, the samples were subjected to thermocycling and then evaluated under compressive loads in a universal testing machine. Welch's ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences between the groups (p-value = 0.0186 < 0.05). Brilliant Crios (CAD/CAM) material showed the highest strength and stability (1848.4 N), significantly outperforming Cerasmart (1550.3 N) and SprintRay Crown (1270.5 N). The G-ænial (1020.1 N) and Tetric-N-Ceram (1160.3 N) composites showed intermediate strength and more homogeneous behavior. It is concluded that, under the conditions analyzed, the five polymeric materials show acceptable clinical performance for partial restorations in MOD cavities. It is suggested that the sample size be increased in future research.
Análisis De La Resistencia Al Cizallamiento De Tubos De Ortodoncia Adheridos Con La Técnica De Cementación Reforzada Modificada Con Resina Fluida De Alta Carga - Estudio In Vitro
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-06) Delgado Dávila, Andrés Mauricio; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
The present study aimed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes bonded using three different cementation techniques. An observational, cross-sectional in-vitro laboratory test was conducted using 69 bovine teeth divided into three experimental groups. The Control Group (G0) received orthodontic tubes bonded with a conventional adhesive; Experimental Group 1 (G1) underwent a reinforced cementation technique using the same adhesive; and Experimental Group 2 (G2) received a reinforced cementation technique using a high-filler flowable resin. All specimens were tested using a universal testing machine to determine shear bond strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa). The results showed mean shear bond strength values of 21.3 MPa for G0, 22.5 MPa for G1, and 21.4 MPa for G2, with no statistically significant differences among the evaluated groups. These findings suggest that incorporating a reinforced cementation technique—either with the same adhesive or with a high-filler flowable resin—does not significantly improve the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes compared with the conventional technique. In conclusion, the three evaluated techniques demonstrate similar mechanical behavior under in-vitro testing conditions, indicating that the reinforced technique using the same adhesive remains a valid alternative for in-vivo orthodontic tube bonding.
Análisis de la sutura palatina media y sus factores asociados en tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico obtenidas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico “Scanner Cuenca”, Cuenca - Ecuador en el período noviembre 2021 - junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-15) Patiño Loyola, Erika Samantha; Siguencia Cruz, Valeria del Rosío
Background: Assessing the maturation of the midpalatal suture (MPS) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics is essential when choosing the appropriate maxillary expansion treatment. Angelieri et al. propose an individualized evaluation method based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, which helps avoid complications and treatment failures. Objectives: determine the stages of maturation of the SPM in CBCTs obtained from patients treated at the “Scanner Cuenca” radiological center, Cuenca – Ecuador in the period November 2021 - June 2023 and identify the association between the stage of maturation of the SPM and the clinical-demographic variables. Methodology: 100 CBCTs of individuals between 8 and 77 years of age of both sexes were analyzed. The maturation of the SPM was evaluated using the method of Angelieri et al., categorizing it into five stages. In addition, the sample was classified according to sex, age, cervical vertebral maturation using the Baccetti analysis, facial biotype using the Ricketts coefficient of variation (VERT) and skeletal class applying the Steiner ANB angle. Results: The SPM did not fuse in 32% of cases and 68% presented fusion. The most frequent stages were: stage D followed by E, C, B and A. Additionally, a statistically significant association was found between the stages of SPM maturation, age and cervical vertebral maturation. However, no statistically significant association was observed with sex, skeletal class, and facial biotype
Análisis de los cambios producidos en el espesor y altura del cuerpo mandibular después de la utilización de aparatología Herbst y Advansync en pacientes Clase II esqueletal por medio de Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico (CBCT
(2018) Ramírez Cabrera, Silvia Cumandá; Siguencia Cruz, Valeria del Rosío
