Ingeniería Eléctrica-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/40

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Reducción del espacio de búsqueda aplicada a la planificación óptima de sistemas transmisión de energía eléctrica de gran escala
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2025-09-24) González Cantos, Félix Sebastián; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio
Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) is an essential activity to ensure that the electric power system can meet future demand at the lowest cost while meeting technical and environmental constraints. The current challenge for implementing any TNEP methodology is the computational complexity derived from the size of transmission systems and the high number of candidate lines, which results in large search spaces and therefore unmanageable computation times. For that reason, in this work, we propose a methodology based on Search Space Reduction (SSR) using clustering algorithms to produce a subset or group of candidate lines in which the optimal solution is ideally found. The performance of unsupervised algorithms such as Kmeans, PAM, and CLARA is compared, considering the overload, cost benefit, and least effort criteria as clustering methods. To validate that the search subspace contains the optimal solution, the Improved version of DE-PBILc hybrid metaheuristic (IDE PBILc) is used as an optimization technique. Finally, the methodology is applied to four electrical test systems of different scales: the 6-bus Garver system, the 24-bus IEEE system, the modified 118-bus IEEE system, and the modified 300-bus IEEE system. This results in significant reductions in processing time, 12.05%, 98.85%, 78.81%, and 95.76%, respectively, due to the reduction in computational complexity. It is also verified that the optimal solution is part of the subspace obtained for each of the test systems.
Estudio de prefactibilidad para el almacenamiento a través de baterías de litio e hidrógeno para el excedente de energía eléctrica del parque eólico Huascachaca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-30) Padilla Tapia, Marco Vinicio; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The diversification of Ecuador’s energy matrix, driven by the Master Electricity Plan, includes the implementation of an energy storage system using lithium-ion and hydrogen technologies to harness the surplus energy generated by the Huascachaca Wind Farm (PEH). This project, which could bring economic benefits to ELECAUSTRO S.A. by enabling the injection of stored energy into the National Interconnected System (SNI), involves a technical, economic, and environmental analysis of both technologies. A land use and infrastructure proposal is presented in accordance with national regulations, and the energy generation and consumption behavior of the PEH is studied to calculate daily, monthly, and annual surpluses. Using MATLAB programming, the necessary storage system is sized, and its maximum potential is evaluated. Finally, a financial analysis is carried out, comparing the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Net Present Value (NPV) of both options to identify the most economically viable and profitable alternative. The conclusions support the feasibility of the project under certain conditions, and all calculations and simulations were conducted using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB R2019a.
Comparación de esquemas de protección en redes de medio voltaje utilizando simulación en tiempo real
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Rodas Vélez, Augusto Orlando; Sanango Fernández, Juan Bautista
This thesis develops and validates a protection scheme for a medium-voltage feeder, implemented in a simulation environment using Simulink modeling tools and MATLAB programming. The main objective is to analyze the coordination between two widely used protection functions in power systems: differential protection (87) and time-overcurrent protection (51). The algorithms were designed with MATLAB Function blocks that reproduce the behavior of a physical relay, considering current transformations, trip logic, state memory, and operating times. The 51 protection was configured with standardized curves following IEC 60255-151 and IEEE C37.112-1996, including inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse, and ultra-inverse families. Using these curves, the system performance was evaluated under three-phase and single-phase-to-ground faults, verifying trip sequence and selectivity between primary and backup protections. The simulation includes an equivalent model of a typical Ecuadorian distribution feeder, adjusted to real operating conditions. Measurement and monitoring tools were incorporated to record actual operating times and compare them with teoretical values derived from each curve. Results confirm that the system maintains proper time coordination, validating the logic of selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability. This work strengthens the technical analysis applied to distribution network protection and establishes a basis for future real-time implementations through Hardware-in-the-Loop testing or experiments with physical relays in laboratory environments, aligned with the ongoing transition toward digital substations and intelligent protection systems.
