Nutrición y Dietética

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Diferencias en calidad nutricional de los alimentos expendidos en los bares de los colegios del grupo control y los del grupo de intervención del programa nutricional ACTIVITAL de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2013) Peralta Cantos, Yadira Natalia; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Rojas Reyes, Rosendo Iván
Introduction: Obesity is a problem with an increasing occurrence in young people and in developing countries. Poor nutrition is a risk factor for obesity and other chronic noncommunicable diseases. Methods: the recipes prepared by the staff of the bars in the control group for two days randomly selected using a kitchen scale to the nearest 1 gram were measured. The average of each bar recipe nutritional content compared with recommendations for snacks. It is further estimated the average energy density of prescriptions per school (kcal/g) and the average weight in grams of fruits and vegetables to compare these parameters with data already available from schools in the intervention group. Results: None of the schools offers healthy food. When comparing the control group with refreshments intervention group no significant differences in the content of fruit were found, but the energy density of the schools in the intervention group was modestly lower than the control group ( P = 0.01). Conclusion: Although the energy density of food was lower in the intervention group , overall not comply with recommendations . New preventive measures are urgently needed to improve the nutritional quality of the bars in the city of Cuenca and reverse the occurrence of overweight, obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases. KEYWORDS : FEED , OVERWEIGHT , OBESITY , Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases , TEENS , NUTRITIONAL QUALITY FOOD , SCHOOLS, RAND STUDY GROUP CONTROL , AND BARS GROUP INTERVENTION , Activital NUTRITIONAL PROGRAM , MACRO AND MICRO , COMPARE , BASIN , ECUADOR .
Hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Manuel Córdova Galarza. 2016
(2017) Alvarado Tinoco, Mónica Valeria; Barros Barros, Adriana Patricia; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
OBJECTIVE: To determine the eating habits and nutritional status of the students of the Manuel Córdova Galarza Educational Unit, in the Baños parish. Cuenca, 2016. METHODOLOGY: This research project was a cross - sectional descriptive study, with a population of 320 students aged 15 to 18 years and a random sample of 170 students. The technique used to assess the nutritional status was weight, height and body mass index. The growth curves for adolescents of the Ministry of Public Health (based on WHO growth patterns) and the Food habits was applied a food survey taking as a model the KIDMED questionnaire. For the data analysis and tabulation, the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013 were used. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 170 students, who were 52% female and 48% male, 75.3% of whom presented normal nutritional status; 10% thinness; 11.2% overweight and 3.5% presented obesity. 87% of adolescents had inadequate eating habits, while only 13% of adolescents showed adequate eating habits. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the students (75.3%) had an adequate nutritional status, however a high percentage of adolescents (87%) had inadequate eating habits. Overweight predominated in females (16%) and obesity was higher in males (4.5%). Likewise, students aged 15 to 16 had a higher percentage of overweight and obesity (68.4% and 31.6%, respectively). Adolescents aged 15 to 16 years and male presented a higher percentage of inadequate eating habits (61.2% and 87.6% respectively)
Influencia del entorno social en la alimentación de los adolescentes del colegio “César Dávila Andrade”, Cuenca diciembre 2018- abril 2019.
(2019-06-26) Carpio Condo, María Belén; Garzón López, María José; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
Background: A sufficient, balanced, complete and adequate diet for a harmonious and integral individual development, as well as the importance of achieving correct eating habits in the adolescent, which is marked by the influence of family, friends, and The different social media communication having a negative or positive impact on them. Objective: Determine the influence of the social environment on the feeding of adolescents at the "César Dávila Andrade" school in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive study conducted in the period of December 2018 - April 2019 at the "César Dávila Andrade" school in the city of Cuenca. A survey was applied to 142 students chosen by the simple random probabilistic method. Results: A prevalence of a normal nutritional status was found in 76.76% of the sample, secondly 16.20% is underweight and 4.93% is overweight. advertising messages do influence 90.14% in adolescents, predominantly in the female gender with 50.70%, and 39.44% in the male gender. Conclusions: The adolescents of the César Dávila Andrade School prevail in the normal nutritional state, therefore, they are in an adequate state of health, according to their nutrition and food.
