Browsing by Author "Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela"

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Adherencia farmacológica en pacientes con terapia antihipertensiva atendidos en el Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-02-17) Campoverde Sigüenza, Álvaro Valentín; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
HT is a chronic disease characterized by persistently high blood pressure (greater than 140 / 90mmHg) and is the most important modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the world, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can lead to the death of the patient. For this reason, it is important that these people have adequate knowledge to improve their therapeutic adherence. The objective of this research was to determine the pharmacological adherence in patients with antihypertensive therapy treated at the Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca, the applied methodology corresponded to an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, and for the collection of information it was applied the Morisky Green Levine Test and the Battle Test, to 48 patients with a diagnosis of hypertension who met the inclusion criteria, who are receiving treatment for this disease; and that they were seen on an outpatient basis at the Hospital de la Mujer y el Niño de Patamarca in March 2020. As a result of the present study, regarding the Morisky questionnaire, it was obtained that 50% of the patients responded This test was correct, while the other half proved not to be adherent to pharmacological treatment. Finally, through the Battle questionnaire, 46% of the surveyed patients demonstrated that they did not know about their disease because they answered the questions asked incorrectly, while 54% of the patients answered correctly, and consider themselves compliant.
Análisis del registro de las prescripciones en la ficha médica de régimen de quimioterapia para pacientes ambulatorios del instituto del cáncer Solca-Cuenca
(2011) Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela; Jerves Andrade, Miguel Enrique; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena
Asociación de estrés oxidativo y daño genotóxico en adultos ocupacionalmente expuestos a plaguicidas. Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-26) Betancourt Castillo., Diana Carolina; Paguay Fernández., Karla Fabiola; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela; Rosas Castro, Ruth Eugenia
Occupational exposure to pesticides is one of the most important risk factors for the development of chronic diseases, its genotoxic potential and oxidative stress, being the possible mechanisms linked. The aim of the study was to establish the association between levels of antioxidant enzymes and the frequency of genotoxicity markers in adults occupationally exposed to pesticides. A literary research was carried out by searching for case-control articles, published from 2010 to 2021, in the digital databases of PubMed and Science Direct and the Google Scholar search engine. According to the literature evaluated, it is suggested that chronic exposure to pesticides leads to increased oxidative stress due to high levels of malondialdehyde and altered activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase; in addition to DNA damage revealed by the micronucleus test and comet assay. Some articles described conflicting results between the association of malondialdehyde level and DNA damage, as well as a negative connection with antioxidant enzymes. While the activity of cholinesterase enzymes was inconsistent, it may represent limited significance in occupational practice. The human populations occupationally exposed to pesticides have an increased toxic risk, manifested by an increase in the prevalence of oxidative stress and damage. However, the association between the two biomarkers is still unclear and more studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions and implement their use in epidemiological surveillance.
Asociación de los polimorfismos genéticos de enzimas de la vía del folato y de transportadores de metotrexato con las reacciones adversas en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda del instituto de cáncer Solca Cuenca, Loja y Manabí
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-25) Yauri Calle, Oscar Martín; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Methotrexate (MTX) is a medication that has been used since 1948 for the treatment of various types of childhood and adult neoplasms. The appearance of adverse reactions may be associated with high doses together with chemotherapeutic agents or with the patient's genetics, since the polymorphisms of the enzymes and transporters of the folate pathway would be involved at the pharmacokinetic level of MTX, potentially affecting the bone marrow, hepatotoxicity, mucositis. , nephrotoxicity. The present study links the genetic polymorphisms of enzymes of the folate pathway and methotrexate transporters with the adverse reactions presented by children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the data obtained in the project “Chromosome translocations and genetic polymorphisms of enzymes” were taken. of the folate pathway and methotrexate transporters as possible predictive markers of toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia" which includes patients aged less than or equal to 18 years diagnosed with ALL and treated at the SOLCA Hospital-Loja, Cuenca and Manabí, which are in the consolidation phase, between February 1 and August 31, 2017. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS statistical program, the online program snpstats was used for the association. In the study, a total of 164 patients were evaluated, in which the polymorphisms ABCB1_rs1128504, ABCB1_rs1045643, LEP_rs7799040 and LEPR_rs1137102, CDK9_rs1544106, MTHFR_rs1801133, MTHFR_rs1801131 and CDK9_rs1544 were determined. 106 which do not correlate with the adverse reactions presented by patients treated with high doses of methotrexate.