Análisis del impacto en los transformadores de distribución MT/BT y su red, asociada con la implementación total de las cocinas a inducción en el sector residencial
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Lima Cabrera, Dorian Jeovanny; Romero Encalada, Carlos Arturo; Albornoz Vintimilla, Claudio Esteban
The adoption of induction stoves has been promoted in recent years as a key strategy for energy transition in the residential sector, aiming to reduce dependence on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and encourage efficient electricity use. However, the widespread implementation of these technologies poses a significant challenge to the electrical distribution infrastructure, particularly concerning the operational capacity of medium and low voltage (MV/LV) transformers and distribution lines. This research project aims to analyze the technical and energy impact of the massive implementation of induction stoves on the electrical network of Empresa Eléctrica Centro Sur C.A. (EERCS). The study focuses on three residential areas with different socioeconomic characteristics, evaluating the performance of distribution transformers and their ability to withstand the increased energy demand. The methodology combines historical electricity consumption data analysis, field surveys, and future scenario simulations to identify potential overloads and propose technical solutions to improve grid stability and efficiency. The findings provide valuable insights into the current state of the electrical infrastructure and its limitations in coping with demand growth. Additionally, recommendations are presented to optimize transformer sizing and strengthen the distribution network, ensuring system sustainability and power supply quality. This study aims to serve as a reference for future network planning and expansion strategies, enabling an effective energy transition without compromising the operational integrity of the electrical system.
Inversor de Frecuencia Trifásico con Modulación SPWM: Simulación e Implementación con la tarjeta ESP32
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Zarie Bonilla, Diego Enmanuel; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
This thesis project aims to establish the procedures for the simulation, design, programming, and physical construction of a three-phase frequency inverter. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB's Simulink development environment with the Simscape library. The ESP32 microcontroller is programmed using code developed with the Arduino IDE software, which belongs to the Arduino microcontroller family. The code generates SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) signals that control the triggering of the inverter's IGBT switches. The control and power circuits are designed using commercially available components to enable the physical implementation of the inverter. A proper understanding and appropriate use of the drivers in the control system ensures the correct operation of the high-frequency switches and allows a sinusoidal signal to be obtained at the output of the frequency inverter.
Análisis de conductores de alto desempeño (HPC y HTLS) en la expansión de sistemas de transmisión de energía eléctrica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-25) Barrionuevo Ortega, Daniel Enrique; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio
The sustained growth in electricity demand and the technical limitations of transmission networks have driven the need for innovative technologies that enhance system efficiency and reliability without requiring major infrastructure investments. In this context, high-performance conductors (HTLS) emerge as a viable alternative to conventional ones, as they allow operation at higher temperatures without compromising mechanical stability or operational safety. This thesis evaluates the incorporation of HTLS conductors in power system expansion through a comparative technical-economic approach using three representative test systems. To solve the expansion planning problem, a metaheuristic was implemented in combination with an AC optimal power flow model using MATPOWER. The selection of candidate lines was based on technical and economic criteria, and scenarios with different cost proportions for HTLS conductors were analyzed to assess the feasibility of their implementation and the potential advantages they could bring to the grid, such as reducing investment costs or increasing system loadability.
Desarrollo de un prototipo de aula energéticamente autónoma mediante un sistema solar fotovoltaico con almacenamiento en baterías: caso de estudio en el campus Balzay de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Vargas González, Guido Antonio; Iñiguez Moran, Vinicio Estuardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
This thesis presents the development of a prototype energy-autonomous classroom powered by a photovoltaic solar system with energy storage, located on the Balzay campus of the University of Cuenca. The study begins with an analysis of the available solar resource, including a comparison with other databases to validate the accuracy of the irradiation values used in the project. Simultaneously, the selection of the prototype classroom was carried out by evaluating parameters related to occupancy levels in candidate classrooms on the Balzay campus. Subsequently, the energy consumption profile on the selected classroom was studied to determine both the overall consumption level and the demand behavior within a university setting. Understanding this behavior enabled the optimal sizing of the proposed photovoltaic system. The system was then designed based on the energy needs of the pilot classroom, taking into account commercially available equipment in the Ecuadorian market and their technical specifications to dine the system layout. The proposed system was evaluated through simulation using PVsyst, with the aim of validating the design results. Although it was not possible to implement the proposed system due to the unavailability of certain components, the energy quality of an existing system in Microgrid Laboratory – operating under the same conditions considered for the classroom prototype – was analyzed, thereby validating the feasibility and reliability of the proposed project.
