Ingeniería Química-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/292

Browse

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Estudio de la bentonita de Charasol utilizada como aglutinante para arenas de moldeo sintéticas para fundición
(1993-11-11) Cajas González, Mercedes; Coellar Arévalo, Jenny; Vega Cuesta, Manuel Guillermo
Puesta a punto de la planta para electrodepósitos instalada en la escuela de Ingeniería Química
(1999-11-11) Choco Coronel, Pablo Guillermo; Cañizares Barzallo, Pedro Rodrigo; Cordero Jaramillo, Jaime
Preparación del carmín en polvo a partir de la cochinilla procedente del cantón Oña, mediante los métodos de carré y francés
(2005) León Ullauri, Diego Fernando; Ulloa Campoverde, Jaime
Evaluación del uso de arcillas y puzolanas en la etapa de molienda de acabado para la fabricación de Cemento Portland Puzolánico tipo IP
(2012) Delgado Vallejo, Andrés Esteban; Negrete Martínez, César Antonio; Lloret Orellana, Víctor Fernando
Optimización del uso de la harina de quinua (chenopodiumquinoa) como sustituyente parcial de proteína en la elaboración del chorizo ahumado
(2016) Matovelle Carrillo, Diana Carolina; Astudillo Segovia, Servio Rodrigo
This previous job has its objetive to develop smoked sausage with some different percentages of flour of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) like addition to indicate which is the most appropiated count of to let us to increase the protein content without loosing its taste or acceptability of the product. Four types of tests are made which was about of the preparation of smoked sausage with 0, 2, 4, and 6% of flour of quinua, through previous testings in laboratory checking that in dosages since 6%, the properties experience changes.Afterward, some physico - chemical characteristics and organoleptic were determined of each samples to find any alteration that it could have given in smoked sausages. We evaluate which was the better percentage of flour of quinua(Chenopodium quinoa) to make this product through applying surveys and tastings of these products to different people from the career of Chemical Engineering of theUniversity of Cuenca, concluding that the product has more acceptance is containing 2 % quinoa flour.
Síntesis, caracterización y efecto antiinflamatorio de un compósito de nanopartículas de cobre, quitosano y extractos de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) o Carne Humana (Jungia rugosa)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-21) Armijos Romero, Emily Damaris; Caraguay Sarmiento, Patricia Elizabeth; Cruzat Contreras, Christian Américo
The aim of this thesis is to verify the efficiency of copper nanoparticles as enhancers of the anti- inflammatory effect, with the purpose of being used in commonly used medications, ointments, and creams to combat inflammation. To achieve this, chitosan obtained from shrimp exoskeleton was used, employing a chemical method consisting of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation stages. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and capillary viscometry, determining it to be of low molecular weight and with a degree of deacetylation greater than 70%. Copper nanoparticles were obtained using the sol-gel method, starting from two precursors: copper chloride and copper (II) nitrate hemi(pentahydrate), better nanoparticles were obtained from copper chloride, with an average size of 6 nm, characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). For the extracts, two medicinal plants, Matricaria chamomilla and Jungia rugosa, traditionally used to treat inflammations, were used, and the extraction was carried out using the Soxhlet method. Finally, to analyze the anti-inflammatory power, the protein denaturation test was performed using egg albumin. The test was first carried out with the extracts at different concentrations and then with the chitosan composite, nanoparticles, and extracts. The absorbance values obtained allowed calculating the anti-inflammatory percentage of the extracts and composites, corroborating that the composite has a greater anti-inflammatory power than the medicinal plants alone.
Comparación de métodos cromatográficos para el fraccionamiento basado en polaridad de grupos de metabolitos secundarios del extracto de chilca (Baccharis latifolia)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-11-26) Martínez Landeta, Kevin Darío; Zhunio Encalada, Alex Daniel; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena
The study of medicinal plants as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites requires the implementation of separation techniques, which involves challenges in optimizing chromatographic processes. It is evidenced that 25% of medicines come from plant sources, so intensifying the study of plants can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3, which focuses on improving the health and well-being of the population. The "chilca" (Baccharis latifolia), a member of the Asteraceae family, genus Baccharis, possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. This specie was selected to implement a chromatographic separation strategy based on polarity gradients in open and preparative columns. An extract of Baccharis latifolia was obtained by maceration and ultrasound. In preparative chromatography, ethyl acetate and methanol (1:1) were used as the mobile phase and revealed under UV light. In column chromatography, a polarity gradient of Hexane: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol was performed in mixtures of increasing polarity.The efficiency of the separation methods was compared by estimating the total phenol and flavonoid content in the fractions. The Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride assays were miniaturized in 96-well microplates. The antioxidant activity was determined as the DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The results demonstrate the greater efficiency of column chromatography as a separation method based on polarity gradient. The fractions with higher polarity, obtained by column separation, have a high total phenol content. The obtained results suggest that Baccharis latifolia is a promising source of total phenols, which is associated with moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Evaluación de las propiedades antimicrobianas de hidrolatos de urtica dioica y eucalyptus globulus para la desinfección de aguas residuales provenientes de un vermifiltro
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-01) Quinde Quito, Cynthia Ximena; Toledo Medina, Jaira Tatiana; Guanuchi Quito, Alexandra Elizabeth
