Ingeniería Química

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    Absorción gas-líquido mezcla CO2 aire-agua
    (1991-11-11) Crespo Astudillo, Janneth; Jara Arévalo, Magaly; Peñafiel Ochoa, Raúl
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    Actualización del plan de seguridad de la fábrica de muebles La Carpintería del Grupo Corporativo Colineal
    (2009) Orellana L., Hernán Marcelo; Tintin Cornejo, Emerson Santiago; Jerves Mora, Rodrigo Saúl
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    Adsorción de diclofenaco e ibuprofeno del agua usando bagazo de caña de azúcar y cáscara de cacao hidrolizado
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-08) Barzallo Redrovan, Joe Stiven; Guiracocha Orellana, Nathaly Carolina; Peñafiel Herrera, María Eulalia
    It was evaluated the adsorption of diclofenac and ibuprofen, two pharmaceuticals considered emerging contaminants, using modified agro-industrial residues as adsorbents: hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse and cocoa shell. Experiments were carried out in batch reactors and fixed- bed columns to analyze removal efficiency under equilibrium and continuous flow conditions. In the batch system, the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration, and contact time were studied. Experimental data were fitted to kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo- second order, and intraparticle diffusion) and equilibrium models (Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, and Dubinin–Radushkevich). The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit (R² > 0.90), indicating that both chemical and physical interactions contribute significantly to the process. In fixed-bed columns, the influence of adsorbent mass and flow rate on breakthrough curves was evaluated. The Thomas, Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson, and Dose–Response models were applied, with the latter showing the best correlation (R² > 0.99). For diclofenac, sugarcane bagasse exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (q₀ = 1.31 mg/g), while for ibuprofen the best performance was obtained with cocoa shell (q₀ = 0.86 mg/g), both under specific mass and flow conditions. The findings confirm that these agro-industrial by-products, being low-cost, readily available, and environmentally sustainable, represent a promising alternative for water treatment technologies aimed at the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants.
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    La adsorción y su aplicación en la clarificación de soluciones
    (1994-11-11) Mogrovejo C., Javier H.; Solano A, Fabián E.; Bernal Bravo, Sixto Bolívar
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    Alternativa de uso de los lodos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (ETAPA) en cerámica
    (2003) Galarza Molina, Sara Alexandra; Román Pérez, Martha Alexandra; Auquilla Terán, Rubén
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    Alternativas de aprovechamiento de colorantes vegetales y sus posibilidades tintóreas en una fibra textil: la cabuya
    (2003-11-11) Zamora Orellana, Javier Patricio; Paredes Roldán, Jorge
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    Ambiente en los hornos cerámicos y su influencia en el producto a nivel del Azuay
    (2002-11-11) Avilés Tapia, Luisa Alejandrina; Granda Aucapiña, Víctor Marcelo; Zalamea Piedra, Teresa Silvana
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    Análisis bacteriológico y toxicológico de alimentos balanceados elaborados en la ciudad de Cuenca
    (1994) Vallejo Z., Celina; Bermeo R., Catalina; Matute S., Miriam; Astudillo Machuca, Adelina
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    Análisis comparativo del porcentaje de óxidos en el cemento Portland, aplicando la normativa NTE INEN 160:2016 y la técnica de espectroscopia de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF).
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-04) Ayora León, Karen Lorena; Lliguicota Quizhpi, Daniel Alejandro; Cruzat Contreras, Christian Américo
    The well-stablished NTE INEN 160:2016 standard for cement oxides chemical analysis procedures describes procedures that take seven days, and consumes an increased amount of reagents, while modern techniques could be used to optimize time. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis between the standard and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) methods for the analysis of silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, insoluble residue, and losses on ignition in a GU type cement sample from the ATENAS brand. The sample was homogenized and quartered down to smaller size before analysis. The standard gravimetric methods were used to analyze the sample, and the results were compared with those obtained using XRF. Using the standard methods, the following percentages were obtained: 21.64%, 2.80%, 52.38%, 2.39%, 0.06%, 0.84%, 1.03%, and 4.18% for SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, SO3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, and Al2O3, the loss on ignition and insoluble residue were determined to be 4.38% and 10.42%, respectively, using only gravimetric methods. While the XRF yielded the following percentages for the same elements: 24.7%, 3.2%, 56.7%, 2.9%, 1.05%, 0.98%, 0.71%, and 5.26%. A statistical analysis using the ANOVA test revealed that there is a significant difference between the two applied methods. The X-ray fluorescence technique has an average standard deviation of 0.064, providing more precise values and being the optimal technique.