Determinación de los parámetros de la caracterización DLC del supercondensador del laboratorio de Micro-Red
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Martínez Curipoma, Andrés Alberto; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Supercapacitors are key devices in modern energy storage applications, particularly in backup systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids, due to their high power density and long service life. This work presents the identification of parameters for two equivalent circuit models applied to a supercapacitor bank with over a decade of usage. The first model, based on the structure proposed by the manufacturer, fails to accurately reproduce the terminal voltage evolution, even after numerical parameter adjustment, revealing its limitation in representing the actual behavior of the aged bank. The second model, based on Zubieta’s proposal, incorporates the nonlinear dependence of capacitance on voltage and was obtained based on the manufacturer’s model output. However, it also required numerical tuning, which yielded significantly different parameters consistent with an advanced aging state of the device. The results suggest a loss of conduction capability, a reduction in total capacitance, an increase in leakage resistance, and a slower dynamic response, considering that the bank is approaching the end of its useful life.
Evaluación del Potencial Energético proveniente de fuentes renovables de la parroquia Nazón perteneciente al cantón Biblián
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Capón Caimayo, Pedro Emilio; Chica Chica, Xavier Leonel; Barragán Escandón, Edgar Antonio
This study evaluates the energy potential of renewable sources in the rural parish of Nazón, Biblián Canton, Cañar Province, Ecuador, focusing on the technical, environmental, and social viability of mini-hydraulic, mini-wind, hydrokinetic, and photovoltaic technologies. Through a quantitative and systematic approach, including historical data analysis, statistical modeling, and a multicriteria decision-making process using PROMETHEE II, the research determines the most suitable energy solution for the region. The annual energy demand of Nazón was estimated at 704,487 kWh, with the residential sector accounting for 71.4% of consumption. Results indicate that photovoltaic energy is the most viable option, with a potential production of 16,753,868 kWh/year, exceeding the local demand by 2,348%. Mini-hydraulic systems show a potential of 423,844 kWh/year, covering approximately 60% of the demand, while miniwind and hydrokinetic technologies are less feasible due to low wind speeds and flow velocities. The findings highlight the opportunity to achieve energy self-sufficiency in Nazón through solar energy, supporting sustainable development, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and enhancing socioeconomic benefits. Recommendations include prioritizing photovoltaic implementation, exploring complementary mini-hydraulic systems, and fostering community engagement to ensure project success.
Propuesta metodológica para el despacho energético aplicada al parque eólico huascachaca mediante sistemas de almacenamiento energético
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Mejía Garcés, Kerlyn Marylin; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The rapid development of wind energy has positioned it as a cornerstone in the transition toward sustainable energy sources. However, the inherent variability of wind power generation presents operational challenges that require innovative approaches. This paper proposes a methodology for sizing an energy storage system (ESS) aimed at storing surplus production and releasing it during periods of deficit while simultaneously reducing the variability of wind power injected into the grid. The approach employs a fuzzy logic-based control algorithm. The Huascachaca wind farm serves as the case study. The results demonstrate that integrating short- and long-term storage systems with low capacities effectively capture energy surpluses but is limited in smoothing power fluctuations. Conversely, systems with medium and high capacities achieve greater stabilization of grid-injected power, thereby reducing undelivered energy and mitigating variability, enhancing overall efficiency. The study concludes with a preliminary economic analysis to assess the ESS's feasibility over the short, medium, and long term, considering current regulations and the energy revenue from the Huascachaca wind farm.
