Bioquímica y Farmacia-Pregrado

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Actividad ansiolítica y antidepresiva de Coriandrum sativum: una revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-08) Espinoza Córdova, Rosario Magdalena; Guanoluisa Cordero, Karla Estefanía; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), a member of the Apiaceae family, is among the most used medicinal plants and has important nutritional and medicinal properties, among which are anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The purpose of this titration work is to systematize the information on the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of Coriandrum sativum depending on the type of extract and the methodology used in the experimental trials reported in the scientific articles found through a bibliographic review in different digital databases. Where the effect produced was analyzed in comparison with the anxiolytic and/or antidepressant drug. The results showed that cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), with its main component which is linalool, in its essential oil form, has been shown to have similar effects to drugs such as benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Clonazepam) in the management of animal models (mice, zebras, fish) with induced anxiety, as well as with antidepressant medications such as fluoxetine, in rodents with depression. Concluding that Coriandrum sativum has demonstrated both anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in animal models, it is therefore suggested to undertake other experimental studies in preclinical phases with other models and clinical phases in humans.
Actividad anti-inflamatoria de los extractos de plantas medicinales empleados en el Austro Ecuatoriano en el modelo de Danio rerio
(2013) Buestán Orellana, Andrea del Rocío; Guaraca Merchán, Anita Lucía; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia; León Tamariz, Fabián
Ecuador is a mega-diverse country where plants are widely distributed and used by Ecuadorian people with different purposes, being the medicinal one the most common in our country. This abundance has enabled the widespread use of plants unfortunately, most without a prescription, or studies which support its safety or efficacy. The present research project was focus on the analysis of the pharmacological potential as anti-inflammatory products of the hydro-alcoholic and chloroform extracts from Matricaria recutita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aristeguietia glutinosa, Urtica urens, Cestrum sp, Cestrum aff. peruvianum, and Uncaria tomentosa using the zebrafish as a model (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish can be explained due to its genetic homology, physiological and pharmacological similarity on responds as humans. It is of particular importance to mention the fact that this research was based on previous experience of Dr. David Achig, regarding to the therapeutic use of various plants, according to concepts present in the traditional Chinese medicine. One objective of this particular research is to give scientific support to this ancient knowledge. For the present study, seven plants were selected according to Dr. Achig criteria and ethnomedical information. Plant samples were collected, botanically characterized, rinsed, dried, and stored until analysis. Hydro-alcoholic and chloroform extracts were obtained. The toxicity of obtained extracts was assayed on zebra fish larvae of 7 days post fertilization in order to determine the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC). Subsequently, in vivo assay was developed in order to evaluate the leukocyte migration and determine the extract anti-inflammatory activity. Statistical analysis was performed with the free software "R" version 2.15.2 64-bit, using ANOVA analysis and multiple comparison procedure Tukey. Results allowed us to conclude that hydroalcoholic and chloroform extracts of Matricaria recutita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aristeguietia glutinosa, Urtica urens, Cestrum sp, Cestrum aff. peruvianum, Uncaria tomentosa (leaves) and the hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa (stem herbal), exhibit anti-inflammatory activity like the positive control Piroxicam (Feldene ®). Hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa (mixture: herbal leaves and stem) and the chloroform extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (mixture: herbal leaves and stem), and Uncaria tomentosa (stem herbal) exhibit partial anti-inflammatory activity compared to the positive control Piroxicam (Feldene ®).
Actividad antibacteriana de aceites esenciales solos y en combinación con antibióticos sintéticos frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-08-29) Coronel Tenesaca, Mateo Sebastián; Piña Calle, Camila Estefanía; Moscoso Romo, María Paz
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the ESKAPE group, which includes the main bacteria classified as a priority in the development of new antimicrobial agents due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance. The production of biofilms and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are natural resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa against conventional pharmacotherapy. This bacterium has been linked to infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly those who are hospitalized, due to the development of biofilms on catheters, artificial respirators, or prosthetic devices. In this study, essential oils were obtained from two medical plants, Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) y Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) through hydro- distillation. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, using the broth microdilution method, and the potential synergism effect with conventional antibiotics was assessed using the checkerboard method. The results of this dissertation demonstrate that both essential oils have activity against the mentioned bacteria, with Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) essential oil an activity of 4096 μg/mL and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) at 1024 μg/mL. Regarding the synergism activity, Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) essential oil and Ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic effect, with a reduction in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to 1/512 (8 μg/mL) and to 1/4 (0.03125 μg/mL) respectively. On the other hand, the data obtained from Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) essential oil showed an indifference effect with the antibiotic evaluated.