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    Análisis comparativo para la optimización del defloculante usado en la etapa de molienda para la elaboración de baldosas en una empresa cerámica
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-31) Carabajo Carangui, Mishel Estefanía; Idrovo Quilambaqui, Diana Carolina; Peñaherrera Palacios, Sandra Catalina
    The ceramic sector is one of the most relevant industries within the country's economy. Its constant growth leads companies producing flat ceramic to optimize their processes and become increasingly more efficient. Then, in the wet grinding and atomizing stages, one of the important variables to control is the deflocculant, which improves the rheology of the ceramic suspension using the least amount of water possible therefore less water to eliminate during atomization, reflected in lower energy consumption. In this degree work, the optimal dosage of the mixture of deflocculants with sodium silicate and sodium polyacrylate from different suppliers was determined, complying with the physicochemical requirements for barbotine established by the company. For the porcelain technology, the two optimal mixtures of deflocculants were: 1) 75% sodium silicate and 25% Spanish polymer and 2) 95% sodium silicate and 5% Mexican polymer, managing to increase the production of atomized powder by 1.55% and 2.54%, respectively, and a total annual economic savings of 4.52% and 17.68%, in each case. On the other hand, in stoneware technology, the optimal mixtures were: 1) 75% sodium silicate and 25% Spanish polymer and 2) 90% sodium silicate and 10% Mexican polymer, increasing the production of atomized powder by 3.05 % and 1.74% with each mixture, linked to a total annual economic savings of 7.29% and 18.45%, respectively.
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    Análisis de factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal del sistema de recolección de residuos sólidos domiciliarios de Empresa Pública Municipal de Aseo de Cuenca (EMACEP)
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-08) Tamayo Loyola, Melky Ricardo; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda
    The proper management of household waste is essential for maintaining cleanliness in cities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collection of these wastes, carried out by waste collectors in collaboration with drivers, is a crucial part of this process. However, this task involves numerous environmental, biological, ergonomic, mechanical, and psychosocial risks that can affect the physical and mental health of workers. The Municipal Public Cleaning Company of Cuenca (EMAC-EP) is responsible for this task in the Cuenca canton, as well as other activities related to the maintenance and administration of green areas and parks. Methodologies such as CoPsoQ istas 21 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory have been used to identify and evaluate the psychosocial risks faced by household waste collectors. The results show that the main psychosocial risk factors are work pace, role conflict, and insecurity about working conditions. Additionally, indications of Burnout syndrome have been observed among workers, varying according to age, years of experience in the company, and type of work performed. A direct relationship has been found between the type of service and the frequency of depersonalization among EMAC EP workers, being more frequent among contracted workers than among permanent employees. These findings underscore the need to address psychosocial risks and improve the working conditions of household waste collectors to safeguard their wellbeing and work performance.
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    Análisis de la calidad de agua de riego de la junta 54-A y su incidencia en la actividad de los usuarios
    (2019-10-03) Andrade Herrera, Christian Javier; Astudillo Ochoa, Sonia Margoth
    The purpose of this project is to analyze and study the water quality of the irrigation canal that passes through the areas of Checa, Sidcay and Ricaurte (parishes adjacent to the Cuenca canton) through the use of water quality indicators, in order to recommend plans of improvement that prevent the contamination of the irrigation system, improving the water quality and the well-being of the users that consume said resource. This research project is focused on the analysis of certain physical, chemical and microbiological parameters previously studied with the Ministry of Water; where water quality results will be obtained that will serve as a basis for decision-making, awareness, education and continuous improvement criteria that guarantee the health and well-being of the population that uses this surface water source, considering that it is a well from which hundreds of citizens benefit. The data were analyzed in such a way that graphs were developed that denote how certain pollutants in the water vary over time and distance, where key points of contamination have been identified for which possible solutions have been proposed for the partners who use this Water source for your day to day.
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    Análisis de los factores de riesgos ocupacionales: Mecánicos, Físico y Ergonómico en el personal de recolección de desechos sólidos domiciliarios en la Empresa Pública Municipal de Aseo de Cuenca (EMAC-EP)
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-13) Muñoz Muñoz, María Renata; Cabrera Quito, Juana María
    Every work activity generates a potential health problem for workers, but some to a greater extent than others, such as the household solid waste collection process. In this context, this research work evaluated the mechanical, physical and ergonomic risk factors to which EMAC-EP collection personnel are exposed. For each risk, several methodologies were applied with a non-experimental descriptive approach, through on-site observations for the elaboration of matrices based on the Colombian Technical Guide GTC45, application of the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire, Cornell questionnaire and OWAS methodology for a postural analysis. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical and ergonomic risks present a risk level I and II; requiring "Urgent intervention" and "Correct and adopt control measures immediately". In addition, it was found that the level of risk depends on the zones and sectors; and this is due to the characteristics of each one of them. Likewise, the workers present musculoskeletal discomfort in most of the body segments; being the dorsal/lumbar area, knees, feet, upper back and neck the most relevant; the same that are attributed to forced postures, repetitive movements and overexertion. The postural analysis reflected normal and highrisk postures. Also, a series of conditions and sub-standard acts committed can be established, which can be corrected to minimize risks. Finally, a series of activities that can be performed to minimize the risks mentioned above are proposed.