Diseño de un sistema de generación distribuida para el autoabastecimiento de abonados residenciales que integre almacenamiento de energía en baterías
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Aguirre Landin, Adrian Mauricio; Berrezueta Berrezueta, Ronny Bryam; Iñiguez Moran, Vinicio Estuardo
This work consists of the sizing of a distributed generation system, specifically a hybrid photovoltaic system with battery backup for a household located in the El Batan sector, classified under energy stratum type C. The study is carried out considering the available solar resource, the current regulations and standards in Ecuador that define how to size the different components of the hybrid system. In addition, an energy demand analysis of the household was performed using three methods to determine daily demand: through a power quality analyzer, by analyzing the energy consumption history provided by the distribution company, and by surveying critical loads, the latter being especially important for sizing the battery bank. Once all the necessary data for sizing was collected, the overall performance of the system was determined, along with the number of solar panels, inverters, and batteries required, the energy generated, and the capacity factor. The results obtained were then compared with simulations performed in the Homer Pro software. Finally, the benefits of the system were explained through an analysis of the economic savings in energy consumption, the economic losses avoided by having a backup system, and the CO₂ displacement achieved by the system. This project is presented as an environmentally friendly alternative to address energy outages and to establish energy autonomy for users.
Evaluación de la producción de Hidrógeno Verde en laboratorio con superávit de generación fotovoltaica y sus posibles aplicaciones
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Padrón Andrade, Galo Fernando; Pesántez Gahuancela, Estefanía Isabel; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The integration of photovoltaic energy into power systems is often limited by its intermittency and the mismatch between generation and demand. This research explores the use of surplus photovoltaic energy for green hydrogen production through water electrolysis, its storage in high-pressure tanks, and its reconversion into electricity using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, completing a “Power to Power” (P2P) cycle. The methodology includes technical characterization of each subsystem (electrolyzer and storage) and the estimation of system efficiency and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The study also evaluates the potential role of hydrogen in mobility applications, supported by a review of current hydrogen vehicle technologies. Results contribute to understanding the feasibility of integrating hydrogen-based storage systems in distributed renewable energy scenarios and offer a framework for evaluating similar deployments in microgrid environments.
Análisis multicriterio para la localización de emplazamientos para la promoción de proyectos de generación de energía eléctrica renovable basada en turbinas hidro-cinéticas mediante el uso de sistemas de información geográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-01) Salinas León, Carlos Daniel; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
In this article, a methodology was developed that implements the fundamentals and principles of multicriteria analysis through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), aimed at locating renewable electricity generation projects, with a particular focus on the use of hydrokinetic turbines. This approach involves the simultaneous evaluation of various geospatial factors to identify optimal locations. By integrating criteria such as water flow and current locations, proximity to water bodies, distance to inhabited areas, and environmental constraints, among others, GIS allows for the weighting and combination of these factors to generate suitability maps that highlight the most favorable areas for the installation of hydrokinetic turbines in Ecuador. Consequently, a methodology was proposed to conduct multicriteria analysis, facilitating informed and sustainable decision-making by considering technical, environmental, and social aspects in the planning of hydrokinetic projects within ArcGIS geographic information systems (GIS). As part of the results, five ideal zones were identified and evaluated through a preliminary energy calculation.
Desarrollo de interfaz gráfica en Matlab implementando un algoritmo de juegos cooperativos para el intercambio de energía con microrredes
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Seminario Uyaguari, Christian Ronaldo; Velezaca Muzha, Sebastián Fernando
The transmission system transports electrical energy from generation plants, which are located far from consumers, leading to energy losses. To reduce these losses, technologies focused on transmission and distribution have been developed. Additionally, the use of non- conventional renewable energy sources and advanced technologies has driven the creation of microgrids. These allow for distributed generation, bringing energy production closer to the load and reducing losses. This work proposes an algorithm implemented in a graphical interface as an executable program to determine the energy exchange with the least losses between sellers and buyers within a distribution network. The program is designed to operate in low- and medium-voltage networks, considering a constant exchange of information between the network elements. The algorithm uses Cooperative Game Theory to optimize energy exchange. It aims to minimize losses by forming coalitions between sellers and buyers. These coalitions are strategically established to ensure that energy exchange is beneficial for both parties. The main criterion considered by the program during execution is the connectivity between network participants. The proposed methodology improves energy efficiency within the distribution network, contributing to a more reliable and sustainable electrical system.
