Tesis de Pregrado

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Análisis de bioseguridad y planteamiento de un plan de mejora en el servicio de alimentación del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues, en el periodo abril – octubre del año 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-09-16) Peralta Morocho, Diana Patricia; Pizarro Yuxi, Katherine Marilú; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been 600 million cases of foodborne illness and 420,000 deaths in 2015 caused by them. The main causes were etiological agents of diarrheal diseases; affecting mainly children under 5 years of age, who represent 30% of the number of deaths. In Ecuador during 2019, food and waterborne diseases reached around 19,500 cases. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Biosafety in the Food Service of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, in the city of Azogues, during the period April - October 2021. METHODS: Direct observation, forms, interviews with informants. The data obtained from the qualitative variables were evaluated with a numerical value depending on each situation, and were presented as tabulated tables and graphs with percentages. A rule of 3 was performed with the maximum score and the score obtained after the analysis to obtain a percentage of compliance. For the information processing, the following will be used: the Microsoft Excel 2017 program for the elaboration of the database and the IBM SPSS Statitics 25 program for the presentation of tables and graphs. RESULTS: After preparing the research work, Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital was found to comply 82% with biosafety standards and good manufacturing practices within the Hospital Food Service throughout the entire food chain.
Cambio en los hábitos alimentarios y en los estilos de vida en adultos jóvenes debido al Covid-19 en la ciudad de Cuenca, 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-12) Saquicela Ulloa, Steven Mateo; Uyaguari Paucar, Nelson Ismael; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Following the outbreak of COVID 19 disease in Wuhan - China in 2019, a worldwide health emergency was declared, recommending isolation and social distancing. Several studies report that eating habits, lifestyles and sleep quality of adults have undergone changes as a result of proposals to contain the spread of the disease. These changes may affect the nutritional status of the population in relation to the presence of overweight or obesity, as well as malnutrition, anemia, etc. In several studies conducted in various countries and even in Ecuador, these changes are mentioned as a result of the pandemic. In view of this problem, the objective of this study was to determine the change in eating habits and lifestyle (physical activity, quality of sleep) due to the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults in the city of Cuenca, 2021. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the "snowball" technique for the selection of the sample, in addition, a survey was applied through the Google Forms platform related to eating habits and lifestyles before and during the pandemic. Based on the procedures carried out, it was possible to obtain as results that young adult in the city of Cuenca modified their eating habits and lifestyle due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Características alimentarias de riesgo nutricional en la adolescencia media en la Unidad Educativa Particular Pasos, Cuenca-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-18) Pauta Maldonado, Juan Sebastián; Granda Zambrano, Josette Mariflor; Benítez Vidal, Mónica Karina
Background: Middle adolescence is characterized as a stage full of psychological changes. Social pressure can have a negative influence creating unhealthy eating habits which can affect the nutritional status of teenagers. The diet at this age is characterized by a high consumption of ultra-processed foods, high in sugars, fats and an insufficient supply of vitamins and minerals. The omission of mealtimes is often used as a strategy to maintain body weight and improve their physical appearance. Objectives: To evaluate the dietary characteristics of nutritional risk in middle adolescence of students of the Pasos Private Educational Unit, Cuenca 2022-2023. Methods: Study with cross-sectional design, descriptive type, non-probabilistic by convenience. The sample is composed of 148 students in total, of which 66 are male and 82 are female. This research was conducted in the Pasos Private Educational Unit, in the urban area of the city of Cuenca, in the province of Azuay. The defined population, was composed of a group of adolescents from 14 to 16 years old from the city of Cuenca, belonging to the Pasos Educational Unit, Cuenca 2022. Results: This research allowed us to know the nutritional characteristics of risk in adolescents from 14 to 16 years old that belong to the Pasos Private Educational Unit.
Estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de adultos diabéticos, pertenecientes a la parroquia de Machángara, Cuenca, Julio – Diciembre del 2022.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-21) Campoverde Pacheco, Joselyn Cristina; Tapia Duchi, Natalia Maribel; Benítez Vidal, Mónica Karina
In Ecuador, according to figures from the Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC), DM was the second cause of death in men and women with 8,333 deaths in 2019. In addition, there was an increase in mortality in Ecuador due to diabetes with 3,500 deaths to 4,693 deaths in 2018. This fact has caused DM to become a frequent pathology in our society and a public health problem. On the other hand, this study focused on evaluating the nutritional status and eating habits of diabetic adults, belonging to the parish of Machángara, Cuenca, June-December, 2022. The research design was analytical with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach.The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed in the IBM SPSS program and Microsoft Excel.The statistical measures that were used were relative frequency of proportion, percentage and Chi square. According to the results, a predominance of women was observed in contrast to men of 73.3% and 26.7%. Also, most of the participants were overweight and obese. The risk cardiovascular disease was high in the female sex with 68.18%.According to the Hg Ac1, there was inadequate metabolic control in 60% of the participants. In addition, none of the participants maintains an optimal diet quality, due to the lack of variability and correct selection in the quality of food.
Estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de los adultos mayores entre 65 a 75 años de edad atendidos en el nivel primario del centro de Salud UNE – Totoracocha. Cuenca 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-15) Andrade Sánchez, Camila Krupskaia; Parra Coronel, Daniela Estefanía; Sánchez Peralta, María Nathalia
Background: Food is a determining factor in the health of older adults; As the years go by, both physiological and social changes appear that emerge in the nutritional status of this age group, therefore, malnutrition in the elderly represents an important public health problem. Objective: To determine the nutritional status and its relationship with the food intake of older adults who attend the UNE Health Center - Totoracocha. Cuenca 2022. Methodology: The study was based on the quantitative approach with a non-probabilistic convenience sampling made up of 100 older adults who attend the UNE - Totoracocha Health Center in the City of Cuenca and who met the characteristics of interest in the research. Results: The study population is characterized by the predominance of the female population with 74% compared to 26% of the male population; in which 39% is located in the age group of 65 to 67 years. The investigative findings indicate the prevalence of 44% of normal nutritional status, however, nutritional diagnoses due to excess (overweight or obesity) are 51% according to the evaluation of the body mass index, on the other hand, it is highlighted that 63% of the population shows poor quality of food, and there is a relationship with their nutritional diagnoses. Conclusions: The nutritional status is directly related to the eating habits of older adults and this may be due to physical, physiological, psychological, cognitive, psychomotor and socio-affective changes typical of aging.
Estudio sobre las percepciones relacionadas con alimentación saludable y prácticas de alimentación de los adultos mayores del cantón Cuenca 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-06-06) Guzmán Flores, Sofía Isabel; Peñafiel Campoverde, Valeria Renata; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Diet is an important determinant of health and has been compromised by physiological, economic, and social changes that occur with aging. General objective: To analyze the perceptions about healthy eating and eating practices of older adults in the Canton of Cuenca. 2021 Methodology: Qualitative phenomenological study, with a "snowball" type sampling. Twenty older adults participated, 10 from rural areas and 10 from urban areas. For the collection of information, an in-depth semi-structured interview was used. Data analysis was performed using the Atlas ti program. Results: The older adults of Cuenca have as a perception of healthy eating a diet based on fruits, vegetables and white meats, free of chemicals for their growth or maturation, with a minimum consumption of saturated fats, sausages, simple carbohydrates, salt and sugar. , to prevent diseases and complications of their comorbidities. It was also possible to find that the perceptions and food practices of each one have similarities typical of the Cuencana culture; however, the different socioeconomic situations, different educational level, different areas of residence, different environments during their adult life and the physiological changes of aging, can cause variations within their perception of healthy eating and the eating practices of each older adult. Conclusion: Eating practices are directly related to the perception of a healthy diet; however, they are influenced by factors such as: residence, customs, traditions, socioeconomic situation, accompaniment and physiological changes typical of aging.
Implementación de un plan de Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional en estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Corazón de María. Biblián, 2022.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-03) Toledo Caguana, Paula Bernarda; Lucas Andrade, María Paula; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: academic performance is directly influenced by the food provided in the school stage, which may affect or benefit intellectual development. It has been found that food education has benefits in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents. Objectives: to implement an education plan for students of the "Corazón de María" Educational Unit in Biblián in the period March - August 2022. Method: quasi-experimental study with 101 students. The data was collected applying the “CAPS” questionnaire. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed; the statistics used were mean and standard deviation; Student's t-test for related samples was also used to compare the results of the first with the second evaluation, and the chi-square test was used to relate the variables age, sex and socioeconomic level with the change in knowledge. Results: the sex of the population is distributed in a similar way, with women being slightly higher (0.5% higher). Most of the population were people between 13 and 14 years old with a typical average SES, of urban residence and with a nuclear family. An increase of +2.85 points was observed in the second evaluation. Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant relationship between the results of knowledge and practices. Conclusions: a food and nutritional education plan was implemented and a statistically significant improvement was evidenced between the first and the second evaluation in the areas of knowledge and practices.
