Volumen 6 No. especial (2015) Congreso de Producción Animal Especializada en Bovinos

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Alteraciones de la calidad y cantidad de la produccion de leche en presencia de map a traves de ELISA PPA
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Villamar Manrique, S. A.; Jaurena, G.; Mundo, S. L.; Gillardoni, L. R.; Fortuni, M. L.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Evaluación de la calidad y la congelabilidad de espermatozoides epididimarios provenientes de toros faenados en el camal de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Galarza, D. A.; Serpa, V. G.; Torres, C. S.; Iñiguez, C. U.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Evaluación energética de Pennisetum clandestinum y Lolium perenne en diferentes edades de corte para alimentación de bovinos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Silva, L.; Guevara, Paulina; Pazmiño, J.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Relación de la seroconversión positiva a neospora caninum con problemas reproductivos y mortalidad neonatal en vacas holstein
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Maldonado Rivera, Jaime Eduardo; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Deficiencias minerales en bovinos para carne: diagnóstico, caracterización y control
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Cseh, Susana; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
The worldwide increase in food demand added to the technification and the rapid progress of the farms in there endeavor in rising animal productivity and nutritive value. In particular, the amount and type of minerals define the food value, now considered as essential elements in animal feed, before neglected and traditionally cattle feed were poor in nutrients. Today, clinical trials and productive evidences have shown the importance of the metabolic role of minerals in healthy and high producing animals. Additionally, the role of the different minerals and the percentage thereof required for normal body functioning has been defined. The macro-minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorine and sulfur) and trace minerals (copper, zinc, iron, selenium, cobalt, iodine, manganese, molybdenum and chromium) are essential elements and needed to transform protein and energy of the foods into body components or in animal products such as milk, meat, new gestations, fur and wool. Those minerals also strengthen the health of the animals, preventing them from diseases and/or heightening their resistance. The minerals have been considered as the third limiting group in animal nutrition and at the same time, minerals have the greatest potential and represent the lowest cost in increasing livestock production. Minerals are essential building blocks of bone and tooth structure, soft tissue and body fluids. They are involved in cell function, being activators of more than three hundred enzymes, being essential constituents of vitamins, hormones and respiratory pigments and facilitating the activity of rumen microorganisms. When the supply of minerals in the diet is inadequate in quality and/or quantity deficiencies appear, associated with metabolic diseases and loss in production. The effects of deficiencies in minerals have been reported in most countries and represent significant economic losses in herds of animal cattle. Deficiencies and/or mineral imbalances can cause the following disorders: low percentage of calving, more services per conception, abortions, placental retention, increased calving interval, low milk production, low birth weight and weaning, low weaning rate, low weight gain, increased incidence of infectious diseases, spontaneous fractures, diarrhea, deformation of bones and mortality. Diagnosis of deficiencies in the mineral nutrient content of blood samples of animals, the food and water they consume are basic to be able of defining an appropriate mineral supplementation plan at farm level.
Rendimiento de una pastura consociada implantada con cuatro sistemas de labranza alternativos y análisis económico de cada sistema
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Serpa, G.; Masache, J.; Galarza, D.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Agrupamiento en base a tamaño, registros, manejo alimentario, estado reproductivo y salud de unidades bovinas de producción lechera en la provincia de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Chuma, J.; Chilpe, M. I.; Pesántez, J. L.; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Guevara, G.; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Efecto de la ozonoterapia o el tratamiento alopático sobre la endometritis post-parto en vacas y análisis económico de los tratamientos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Narváez, J.; León, O.; Galarza, D.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Impacto del uso de los sistemas de alimentación a corral como estrategia para el engorde de bovinos para carne
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Elizalde, Juan C.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Strategic cattle confinement in pens (feedlot) is a very beneficial and widely used approach in Argentina to prepare the animals in their final stage for the domestic and export consumption markets. The purpose of feedlots is to allow a better utilization of forage and reducing the age at slaughter. For the correct introduction it is necessary to consider the factors that affect its economic performance such as the characteristic of the diets used, the levels of consumption and conversion efficiency. This in turn interacts with the type of animal in the feedlot. In this presentation two strategic confinement systems are considered, respectively pens for finnishing (feedlots) and pens for the rearing or fattening of calves after weaning. In recent years, feedlot activity has been linked to variations in the price of grain and the type of product achieved. There are variations attributed to change in consumer preferences and also to the effect of the concentration of meat sales in some retail outlets that require uniformity in the delivery of animals and the size of the meat cuts. Some relevant aspects of the American feedlot and the feedlots in Argentina are discussed, as well as some factors that may affect the financial results of the activity. The main aim of the pens for rearing of the weaning calf is to improve weight gain during this period in comparison to the rearing conditions on pastures where there may have been limitations on the amount and quality of forage produced. This presentation discusses and analyzes the factors to be considered in the management of the two types of pens: the termination or the finishing of steer fattening and the rearing or fattening of calves after weaning. In the first case, the effects of sex, age, conversion efficiencies, breed, previous nutritional status and dietary factors in itself are discussed, while in the second case, the different types of calves that can be incorporated into the system as well as the use of different diets are analyzed. The development of rearing systems of calves in pens, allowed designing new production systems based on an increase of the load, the weight gain, the modification of the final weight and possible changes at the time of termination. In the case of termination pens (feedlots), they have been a very useful tool to achieving termination of animals for domestic consumption and for export.