Prevalencia de anemia en pacientes gestantes adolescentes que acudieron al Centro de Salud Totoracocha de Cuenca en el año 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-18) Pauta Vázquez, Ana Karina; Días Jumbo, Erika Yomaira; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
Background: Anemia among pregnant adolescents represents a public health problem. Iron levels in the blood are related to lifestyle, which includes the type of diet. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescent patients who attended the Totoracocha Health Center in Cuenca in 2022. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The sample was 128 pregnant adolescent patients, calculated with the SPSS software. The data was collected using a pseudonymized database provided by the Health Center, first it was transcribed into a data collection form, then the data was migrated to an Excel table and finally to the SPSS free version software for processing and analysis. Results: The average age was 16.9 years, the nutritional status indicated a total of 57 adolescents (44.5%) with normal weight, 31 (24.2%) with overweight, and 28 (21.9%) with low weight. 42.2% of pregnant adolescents presented anemia according to the hemoglobin level. A significant statistical association was found between hemoglobin level with age (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.001) and nutritional status (p<0.001). The hematocrit level was significantly associated with residence (p=0.001), but no statistical significance was found with the variable age (p= 0.006) or nutritional status (p=0.006). Conclusions: The age, educational level, nutritional status and place of residence of pregnant adolescents significantly influence the presence of anemia, for which it is necessary to increase institutional and educational efforts on this factor.
Relación entre la calidad de la dieta y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes de 15 a 17 años de edad en la Unidad Educativa Santa Isabel, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-28) Domínguez Rodríguez, Jacqueline Marcela; Dota Dota, Lisset Catalina; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Adolescence, a stage of physiological changes and adjustments in lifestyle, diet, and physical activity, can determine health throughout life. Objectives: This study focuses on the relationship between the quality of the diet and the level of physical activity in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years from the Santa Isabel Educational Unit, 2023. Methods: The study included 128 students of both genders, aged between 15 and 17 years. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index questionnaire, while physical activity was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The sample consisted of 45.31% female and 54.69% male students. 62.5% had a diet that needed changes, and 37.5% maintained an unhealthy diet. Regarding physical activity, 50.78% carried out moderate activity, 32.03% had high physical activity and 17.19% had low physical activity. However, according to Spearman's rho, no significant relationship was found (p=0.277 > p=0.05) between diet quality and physical activity. Concluding that the quality of the diet and the level of physical activity do not influence one another, interventions should be carried out focused on improving the quality of the diet of adolescents since it is the main problem found.
Relación entre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de alimentación y la percepción del estado nutricional de los adolescentes en colegios de los cantones de Cuenca y Paute, durante los años 2021-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-03) Asmal Bacuilima, Daniela Fernanda; Villalta Alvear, Blanca Fernanda; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: Adolescence is a stage of changes at the dietary level, consequently, energy and nutritional needs increase. Body image acceptance also plays a fundamental role; therefore, nutritional status will be affected. Objective: To establish the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and eating practices and the perception of nutritional status of adolescents in 4 schools in the cantons of Cuenca and Paute, during the years 2021-2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The population was 600 students from 4 educational institutions between the cantons of Paute and Cuenca. The instruments were a CAP survey and a body image perception pictogram. Results: Regarding the perception of nutritional status, half of the sample perceived themselves as normal weight, followed by 43% between overweight and obesity. The perception of underweight is observed in a lower percentage. Regarding the KAPs, more than half of the sample reported having favorable knowledge and attitudes and adequate feeding practices. The statistical tests applied and the analysis of results, show that the KAPs of adolescents in Paute and Cuenca are not related to the perception of nutritional status. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices and the perception of nutritional status of adolescents from 4 schools in Paute and Cuenca cantons.