La relación del nivel de inseguridad alimentaria y la calidad de la dieta de los adultos venezolanos residentes de la ciudad de Cuenca de 18 a 60 años 2021-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-09) Gomezcoello Guerrero, Gabriela Belén; Carrillo Alvarado, Dacia Estefanía; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Venezuelan migrants have presented considerable levels of food insecurity (FI) in various studies conducted in Latin American countries. In addition, it has also been shown that their dietary intake is altered. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the level of FI and the quality of the diet of Venezuelan migrants residing in the city of Cuenca, by collecting information through a survey. Methods: This is a qualitative, analytic-cross-sectional study in a population of Venezuelan migrant adults residing in Cuenca. To collect the information, three surveys were used: Validated sociodemographic data survey, the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) and the Healthy Eating Index (IASE), which, according to the data obtained, it was possible to know the level of FI in which the population is found, and the quality of their diet, respectively. And at the same time knowing the relationship that existed between the FI and the quality of the diet in migrant Venezuelans. Results: It was determined that there is no statistically significant relationship between the level of AI and the quality of the diet of the Venezuelan migrants residing in Cuenca who participated in the research (P Pearson's Chi-square value = 0.914 and Cramer's V value = 0.130).
Patrones alimentarios que influyen en el desarrollo de trastornos de conductas alimentarias (TCA) en estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Cuenca, en el periodo junio-noviembre 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-24) Jiménez Arteaga, Angely Estefanía; Cabrera Chulca, Paola Gabriela; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) are complex mental health illnesses that develop due to various social, psychological and other causes. Generally, they affect mainly adolescents, being predominantly female. Objective: The present study aims to determine the risk patterns that influence the development of Eating Disorders (ED) in students of Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Cuenca. Methodology: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in 63 students of Nutrition and Dietetics through non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, the ECA Eating Behavior Survey was used as an instrument, which is composed of 32 questions. Results: 32% of the participants presented risk patterns of developing ED, including patterns such as: desire to weigh less, body dissatisfaction, use of purgative behaviors, among others, no risk was found in the male population. Keywords:
Relación entre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de alimentación y la percepción del estado nutricional de los adolescentes en colegios de los cantones de Cuenca y Paute, durante los años 2021-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-03) Asmal Bacuilima, Daniela Fernanda; Villalta Alvear, Blanca Fernanda; Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina
Background: Adolescence is a stage of changes at the dietary level, consequently, energy and nutritional needs increase. Body image acceptance also plays a fundamental role; therefore, nutritional status will be affected. Objective: To establish the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and eating practices and the perception of nutritional status of adolescents in 4 schools in the cantons of Cuenca and Paute, during the years 2021-2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The population was 600 students from 4 educational institutions between the cantons of Paute and Cuenca. The instruments were a CAP survey and a body image perception pictogram. Results: Regarding the perception of nutritional status, half of the sample perceived themselves as normal weight, followed by 43% between overweight and obesity. The perception of underweight is observed in a lower percentage. Regarding the KAPs, more than half of the sample reported having favorable knowledge and attitudes and adequate feeding practices. The statistical tests applied and the analysis of results, show that the KAPs of adolescents in Paute and Cuenca are not related to the perception of nutritional status. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices and the perception of nutritional status of adolescents from 4 schools in Paute and Cuenca cantons.
Rol de los probióticos en el desarrollo de una microbiota saludable en el tratamiento de la obesidad: revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-26) González Chiriboga, Josselyn Siboney; Tello Zamora, María Laura; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra
Background: Obesity is an ever-increasing public health problem with even more significant conditions like diabetes mellitus, heart diseases. Studies indicate that the alteration of the microbiota plays a fundamental role in obesity therefore use of probiotics should be studied to know the role they have on this disease. Objective: This study intends to perform a systematic review of the scientific evidence of probiotics' progress to a healthy microbiota in the management of obesity. Methodology: A Qualitative systematic review was carry out using scientific databases in PubMed, Scopus, and BVS. The search Yielded 2228 articles 6 of them met the inclusion criteria. Results: Our findings suggest that the first article had considerable benefits in the treatment of abdominal adiposity, while in articles 2, 3, and 4, the favorable effect on weight loss, weight maintenance, and the relationship of probiotics involved in the axis intestine-brain is specified. Lastly, in articles 5 and 6 the relationship between probiotics and obesity in pregnant women only one study has benefits. Meanwhile, the other trial reported no significant effects on both weight and control of gestational diabetes. The two studies differ in the term of the supplementation, as well as the amount of probiotic used. Conclusions: The evidence of dietary counseling and probiotic supplementation has an innovative and significant factor to have in mind in treating obesity because this can control central adiposity.

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