Asociación del conocimiento sobre hipertensión arterial (HTA) y adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes del club de hipertensos del Centro de Salud No 1 del Distrito Chambo-Riobamba 06D01
(2019-02-08) Córdova Angulo, Mayra Gabriela; Dominguez Criollo, Miryam Jeannette; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Hypertension is a chronic disease characterized by blood pressure figures above 140/90 mmHg. This pathology is considered as a disease or as a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which can lead to death, therefore it is necessary that people who suffer from it have sufficient knowledge about it, since this would improve its therapeutic adherence, for this reason in the present study the degree of relationship between these conditions (knowledge and therapeutic adherence) was determined through a cross-sectional, relational study applied to patients of the hypertensive club of Health Center No 1 of the Chambo-Riobamba District, who have previously received education about their illness from the responsible health personnel. The sample size with which we worked was 85 patients who gave their informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. Talks were given by the researchers in support of the health personnel in charge of the Hypertensive Club, which covered general aspects of the disease and therapeutic adherence, and afterwards the validated questionnaires were applied: CHS (Knowledge about hypertension) and MBG (Martin-Bayarre-Grau). In this research it was obtained that the level of knowledge on HTA that had hypertensive patients mostly was average, followed by a good level and with respect to adherence to treatment most of the patients presented a Total adherence followed by partial adhesion. Adherence to the treatment of hypertensive patients was not associated with their knowledge of hypertension (P = 0,93), which were generally good.
Asociación genotípica y fenotípica del polimorfismo RS8192675 del transportador SIC2A2 con la hemoglobina glicosilada en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la Fundación Donum
(2017-10-24) Arévalo Ramírez, Nohela Betzabeth; Cadmen Ochoa, Noemí Elizabeth; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The current study encompasses a non-experimental cross-sectional study, involving 102 individuals. The aim of the study was to carry out the genotypically and phenotypically association of the rs8192675 polymorphism of the SLC2A2 transporter with the Glycosylated Hemoglobin in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at DONUM Foundation. The value of glycosylated hemoglobin was determined. Moreover, for the detection of polymorphism, Real Time PCR technique was used. The statistical analysis was performed with a confidence level of 95% and p<0.05. The presence of the polymorphism was found in four patients of the researched population and a genotypic and allelic frequency of 4% (n=4 and n=8 respectively). The results claim that there is no statistically significant relationship between the presence of the genetic variant and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Additionally, in the association of the polymorphism with the compensation and decompensation status of patients, it was determined that there is no significant association between both parameters. Finally, the polymorphism did not prove to be a risky or protection factor.
Determinación de frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de los polimorfismos genéticos de MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) y MTHFR 1298A>C (rs1801131) en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda de SOLCA - Loja y SOLCA - Cuenca
(2019-11-09) Murillo Guamán, JohannaAndrea; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most frequent oncopathologies in children, occupying the first place among the five types of cancer with the highest incidence in Ecuador. Objective: To determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the genetic polymorphisms of MTHFR 677C> T (rs1801133) and MTHFR 1298A> C (rs1801131) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from SOLCA - Loja and SOLCA – Cuenca. Methodology: The analysis of two polymorphisms was carried out, this by means of a cross-sectional descriptive study; where 160 pediatric patients were evaluated between men and women diagnosed with ALL from SOLCA - Cuenca and SOLCA - Loja. They participated voluntarily and signed their acceptance through informed consent and consent. The detection of MTHFR 677C> T and 1298A> C polymorphisms was carried out using the real-time PCR technique. The descriptive statistical analysis was developed through the software IBM SPSS (version 22) and the bioinformatic program SNPStats. Results: It was determined that the genotypic frequencies for the SNP MTHFR 677C>T were 25% C/C and 75% C/T with an allelic frequency of 38% for the mutated allele (T). For the SNP MTHFR 1298 A>C a genotypic frequency of 2% A/A, 16% A/C and 82% C/C was found, while its allelic frequency was 90% for the mutated allele (C). No genotypic or allelic association was found with any of the intervening variables (p> 0.05), nor was there a statistically significant correlation of the polymorphisms mentioned and the type of ALL risk.