Actividad antifungal de aceites escenciales totales contra Penicilium s.p.p., Aspergillus niger s.p.p. Tricophytum rubrum, candida Albicans, Microsporum canis Mucor
(2000) Vera B., Catalina; Chacón T., Olmer; Astudillo Machuca, Adelina
Actividad antifúngica e insecticida de macerado acuoso de plantas
(2001) Aguirre Castro, Clara; Peña Rodas, Lorena; Astudillo Machuca, Adelina
Actividad antiinflamatoria e inmunoestimulante de dos especies del género Uncaria - revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-18) Chaca Maxi, Carolin Viviana; Naranjo Miranda, José Estuardo; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena; Goercke Torres, Sonia Amayra
Introduction: Our organism triggers an inflammatory process as an initial and nonspecific response to physical, chemical or microbiological stimuli, in order to remedy and limit the injury or damage caused. The immune system acts as a defense mechanism against pathogens, generating a variety of cells and molecules specialized in recognizing and eliminating the harmful agent, so it is important to investigate the effects of Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis in antiinflammatory and immunostimulant treatments. Main Objective: To analyze current information, from 2015 to 2021, on compounds and metabolites with antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activity of two species of Uncaria genus. Methodology: Bibliographic review of documentary type; a total of 24 articles and publications were included; corresponding to the period between 2015 to 2021, the information search was carried out in databases such as ScienceDirect (ELSEVIER ®), PubMed, Scielo and through the Google Scholar search engine, information from previous years to those mentioned, non-original articles whose information and veracity is not clear were excluded. Results: Information was obtained about the extracts and compounds of U. tomentosa and U. guianensis, where metabolites such as alkaloids, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, etc., were reported, the anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant activity is attributed to the pentacyclic and tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids due to their action on the nervous and immune systems, with mitraphylline being the major alkaloid and the flavanol Kaempferitrin produced only in U. guianensis. The synergy of the metabolites in the two species has allowed obtaining a better therapeutic response, so it is recommended not to isolate them. In addition, extracts of U. tomentosa and U. guianensis with antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activity have been reported, mainly hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and alcoholic extracts. Conclusion: Due to the increase of inflammatory and immunological disorders worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries, this research proposes U. tomentosa and U. guianensis species as an important source of anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant compounds, of which oxindole alkaloids are considered responsible for these therapeutic actions. Therefore, it is recommended to study the development of new medicinal formulas based on plants that achieve the desired therapeutic objective, in addition to having less cytotoxicity with respect to more complex drugs and that are supportive in the treatment of various conditions of interest
Actividad antioxidante del extracto metanólico y de las fracciones de Desmodium molliculum obtenidas por el método de partición líquido-líquido
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-24) Pizarro Rosas, Paola Michelle; Tigre Palomino, Jessica Marlene; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia
In Ecuador, Desmodium molliculum is known as “infant herb” and stands out for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The literature reports that phenolic compounds (flavonoids) are the main components of the species, therefore it is of interest due to its biological activity, including the afore mentioned antioxidant capacity, which could delay or inhibit cell damage, protecting them. In the present research work, the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract and the fractions obtained by the liquid-liquid partition method were evaluated. The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the techniques: DPPH, FRAP and ABTS, and the content of total polyphenols by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity resulting from the application of the DPPH and FRAP techniques were higher for the fraction defatted with hexane with values of 234.72 ± 5.11 mg Trolox/g dry extract and 348.19 ± 5.42 mg Trolox/ g dry extract respectively, while for ABTS it was the chloroform fraction with a value of 226.07 ± 3.91 mg Trolox/g dry extract. The content of total polyphenols was 146.7 mg AG/g extract (crude extract), 195.07 mg AG/g extract (defatted fraction), 188.22 mg AG/g extract (chloroform fraction), 181.70 mg AG/g extract (aqueous fraction), 112.18 mg AG/g extract (tannin-free fraction) and 108.58 mg AG/g extract (fraction with tannins) with a value of p=2.1391E-09. From these results it is concluded that the content of total polyphenols is higher in the defatted fraction and there is a correlation between it and the antioxidant capacity.