This study presents a comparative evaluation of the efficacy of hydrosols obtained from Urtica dioica (nettle) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) as a natural and sustainable alternative for the removal of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and amoebae present in domestic wastewater treated through a vermifiltration system. The hydrosols were obtained using the steam distillation extraction method. Six treatments with varying concentrations and contact times were tested, achieving removal efficiencies of 90 % to 100 % for total coliforms, 90 % to 100 % for fecal coliforms, and 85.71 % to 100 % for amoebae. The antimicrobial efficacy of the treatments was attributed to the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids, as supported by the literature review. The most effective treatments were T2, consisting of 70 % aqueous eucalyptus extract with a 3- hour contact time and a cost of USD 0.94; and T4, with 50 % aqueous eucalyptus extract and a 4-hour contact time at a cost of USD 0.91. Both treatments achieved 100 % removal of the target microorganisms, positioning them as the most viable and effective disinfection alternatives for the treatment of domestic wastewater.
Síntesis de nanocompuestos de quitosano incorporando nanopartículas de cobre y extracto de canela mediante gelificación iónica y secado por aspersión
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 2026-02-11) Balladares Pugo, Samantha Estefania; Guachichullca Guambaña, Astrid Carolina; Vanegas Peña, María Eulalia
Fungal diseases caused by pathogens such as Fusarium spp. represent a significant threat to Ecuadorian agriculture, generating economic losses in important crops, where conventional management through fungicides has caused microbial resistance, environmental contamination, and adverse effects on beneficial soil organisms, evidencing the need for sustainable alternatives with antimicrobial efficacy and low environmental impact. This study developed and evaluated chitosan nanocomposites incorporating copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and cinnamaldehyde through ionic gelation and spray drying, where Cu-NPs were synthesized by solvothermal method with ethylene glycol, obtaining particles of 25-80 nm with 36.4 % copper (XRF); on the other hand, cinnamaldehyde was incorporated as a natural extract from Amazonian cinnamon, preparing the composites in three combinations: chitosan/Cu-NPs, chitosan/cinnamaldehyde, and chitosan/cinnamaldehyde/Cu-NPs using both techniques. Characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed microspheres for ionic gelation and porous structures for spray drying, while XRF analysis confirmed effective copper incorporation (3.66-5.61 % gelation; 5930-7710 ppm spray drying); release assays in acidic medium revealed differentiated profiles: ionic gelation (50 % w/w Cu-NPs) with sustained release and spray drying (10 % w/w Cu-NPs) with rapid initial release. Mathematical modeling using Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas identified quasi-Fickian diffusion for ionic gelation (n=0.19-0.30) and anomalous transport for Cu-NPs in spray-dried triple composite (n=0.51), evidencing simultaneous contribution of diffusion and erosion, with coefficients R²>0.90 and CV<10 % validating the reproducibility and applicability of these composites as dual-release biofungicides for sustainable control of agricultural pathogens.
Propuesta de mejora del subproceso de retrabajo y recuperación de llantas verdes y carcasas mediante la integración de AMEF y PHVA
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 2026-02-20) Avila Segovia, Michelle Carolina; Jadán Peralta, Alexandra Patricia; León Jaramillo, Isabel Cristina
Process management plays a fundamental role in the tire manufacturing industry due to its direct influence on operational efficiency, product quality, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The present study aimed to diagnose and analyze the operational risks of the green tire and casing recovery and repair subprocess, leveraging the synergy between Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) cycle for risk management, stemming from an external audit finding related to traceability and document control of the subprocess. The research was conducted using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and included a partial, document-level implementation, with a comparative reassessment of risks based on an estimated RPN. Initially, a diagnosis of the subprocess was conducted, identifying 266 operational risks and calculating the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Subsequently, prioritization was carried out based on established organizational criteria, and improvement actions were proposed to reduce the likelihood of occurrence and strengthen detection controls, projecting an estimated RPN as a comparative reference. The results indicated that approximately 86% of the prioritized risks could be placed at NPR values below 100, as an expected effect of potential improvements in Occurrence and Detection. It was concluded that the integration of FMEA-PDCA constituted a useful methodological strategy for structuring operational risk management and strengthening document control and traceability, without validating operational performance through indicators.
Diseño de un plan de seguridad mediante la identificación y la valoración de riesgos ocupacionales dentro de una empresa de metalmecánica en la ciudad de Cuenca.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 2026-02-26) Dumaguala Cáceres, Edisson Eduardo; Espinoza Hernández, Paulina Rebeca
This document addresses the development and implementation of an industrial safety plan aimed at improving working conditions and reducing risks at Cajas Servicios Industriales. The investigation begins with a thorough analysis of the current safety situation, identifying potential hazards, existing risks, and areas of opportunity through techniques such as audits, inspections, and analysis of previous incidents. Applicable national and international regulations, as well as best practices in industrial safety, will also be reviewed to ensure that the proposed plan is comprehensive and effective. The plan development process included defining clear objectives, evaluating available resources, and actively involving employees and safety managers. Specific procedures were designed for accident prevention, emergency management, and the proper use of personal protective equipment. In addition, training and awareness programs were prepared, emphasizing a safety culture and shared responsibility. For implementation, a continuous monitoring system was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures adopted and make timely adjustments. The methodology employed combines qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, ensuring a comprehensive and participatory approach. Finally, the thesis concludes by highlighting the importance of a preventative culture and ongoing training as key elements for maintaining a safe and healthy work environment, and offers recommendations for updating and continuously improving the industrial safety plan.

Browse

Browsing Ingeniería Química-Pregrado by Issue Date