The computed tomography and the generation of three-dimensional images has allowed to improve the quantitative and qualitative assessment of bone changes generated at the mandibular region when using certain appliances, the aim of the present work was to compare the effectiveness of the use of Herbst and Advansync in promoting changes in the thickness and height of the mandibular body in skeletal class II patients using cone beam computed tomography. The research was developed with 29 subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups: "Advansync" and "Herbst". Two CBCT records pre-treatment and post-treatment with a 10-month interval were taken, of each record a three-dimensional image was generated in which the different measurements were made. In addition the jaw segmentation, superposition and fusion were performed for the qualitative evaluation of bone changes. The normality test for small Shapiro Willk samples was performed, which showed a normal behavior in the before and after (p> 0.05), T Student test was applied for related samples, and in the registered differences varied behaviors resulted, therefore, the T-Student test was executed for independent samples in those measures with normal behavior (p> 0.05) and the U-Mann Whitney test for those that had non-normal behavior. (p <0.05). In general there is no significant difference in the number of success cases between both groups, although the group with Advansync had better results
Análisis de los cambios volumétricos del cóndilo en pacientes clase II tratados con advansync y herbst por medio del cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). Prueba clínica aleatorizada controlada
(2018) Salinas Villacís, Pamela Jeanneth; Llanes Serantes, Maribel
Functional devices such as Herbst and Advansync have been considered as effective mandibular propulsors and improve skeletal discrepancies in Class II subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the sagittal, transverse, vertical and positional changes of the condyle in Class II patients treated with Advansync and Herbst appliances by means of CBTC. Method: The study was performed with 58 tomographies (pre and post treatment) of 29 adolescent patients, who were treated with mandibular propulsors for 10 months, of whom 6 women and 23 men, high school students between 11 and 17 years old. an average age of 14.11 years (SD = 1.9), 14 patients were treated with Herbst and 15 with Advansync. Results: In the group of people treated with Herbst equipment, the vertical changes (height) were significant (p <0.05) with growths of 2.12 mm on the right side and 1.14 mm on the left side, likewise in the group with the Advansync appliance resulted with significant growths of 0.83 mm on the right side and 1.25 mm on the left side. While the sagittal, transverse and positional changes for the two groups change, however, they are not statistically significant. (p <0.05). Conclusions: The vertical changes were the most significant that there was a similar increase in height for the two Herbst and Advansync groups. The sagittal, transverse changes and the produced in the upper, anterior and posterior articular spaces were not statistically significant
Análisis del espacio de la tuberosidad maxilar y sus factores asociados; en tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico obtenidas de pacientes atendidos en el centro radiológico "Scanner Cuenca", Cuenca-Ecuador en el período noviembre 2021 – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Chico Pozo, Jessica Karina; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
The objective of the present study was to determine the available space for molar distalization of the maxillary tuberosity, and its associated factors, in cone beam computed tomography scans obtained from patients treated at the “Scanner Cuenca” radiological center, Cuenca - Ecuador in the period November 2021 - June 2023. In a total of 50 tomographies, the length and width of the maxillary tuberosity were sagittal and axially measured. In sequence, the association between these dimensions and the clinical - demographic variables was statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test. The dimensions of the tuberosity did not present a statistical association with either the sagittal skeletal class or the vertical growth pattern. A statistically significant association was verified between the length of the tuberosity, measured sagittally at 6mm from the plane projected from the amelocemental junction of the second molar, and age (p=0.045). On the other hand, an association was identified between the width of the tuberosity and sex at 3mm (p=0.047), 4.5mm (p=0.014), 6mm (p=0.005), 7.5mm (p=0.010), and 9mm. (p=0.005), those tuberosities with widths greater than the average were more commonly observed in males. Regarding age, an association was found with the width of the tuberosity measured at 3mm (p=0.035); 4.5mm (p=0.030), and 7.5mm (p=0.035), showing a decreasing trend in width dimensions as age increases. These results suggest that the dimensions of the tuberosity may vary depending on sex and age, therefore, individualized analysis of each patient is important for applying distalization mechanics.