Actualización y generación de documentación parcial de la Norma Técnica ISO 15189:2014 como Sistema de Gestión de Calidad aplicable al Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-25) Ordoñez Mendieta, Gabriela Elizabeth; Jiménez Herráez, Gabriela Noemi
In recent years, Quality Systems have shown that they generate added value to companies, whether production or services. In addition to this, today the demands of control agencies and competition have pushed companies to demonstrate their competence and the degree of confidence they offer in their services. Thus, the present work proposes a Quality System in the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca, through the documentary implementation, review and updating of the following points: control of documents and records, laboratory procedures, maintenance and calibration. of equipment, infrastructure maintenance, purchases and inventory control that are requirements established by ISO 15189:2014, a specific standard for clinical laboratories. The work began with the situational diagnosis to determine the level of adherence and compliance with the ISO 15189:2014 Standard, then the macro-processes were identified to finally raise and update the corresponding documentation. A total of 23 documents were raised and updated, of which 0% were initially met for management requirements and 30% for technical requirements, the latter being used daily in the clinical laboratory. Finally, 100% compliance with the aforementioned documentation was given, which allows the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca; carry out their activities in more controlled work environments, detect errors in a timely manner, eradicate them; Gabriela Elizabeth Ordóñez Mendieta Página 4 and also lead to a future accreditation to demonstrate that the services offered are of quality.
Adherencia farmacológica en pacientes con terapia antihipertensiva atendidos en el Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-02-17) Campoverde Sigüenza, Álvaro Valentín; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
HT is a chronic disease characterized by persistently high blood pressure (greater than 140 / 90mmHg) and is the most important modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the world, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can lead to the death of the patient. For this reason, it is important that these people have adequate knowledge to improve their therapeutic adherence. The objective of this research was to determine the pharmacological adherence in patients with antihypertensive therapy treated at the Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca, the applied methodology corresponded to an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, and for the collection of information it was applied the Morisky Green Levine Test and the Battle Test, to 48 patients with a diagnosis of hypertension who met the inclusion criteria, who are receiving treatment for this disease; and that they were seen on an outpatient basis at the Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca in March 2020. As a result of the present study, regarding the Morisky questionnaire, it was obtained that 50% of the patients responded This test was correct, while the other half proved not to be adherent to pharmacological treatment. Finally, through the Battle questionnaire, 46% of the surveyed patients demonstrated that they did not know about their disease because they answered the questions asked incorrectly, while 54% of the patients answered correctly, and consider themselves compliant.
Aguacate, Persea Gratíssima L., su composición y valor nutritivo
(1963) Klinkicht, Karl; Orellana Solano, José
Aislamiento de micorrizas y evaluación de la germinación simbiótica
(2015) Crespo Santander, Andrea Priscila; Ortega Guaricela, María Belén; Ansaloni, Raffaella
Orchid-fungus interaction is essential in nature for the efficient growth of orchid seeds. In this study two mycorrhizal fungi were tested for symbiotic seed germination of five species of orchids from the Orchid greenhouse the University of Cuenca. Nutritious culture media were used for mycorrhizal fungi isolation and purification. For symbiotic germination, and oat-based nutritious medium was used. The control group of orchids grown in Murashige-Skoog medium seeded with coconut. Mycorrhizal fungi isolates were morphologically determined as Tullasnela sp. and Cerratobasidium sp. Furthermore, the growth efficiency in symbiotic associations of the isolated mycorrhizae fungi with seeds of Epidendrum, Oncidium, Symphyglossum, Cochliodaand Masdevalliaorchids was tested, comparing with a control group.All the seeds evaluated microscopically reached the stage 5 after a minimum period of growth of seven days. These results allowed us to conclude growth by means of mycorrhizae association with the fungus Cerratobasidium sp., and light exposure.
Aislamiento y purificación de hongos micorrícicos asociados a seis especies de orquídeas de la parroquia Molleturo (Azuay) en un piso altitudinal de 1400 a 1800 msnm.
(2017) Bermeo Sangurima, Tania Fernanda; Sarmiento Sarmiento, Jessica Maribel; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena; Ansaloni, Raffaella
In this project the mycorrhizae fungi was isolated and purified in six orchid species. The samples of roots were taken of: Cyrtochilum serratum, Epidendrum secundum, Odontoglossum sp, Oncidium abortivum, Pleurothallis sp and Sobralia bimaculata, in the Molleturo town, Azuay, from altitude of 1400 to 1800 msnm. At the beginning it was selected and identified six orchid species to do this investigation. The roots of the species for the study were sampled and treated to obtain the fungal isolates according to the methodology of Zettler (2011) and Zhu (2008). The isolates realized with two mediums: FIM (Fungi Isolation Medium) and PDA (Patata Dextrosa Agar). After that it was monitored the growth in PDA and so finally purifying the fungal culture possibly mycorrhizal. It got 25 fungal isolates associated to the roots of the Cyrtochilum serratum, Epidendrum secundum, Odontoglossum sp, Oncidium abortivum, Pleurothallis sp and Sobralia bimaculata. The comparison with morphological clues permitted to relate to the isolates with the Tulasnella taxon. The fungal isolates obtained will be used in the second phase of the project “Estudio de la relación simbiótica orquídea-micorriza en la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador”, in which it will employ tools of molecular biology in order to categorize the taxon and specie. Also this project will contribute to the formation of a bank of microorganism; these will use as possible factors to promote the seed germination and propagation of orchids.