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    Análisis de microplásticos en gradiente altitudinal y su dispersión en agua pluvial en la ciudad de Cuenca: Técnicas de cuantificación y caracterización.
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-02) Beltrán Figueroa, Tomás Agustín; Maldonado Avila, Pedro José; Guanuchi Quito, Alexandra Elizabeth
    This project aims to study the presence and dispersion of microplastics in rainwater along an altitudinal gradient in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. To achieve this, microplastics will be characterized and quantified in samples collected from strategic points at different altitudes, in order to evaluate the influence of this parameter on their concentration and composition. The research will begin with the selection of representative sampling points, ensuring adequate coverage of the altitudinal gradient. The samples will be analyzed using advanced techniques, such as FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) to identify the chemical composition of the microplastics, and optical microscopy to quantify the particles present in the rainwater. Subsequently, the concentrations and characteristics of the microplastics will be compared across the different sampling points, allowing the identification of differences in dispersion and deposition based on altitude. The results showed a higher presence of microplastics in areas with high human activity and lower altitudes, with polyethylene in fiber format being the predominant microplastic identified in the analyzed samples.
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    Análisis de reactores: pruebas con trazadores
    (1979-11-11) Arellano Coronel, Pablo E.; Moscoso Tinoco, Esteban
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    Análisis de riesgos en las estaciones de servicio Solano, Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales del Azuay, Gapal. Lineamientos generales para la elaboración de planes de emergencia interiores
    (1997-11-11) Arias Cisneros, James Marlon; Ortiz Palacios, Miguel Eugenio; Vásquez Montesinos, Alfonso Paúl; Vivar Crespo, Efraín
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    Análisis de variantes que inciden en el proceso de molienda y secado para mejorar la superficie especifica del cemento portland
    (2014) Bermeo Chiriboga, Andrés Sebastián; Auquilla Terán, Rubén
    Throughout this study the search for alternatives is proposed to adopt strategies that help improve control of process variables such as specific surface of Portland cement through the intervention study focused on the finish grinding system applying cement plant Guapán belonging to the National Union Cement , located in the city of Azogues . Are applied to the results of the random testing of the specific surface of cement samples obtained in the manufacturing process and related inter operational control variables considered in the experimental technique to statistically analyze its behavior and influence on the process, with so that it can reduce the variability of the process and keep the product to be achieved within the current quality standards for the manufacture of cement with the highest possible efficiency. A comprehensive assessment of the processes that shape the cement grinding system is performed through a two-level experimental design with k factors previously defined variables to model the behavior of the process and the interrelationship between the variables selected for the study. The results and conclusions obtained from the experimental statistical method used in the research to validate the hypothesis and the methodology followed, also opens a space application to delve into the control of this and similar processes in order to determine the degree influence of certain control variables.
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    Análisis del efecto antioxidante de diferentes concentraciones del ají escabeche (Capsicum Baccatum l.) sobre chorizo ahumado
    (2017) Carrión Chimbo, Paola Michel; Astudillo Segovia, Servio Rodrigo
    The objective of this research is to determine the antioxidant effect of the Peruvian Yellow Chile Pepper on the fat of cooked-smoked chorizo. Four treatments were done, a control elaborated with sodium erythorbate, and three with different concentrations of ají escabeche, which were: 3%, 5% and 7%. The analysis of fat oxidation was carried out by the determination of the peroxides value and by the stability of the organoleptic properties in a period of 30 days. The shelf life of each treatment was established together with the microbiological analysis and determination of pH. Also by chemical test the chemical composition of the chorizo was determined. Then the percentage of humidity, fat, starch, and protein were determined, and it could established the fulfillment of the product with the standard INEN 1338:2012. Also it could be possible to classify the chorizo as a meat product Type II. In addition, a nutritional report and semaphore of the product was elaborated. On the other hand, the acceptance and preference of the different treatments were determined by sensory evaluation of products using panels. Through the results of the tests carried out, it was possible to determine that the optimal concentration of ají escabeche as a natural antioxidant was the treatment of chorizo cooked-smoked at 5%, as the treatment with better acceptance by consumers and to present stability to the oxidation of fats and organoleptic properties in the period of analysis