Estudio de prefactibilidad técnica y económica de la reconfiguración de un sistema de subtransmisión de energía eléctrica para reducción de pérdidas y regulación de voltaje: enfoque en un caso de estudio ecuatoriano
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-26) Guillén Sánchez, Christian Andrés; Vicuña Bustos, Francisco Javier; Sanango Fernández, Juan Bautista
This study analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of reconfiguring a subtransmission system, aimed at enhancing system reliability, reducing losses, and maintaining acceptable voltage levels under both normal operating conditions and contingencies. Tools such as DIgSILENT PowerFactory and Python were employed to develop an integrated model capable of evaluating the current system and projecting demand growth scenarios over a 10-year horizon. The methodology involves detailed power flow analysis, demand forecasting, and contingency simulations to assess the impact of subtransmission line outages. In this study, the term "reconfiguration" is broadly applied to include not only topological changes but also actions involving operational adjustments and, in some cases, the construction of new system elements. Based on the results, critical points are identified, and several alternatives are evaluated to select the most viable option in terms of technical and operational impact. Finally, operational and technical benefits are highlighted, justifying the required investment. This approach supports the development of a more reliable and efficient system, prepared to address the sustained growth in demand.
Análisis del potencial energético de residuos agrícolas en Ecuador para aplicaciones de generación eléctrica distribuida basada en bioenergía
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Vega Iñiguez, María Eliza; Marín Apolo, Yulissa del Cisne; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The use of agricultural residues as a source of biomass represents a sustainable and strategic alternative for distributed electricity generation in Ecuador. This research aims to evaluate the energy potential of residues from four key crops: oil palm, sugarcane, hard corn, and rice, which were selected for energy generation through direct combustion. These four crops yield 3635 million tons of annual usable residues, from which the annual energy potential in GWh was calculated. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis was conducted to determine the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), thereby assessing its viability as a competitive renewable energy source. The results reveal that the valorization of these agricultural waste is feasible in several provinces, particularly in Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas, Sucumbíos, and Manabí, where suitable energy yield levels for distributed generation were identified. Nationwide, the four residues offer an annual energy potential of 2407,68 GWh. For a 25 MW plant, an LCOE of 0,097 USD/kWh was obtained, positioning this energy source as competitive compared to other renewable options in the country. Implementing biomass systems would enhance the efficient use of agricultural residues, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide a viable pathway for renewable energy development in Ecuador.
Capacidad de alojamiento de vehículos eléctricos y generación fotovoltaica para autoabastecimiento en la red de distribución de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centrosur C.A.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-25) Cárdenas Bravo, Jorge Enrique; Machuca Chabla, Pedro José; Sanango Fernández, Juan Bautista
In this academic paper a methodology for the estimation of the Hosting Capacity (HC) of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) for Photovoltaic Systems (SFVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) technologies in the medium and low voltage distribution networks of Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C.A. (EERCS) is proposed and developed using the Open Distribution Simulator System (OpenDSS), an open access simulation system that allows easy replication of the methodology in future research. In this study, Python is used to: model in OpenDSS the distribution network represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on graph theory, build random scenarios using the Monte Carlo method and develop a deterministic methodology based on time series for the calculation of the HC. Each executed process has sub-processes that must be verified to ensure the reliability of the HC estimation. These sub-processes are: error correction of the model represented in a GIS, the correct definition of the penetration scenarios and the limits for the electrical parameters that define the impact criteria according to the EERCS regulations, and the storage and representation of the results of the temporal simulations. The results obtained for each impact criterion are analyzed graphically with box plots, which through quartiles allow identifying the maximum, minimum, average and atypical values of the electrical parameters. Finally, based on the analysis of the results, the DER HC for the distribution network is defined as a percentage of penetration of Photovoltaic Systems (PVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) technologies.