Comparación de dos medios para congelar semen de toro y la influencia de tres tiempos de equilibración en la calidad post-descongelación
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Galarza, D. A.; Serpa, V. G.; Torres, C. S.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Plantas y sustancias tóxicas para el ganado
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Odriozola, Ernesto; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Economic losses caused by plant poisonings are difficult to quantify, mainly because very different mechanisms of action and toxicities exist. These can result in a sudden high mortality, decline in reproductive rates, birth defects, and drop in the gain of weight. But despite the difficulty in detection, it is clear that the effect of poisoning strongly affects the economic performance of meat producers. The objective of this presentation is to provide information that will facilitate producers to recognize the toxic plants, and to provide new resources to veterinaries to accurately diagnosis poisoning by detailing the clinical alterations, the biochemical parameters and the macroscopic lesions, that are observable at necropsy.
Diagnóstico de paratuberculosis bovina en vacas lecheras del cantón Mejía utilizando un ELISA indirecto
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Oña, D.; Cajilema, M.; Paredes Muñoz, J.; Mosquera, J.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Manejo y parámetros productivos de ganado lechero en la región lechera del cantón de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Chuma, J.; Chilpe, M. I.; Pesántez, J. L.; Ayala, L.; Guevara, G.; Serpa, G.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Comparación de la implementación del sistema de pastoreo racional Voisin con el sistema extensivo clásico en un hato bovino lechero
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Solórzano, V. A.; Arcos, F. J.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Digestibilidad aparente de las gramíneas Bothriochloa saccharoides, Bothriochloa pertusa y Dichanthium annulatum
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Quintero, M. Y.; Pardo, J. A.; Piñeros Varón, R.; Alvear, C.; Mora Delgado, J.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
Impacto de los forrajes conservados sobre los sistemas de cria vacuna
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Arroquy, José Ignacio; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
In grazing systems, seasonal and inter-annual forage deficit and surplus management throughout the use of forage conservation has an important impact on pasture management and utilization, and consequently on animal performance and livestock system. This paper reports on the yield and quality of different preserved forage sources like silage or hay. Are also discussed the expected animal response with regards to harvest time and storage system (hay vs. silage). Thereby, special emphasis is given to the critical points that guarantee achieving high quality of conserved forages and the utilization of hay or silage as supplement under grazing, as well as for growing and finishing diets in feed yard systems. Finally, the paper highlights the normal nutritional deficiencies in conserved forage and discusses possible correction strategies. Even though it is well known that forage conservation - silage and hay - is a powerful tool for the intensification of livestock production systems, there are key aspects to be considered that guarantee a food reserve of high quality and take advantage of the reserves in the entire system, such as the forage production, harvest time, conservation method and utilization.
Una reflexión prospectiva sobre técnicas sostenibles para controlar la reproducción en mamíferos domésticos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Chemineau, Philippe; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Controlling farm animal reproduction was/is one of the essential tools for domestication of species. It is still of high interest for genetic improvement, adjustment of reproduction to feed availability, to market and reduction of unproductive periods. Detection of oestrous behaviour in cyclic females, synchronization of conceptions and increase of the potency of diffusion of sires are three common objectives among species. The various reproductive systems among livestock systems differ because of intrinsic properties of species and because of the various degrees of intensification of these systems. Three clear tendencies are to continue increasing productivity by improving reproductive efficiency, developing new and sustainable techniques without hormones, and continuing to develop AI and reproductive biotechnologies. Future areas in research could be the physiological and ethological bases of the socio-sexual inter-relationships between animals, the genetic control of reproductive traits, an increase in the efficiency of classical and new reproductive biotechnologies and engineering, and the use in farm conditions of innovative reproductive techniques. These reproductive techniques should be developed and applied within the livestock systems in such a manner that they contribute to the three pillars of sustainability: environment, economy and society.
Prevalencia de anticuerpos a Neospora caninum en hatos de bovinos lecheros en tres parroquias del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Bernardi, C.; Cueva, M.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Interacción planta-animal en el contexto de sistemas productivos desarrollados en distintos ambientes ecológicos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Brizuela, M. A.; Cid, M. S.; Cibils, A. F.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
The study of factors that drive the spatial patterns and distribution of the grazing of domestic herbivores is central to the discipline of natural resource ecology and management. Although ranchers and rangeland professionals conduct annual or seasonal stocking rate adjustments to influence animal habitat preference and achieve efficient use of forage resource, the management of the distribution of livestock continues to be a major challenge. The heterogeneity of rangeland grazing environments has both spatial and temporal dimensions, which pose significant challenges to the understanding of the factors that drive livestock habitat selection decisions. The manuscript starts with a review of the current conceptual models of livestock foraging behavior at large spatial scale, whereafter some results of studies conducted in contrasting range biomes of Argentina and New Mexico (EEUU) are presented. In those studies the grazing behavior of animals with or without GPS-collars was monitored which contributed to a gradual improvement of grazing management decisions on rangelands. In the final section of the manuscript are briefly some considerations presented related with livestock management in Ecuador and the importance of the animal-plant interaction approach that we believe can contribute to improving the sustainability of livestock production systems.
Prevalencia de anticuerpos a Parainfluenza Bovina (PI-3) en ganaderías lecheras de dos parroquias del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Andrade, O. S.; Chicaiza, G.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca

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