Aislamiento y selección de hongos potencialmente micorrízicos en seis especies de orquídeas nativas del cerro Abuga en la provincia del Cañar
(2016) Guamán García, María Vicenta; Ochoa Landy, Laura Gabriela; Ansaloni, Raffaella
The fungi that form symbiotic associations with the roots are called mycorrhizae, play a very important role during their life cycle, both in their nutrition and germination of the seeds. In the present study it was analyzed microscopically and illustrated the characteristics of basidiomas of potentially mycorrhizal fungi of orchids. In order to carry out this work, different root fragments of 6 species of orchids native to Ecuador were collected in the Abuga Hill located in the Bayas,Azogues city parish in the Province of Cañar. From each species 60 root fragments were seeded in FIM medium, giving a total of 360 seeded fragments. 124 viable colonies were isolated in PDA medium, of which 14 colonies presented characteristics similar to the genus Rhizoctonia, the rest of the colonies presented characteristics belonging to pathogenic fungi and saprophytes. The colonies of interest were isolated from Trichocerosantennifer, Elleanthusamethystinoides, Stelissp, Epidendrumchioneum, Pleurothallislinguifera and Epidendrum sp.
Aislamiento y selección de micorrizas con evaluación preliminar de su efecto en la germinación de orquideas en el orquideario de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2015) León Molina, Erika Tatiana; Molina López, Roxana Lucía; Ansaloni, Raffaella
Mycorrhizacan be found in theroots of orchids forming a symbiotic association; hence,moldscan be isolatedbyseeding theroots ofOrchids. In order to accomplish the latter, different fragmentsofroots offorty-oneorchid specieswere planted, andthese multipleplantings wereable to isolateten differentstrainsof molds. As a result, fourof the tenstrainshada positive effect onthe symbioticgermination of someseedsemployed; the effect ofmoldsdidseeds to germinatein a shorter timethan thosenot exposed. Insome of theother strains,pathogenic effectswere observed.
Aislamiento, determinación y frecuencia del estreptococo mutans en caries dentales
(1998) Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Espinosa Alvarado, Fernando Darío; Domínguez B., Norma; Chumi T., Raúl; Calvo Jerves, Susana
Aislamiento, identificación y estudio del poder fermentativo de levaduras presentes en productos fermentados espontáneamente
(1987) Vicuña Flores, Rocío; Villavicencio Peña, Karina; Pauta Merchán, Enmanuel
Albúmina deshidratada. Suplemento nutritivo
(1999) Serpa Macero, Diana Cumandá; Suquisupa Quezada, Olger Pedro; Chérrez Verdugo, Nancy Graciela
Alcoholemia y su importancia médica legal
(1985-11-11) Andrade Molina, Marina; Tenorio de Palacios, María Cayetana; Rosas Castro, Ruth Eugenia
Alimentación, actividad física y percepción de seguridad de padres de familia del barrio en donde habitan niños escolares de 9 a 12 años de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2019-07-31) Culcay Palomeque, José David; Piña Ramírez, Johanna Lizbeth; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
At word level a varied and balanced feeding and the practice of physical activity are important factors for the development and well-being of the population, especially for boys and girls who are of school age. Objective: Evaluate the feeding, the level of physical activity in school children from 9 to 12 years old of a fiscal and particular educational center of the city of Cuenca; and the safety perception that parents have in the neighborhood where they live. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. We worked with 90 children from 9 to 12 years old, were belonging to a public school and a private school of the Cuenca city. The data were collected through of tablets, where there was a compilation of the validated questionnaires in the virtual platform KoboToolBox, to later be analyzed using the system for statistical analysis STATA. Results: Of the 90 children, 67% of the population are not active, of this proportion, more than half belongs to the male gender. Similar results were obtained when comparing between the 2 schools. As for the food habits there was observed that in the public school there is a significant non-compliance with the recommendations for fruit consumption (p <0.05). With respect to the safety perception of the general population, as well as public and private school, on a scale of 1 to 4 for both security and crime as well as for the aesthetics of the neighborhood and road and car safety; they found themselves at a level of 2.
Alteración del perfil tiroideo en pacientes alcohólicos del centro de rehabilitación Comunidad Terapeútica del Austro
(2010) Borja Pesantez, María Antonieta; García Quito, Mayra Rita; Tapia Idrovo, Diana del Rocío; Chérrez Verdugo, Nancy Graciela