Impacto de la penetración fotovoltaica en las oscilaciones de ángulo de potencia el sistema eléctrico de la Isla Santa Cruz y Baltra: Análisis y propuesta de control con PV-STATCOM
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-24) Molina Jara, Ariel Josue; Moscoso Calle, Mateo Eduardo; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael
The need for decarbonization of the global electrical grid and the growing trend towards generation from unconventional renewable sources, such as photovoltaic energy, have given rise to a new paradigm in energy infrastructure. This transition is not without technological challenges, as power converter-based generation systems lack the rotor angle stability properties that characterize conventional electrical systems and have been shown to negatively impact the transient stability of these systems. To address these new challenges, an analysis of the impact caused by the replacement of conventional generation with photovoltaic generation is carried out, and a power system stabilizer based on a PV-STATCOM is proposed to integrate a photovoltaic generation system into the electrical grid. Through simulations in Simulink and Matlab of an electrical system based on the topology of the Santa Cruz and Baltra islands’ electrical grid, the impact on transient stability of the transition to large-scale photovoltaic generation is analyzed. The study results show that integrating this type of generation worsens the system’s transient response. However, it is evident that proposing a power system stabilizer based on photovoltaic converters in PV-STATCOM mode significantly improves the system’s response. This opens up the possibility for large-scale transition to cleaner energy sources in electrical systems, improving system stability through control techniques based on the same power converters used for clean energy generation.
Análisis de cargabilidad de transformadores de distribución de la Empresa Eléctrica Centro Sur CA y su impacto técnico y económico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-23) Sánchez Vásquez, Jorge Isaac; Ulloa Rodas, José Ignacio; Albornoz Vintimilla, Claudio Esteban
In the distribution of electric power, transformers are essential, since they allow the transfer of energy from medium to low voltage, adjusting to the needs of end users. Empresa Eléctrica Regional CENTROSUR faces the challenge of ensuring the efficiency and reliability of its distribution transformers, both technically and economically. This degree work performs a detailed analysis of the loadability and efficiency of this equipment in CENTROSUR, covering technical, operational and economic aspects, such as oversizing and associated losses. Since energy demand and installed capacity do not always grow at the same rate, it is crucial to perform a thorough evaluation to optimize transformer sizing. The research is organized in chapters that explain from the operation of transformers and their components, to a comparative analysis of sizing methodologies used by other distribution companies in the country. It also includes an analysis of loss costs under different scenarios of the utilization factor in the distribution system, considering two specific cases of transformers, implementing measurement curves and overload criteria established by the ANSI/IEEE C57.91-1981 standards and the Colombian Technical Guide GTC 50. This degree work seeks to propose more efficient practices in the management of distribution transformers, with the objective of reducing energy losses and improving professional practices in the electric distribution network of Empresa Eléctrica Regional CENTROSUR.
Modelamiento e implementación vía simulación por computadora de un método de control de potencia y tensión basado en lógica difusa para sistemas fotovoltaicos en una microreed aislada
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-05) Inga Cajamarca, Alen Andrés; Nivicela Marchán, Christian Esteban; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés
In this thesis, a model of an isolated microgrid is proposed, implementing a Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controller to smooth out power curves within the isolated microgrid. The FL-based controller allows the synchronous generator to operate without abrupt power changes, thereby ensuring robust system backup and extending the generator's lifespan. Additionally, the study implements a controller to stabilize the voltage at the load node, particularly when the loads begin to vary their consumption. To achieve this, irradiance curves previously recorded at the Balzay Campus Microgrid were used, and computer simulations of the components connected to the system under study were conducted. The simulations were based on the nameplate specifications of the components, which include: Synchronous Generator, PV System, Supercapacitor, and Variable Load. These simulations provided a solid foundation to evaluate the performance of the controlled environment and verify its correct operation. The proposed power and voltage controller achieves significant improvements, thereby ensuring its effectiveness.

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