Determinación de las condiciones de preparación y almacenamiento de mezclas parenterales en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-09) Vélez Velasco, Fanny Eugenia; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Introduction: Nutritional support plays a fundamental role in the treatment and recovery of hospitalized patients, especially those with malnutrition, weakness, chronic diseases or who are recovering from surgeries or aggressive treatments. At Hospital ―Homero Castanier Crespo‖, there is a problem related to the adequate preparation and monitoring of nutritional support, which can negatively affect the nutritional status and clinical evolution of patients
Determinación de los antimicrobianos de mayor resistencia ante las bacterias Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli en infecciones del tracto urinario en la población adulta latinoamericana, mediante una revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-06) Urgilés Calle, Karla Estefanía; Lema Guamán, Carolina Elizabeth; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Antimicrobials are drugs that play a fundamental role due to their capacity to control microbial infections, since they are one of the main causes of death worldwide. The present study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance generated by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in the Latin American adult population with urinary tract infections (UTI), through a literature review based on the Prisma statement. For this purpose, scientific articles were collected from various databases such as; PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo, published in the last 5 years in Spanish, English and Portuguese. Different antibiotics to which Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae presented antimicrobial resistance were identified, including Cephalothin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin. Similarly, on the same basis, the antibiotics to which these uropathogens showed sensitivity were identified, mentioning Amikacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone and Ertapenem. By means of this bibliographic review, it is expected to promote the development of future studies oriented to face microbial resistance with new pharmacological and treatment strategies at local and national level.
Determinación del porcentaje de saturación de la hemoglobina con monóxido de carbono en adultos en las calles Vega Muñoz y Pío Bravo
(2006-11-11) Sánchez Domínguez, Jenny E.; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela; Rosas Castro, Ruth Eugenia
Diseño de un plan piloto para la implementación de la unidad de farmacotecnia para la elaboración de fórmulas magistrales en las áreas de pediatría y neonatología en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso-Cuenca, 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-28) Tamay Guiracocha, María Magdalena; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The magistral formulas have always been essential in modern medical attention, in which they are focused on the specific medical needs of patients. Furthermore, there are regulations and protocols to be used within hospitals of Ecuadorian publichealth care services, however, there are no such services in the whole hospitals around Ecuador. For instance, The “Vicente Corral Moscoso” Hospital does not have the advantage such as the pharmacotechnic area, consequently, the magistral formulas are required to prepare outside from the hospital. Because of this necessity, the current investigation pretends to design an pharmacotechnic area through a pilot plan to develop the magistral formulas for the priority areas including pediatric and neonatology in accordance with the particular requerimentes from this health center. According to aforementioned, in the first place, they were carried out a theorial bibliographic evaluations about the conditions regardeing to the pharmacotechnic and the magistral formulas around the world in order to understand the importance about that. Aditionally, In the second place, and in this sense like a baseline of researches were conducted an initial diagnosis about the magistral formutalion actual in the hospital through of the review patients of medical records who were attended since July 1 to December31, 2020; in like manner, the purchases historical reviews of magistral formulas in the hospital, obteining the frecuency with which were prescibed during this time period and the results were 32,23%, likewise, there were observed that among the prescribed formulas, the one that shows the greatest frequency is the oral liquid calcium carbonate medicine, which was also observed that in the history of purchases of the hospital they upgrade to an amount of 2316 units of magistral formulas, for which it is feasible the implementation of the pharmacotechnics area within the hospital.
Elaboración de manual de reconstitución, conservación y administración de medicamentos parenterales para los servicios de hospitalización del Hospital General “Homero Castanier” de la ciudad de Azogues
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-17) Vasquez Aucancela, Miguel Antonio; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The development of a manual for the processes of reconstitution, conservation and administration of parenteral drugs is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of medical care. The main objective of the study was to develop a manual for the reconstitution, conservation and administration of parenteral drugs for the hospitalization services of the General Hospital "Homero Castanier Crespo" in the city of Azogues. Extensive observations and evaluations were carried out to assess the conditions of reconstitution, conservation and administration of these drugs. This stage provided a clear focus for the development of the manual, which made it possible to identify areas for improvement and challenges associated with existing practices. Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo will benefit from the successful implementation of the manual, as it establishes evidence-based guidelines aligned with national and international standards, serves as a starting point to standardize processes, reduce risks and improve patient safety by specifically addressing the areas of reconstitution, storage and administration. The manual for reconstitution, conservation and administration of parenteral drugs is positioned as an essential instrument for the achievement of safe, consistent and efficient practices in the preparation and administration of parenteral therapies at the Homero Castanier Hospital in Azogues.