Análisis del espacio disponible para colocación de mini implantes en paladar y sus factores asociados en CBCTS obtenidas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas Orthodentmb CIA. LTDA en la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador en el periodo diciembre 2022 - mayo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) Ávila Carrasco, Jéssica Maribel; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
Background: The palate is one of the regions where the use and placement of mini-implants in orthodontics has been most frequently described, reducing treatment times and benefiting patients and orthodontists. Objective: To determine the thicknesses of palatal hard tissue available for mini-implant placement in the palate and its associated factors in CBCTs obtained from patients treated at Orthodentm Cia. Ltda in Cuenca - Ecuador. Materials and methods: CBCT images of 352 patients were used in this study. The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue were measured at the coronal planes of first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars (planes P1, P2, M1 and M2, respectively). Results: The hard tissue was thickest in the P1 plane, followed by the P2, M1 and M2 planes. Premolar planes presented a V-shaped pattern, being thickest in the P1 plane; However, at the level of the molars there is an inverse V pattern, the hard tissue was thickest at point P0, and its thickness decreasing distally. Conclusions: The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue decreased in an anteroposterior direction; it increased from medial to lateral in the P1 and P2 planes. The safest areas for the placement of mini-implants are considered: at the premorals planes, 10mm distal from the midline bilaterally, and at the molars planes in the middle part of the palate (P0).
Análisis del espacio retromolar mandibular y sus factores asociados en tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico obtenidas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico Scanner Cuenca, Cuenca- Ecuador en el periodo noviembre 2021- junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-08) Espín Cazar, Ángela Gabriela; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
Background: Identification of anatomical boundaries in the mandible is crucial for successful distalization to minimize undesirable side effects. Previous studies on the mandibular retromolar space relied on panoramic or cephalometric radiographs assuming that the anterior border of the mandibular ramus was the posterior anatomical limit for molar distalization. However, recent research demonstrates that the mentioned limit is the internal cortical of the mandible. Objective: This study aimed to determine the dimensions of the mandibular retromolar space and its associated factors using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images obtained from patients treated at the "Scanner Cuenca" radiological center in Cuenca, Ecuador, from November 2021 to June 2023. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 51 patients with skeletal malocclusion were analyzed, measuring the distance from the distal root of the right mandibular second molar to the internal cortical in four different planes. These measurements were compared with sociodemographic variables. Results: No significant differences were found in terms of age, sex, and vertical pattern; however, a statistically significant difference (p=0.034) was observed in the measured distance in the cusp-line, specifically in the furcation level plane, highlighting the importance of this measurement for each patient using CBCT. Conclusions: Skeletal Class II showed smaller dimensions in the retromolar space compared to Classes I and III, indicating a reduction in the retromolar space in Class II patients
Asociación del tamaño de la vía aérea superior y presencia de osteoartritis en estudios de haz cónico Cone Beam del departamento de radiología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Un estudio retrospectivo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-21) Guamán Camacho, Jackeline Cecibel; Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
Osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (OA TMJ) is considered the most common and slowly progressive joint disease 1. Its prevalence ranges from 17.97% - 77.23% 2. OA TMJ and airway appear to have a bidirectional association, when there is severe destruction of the condyle generated by OA TMJ, it is possible to clinically present a retrognathic mandible and a hyperdivergent facial profile and decreased airway dimensions3. The aim is to associate upper airway volume with the presence of osteoarthritis in cone beam tomographic studies of the Radiology Department of the University of Cuenca. Materials and methods: 201 tomographic studies (402 results), aged 18 to 65 years, were analyzed for the presence of OA ATM (Wilkes criteria) and then for airway volume (Romexis ® 6.4.1. Planmeca). Results: Women are more predisposed, with 91 affected condyles (22.6%). Of these, 45 (73.8%) present osteoarthrosis in the right condyle and 46 (71.9%) in the left. The left condyle was the most affected with 64 (31.8%). The airway volume in people with OA: right condyle nasopharynx 3495.2±1268.3cm³, oropharynx 9321.8±4577.7cm³ and laryngopharynx of 3045.7 ±1218.0cm³ and in the left nasopharynx 3636.7±1421.4cm3, oropharynx 9346.7±4512.3cm³ and laryngopharynx 3005.9±1223.8cm3. Conclusions: Females have a greater predilection for presenting with TMJ OA, with an age range of 18-28 years, with the left condyle being the one with the greatest predilection compared to the right. Patients with osteoarthrosis presented significant reductions in upper airway volumes.

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