Relación entre los niveles de hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de los adolescentes de 10 a 12 años de la Unidad Educativa San Diego de Alcalá de la ciudad de Azogues en el periodo octubre 2024 – marzo 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-10) Rivera Siguencia, Doménica Nicole; Miño Borja, María Daniela
Adolescence is the stage that addresses several physiological changes and increases energy needs, making it essential to have a healthy, balanced and optimal diet for proper growth and development. Eating habits are those in which the individual chooses what foods to eat and these habits acquired during childhood and adolescence will be a primary guide in adulthood. It is important to mention the need to engage in physical activity, since its benefits in adolescence are directly related to good overall health, such as physical, mental health, social, cognitive development, disease prevention and healthy habits. Objective: To relate the levels of eating habits and physical activity of adolescents aged 10 to 12 years of the San Diego de Alcalá Educational Unit in the city of Azogues in the period October 2024+ - March 2025. The study has a quantitative, analytical cross-sectional approach. The instrument was a validated survey. The population that participated in the research consisted of 113 adolescents. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0 program, in which frequencies and percentages are presented. The findings reveal a high nutritional level in adolescent students; however, a significant percentage of adolescents do not practice physical activity despite the efforts made to raise awareness of its preventive benefits. It is concluded that there is no significant correlation between the nutritional status of students and their physical activity.
Semáforo nutricional: percepciones en la compra y consumo de productos procesados y ultra procesados por los adolescentes de un colegio urbano y rural de la Ciudad de Cuenca, 2022 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-10) Paltin Tenezaca, Odalis Nicole; Rojas Bravo, Jennifer Guisela; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
The nutritional traffic light graphic system is a mechanism that improves the understanding of nutrition labeling on processed and ultra-processed products, using colors: red, yellow, and green to classify the fat, sugar, and salt content of these products. This research evaluated the perception of the use of the nutritional traffic light with the purchase and consumption of processed and ultra-processed products by adolescents of urban and rural schools in Cuenca, 2022-2023, through a descriptive qualitative study. Adolescents in urban and rural areas indicated that the nutritional traffic light helps observe the content of processed and ultra-processed products. Both urban and rural adolescents were concerned about some components of the nutritional traffic light and were confused when giving their concepts about processed and ultra-processed products. The participants from the rural area indicated frequent use of this graphic system; however, adolescents from the urban area showed little interest on it. In relation to the influence on the consumption of processed and ultra-processed products, they commented that it has been of great help in improving their eating habits. Therefore, adolescents in rural areas have a higher degree of awareness of the use of nutritional traffic lights compared to those in urban areas
Valoración del estado nutricional en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Paccha. Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-31) Ayavaca Loja, Lisseth Vanessa; Campoverde Orellana, Lady Mayte; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Background: Adolescence is a stage of physiological changes and changes in lifestyle, diet and physical activity, factors that are determinants of variations in nutritional status. Objective: Determine the nutritional status of adolescents who attend the Paccha Educational Unit, period October 2022 - April 2023. Method: A descriptive study was carried out with 167 people. Data was collected and analyzed in SPSS version 21.0. Central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) statistics were used. Data were presented with simple and contingency tables with frequencies and percentages. Results: The early adolescence group predominated (48.5%); a mean age of 13.68 years (± 1.65 years) was observed. Women prevailed with 59.3%. A higher prevalence of people with normal felling (43.1%) was observed; and a mean height of 1.52 m (± 7.8 cm) was obtained. Most people have normal weight (55.7%); a prevalence of 26.3% was identified for overweight and 8.4% for obesity; the mean observed BMI was 21.23 kg/m2 (± 3.18 kg/m2). 62.3% of people performed physical activity. 55.1% of people had a medium level of eating habits. 16.8% of overweight people did not perform physical activity. A considerable number of people (12%) with a high level of eating habits were overweight and obese. Conclusions: High numbers of overweight and obesity are observed, which correspond to the lack of exercise.

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