Elaboración de un procedimiento para la aplicación de buenas prácticas de almacenamiento y etiquetado seguro de medicamentos en la farmacia institucional del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-12-14) Brito Capa, Josselyn Carolina; Mora Villota, Lisseth Carolina; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The application of Good Storage Practices and correct labeling of medicines by health facilities with pharmacy services is of great importance to guarantee the quality and safety of medicines for patients. The objective of this research is to establish a protocol of Good Storage Practices and safe labeling in the Institutional Pharmacy of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca-Ecuador, throughout the review of the different guides proposed for this purpose by the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. This project consists of carrying out an initial application of a validated Checklist, from which results of 68.50% of initial compliance were obtained and with the intervention and application of the manual designed in this paper, a compliance of 90.41% was achieved, a percentage considered as significant. With the completion of this work, it is hoped that the needs of the institutional pharmacy of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital will be met and that this project will serve as a guide for future graduate work related to the correct application of Good Storage Practices and safe labeling of medicines in Ecuador
Estandarización del método de dilución en caldo para la determinación de susceptibilidad antifúngica in vitro de Trichophyton mentagrophytes y Trichophyton rubrum
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-14) Plaza Trujillo, Priscila Lissete; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela; López Cisneros, Carmen Lucía
The increase in fungal infections and the appearance of new strains with antifungal resistance have made it necessary to develop methods for the determination of antifungal susceptibility, among the dilution is considered as the gold standard method for determination minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), for this reason it is important that this method is carried out in a reliable way since it is the critical point for the choice of an appropriate therapy. The present work proposed to standardize the broth dilution method for the determination of in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum against different antifungals such as fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole. The experimental work aimed at reproducing the antifungal susceptibility method described in the M61 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were provided by the Microbiology Laboratory of the Chemical Sciences Faculty of the University of Cuenca (LMC-FQ). As a result of this experimental work, a methodology for the development of in vitro antifungal assays in the standard working conditions of a research laboratory described in the M61 guide of the CLSI is presented. This technique will allow the development of guidelines for subsequent studies that evaluate the susceptibility of clinical strains to antifungals available for the treatment of dermatophytosis. It is also considered as the basis for further studies focused on the development of new antifungals of natural or synthetic origin.
Estudio de utilización de antibacterianos en las áreas de clínica y cirugía del hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso durante el período 2014 - 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-08) Arichávala Peña, Marcia Viviana; Campoverde Valdez, Guadalupe Rocío; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The present study aims to determine the antibacterial of greater consumption in the Clinical and Surgery Areas of the "Vicente Corral Moscoso" Hospital during the 2014-2018 period. It was developed through a descriptive, longitudinal observational analysis with retrospective information collection, the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used, based on the Anatomo-Chemical-Therapeutic Classification (ACT) in doses defined daily (DDD), as a technical unit of measurement and in the number DDD/100stances – day as a comparison parameter. For the statistical analysis, the Microsoft Office® Excel 2016 program (v16.0) was used. In the Clinic service the most consumed antibacterials during 2014 was ceftriaxone with 12.83DDD/stays-days, 2015 ampicillin + sulbactam with 5.78DDD/100stays-days, 2016 ceftriaxone with 5.80DDD/100stays-days, 2017 ampicillin + sulbactam with 5.63DDD/100stays-days and 2018 clarithromycin with 6.20DDD/stays-days. In the same way, in the department of Surgery it was cefazolin during the entire study period and considering an average use of 10.95100DDD/stay-days. The main use of cephalosporins was as a treatment for a variety of infectious diseases of the respiratory system, urinary tract, skin, soft tissues, joints, heart, etc., but especially in prevention and as prophylactic. This study of antibiotic consumption is very important in the pharmacoepidemiological area, in order to be used by other institutions and provides comparable data with similar entities nationally and internationally.
Evaluación de farmacovigilancia en pacientes adultos ingresados al área de hospitalización y consulta externa de medicina interna del Hospital General III D.E “Tarqui” del cantón Cuenca, durante el periodo enero - mayo de 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-02) Peralta Vásquez, Fernanda Katerine; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Pharmacovigilance is the science that involves several health professionals for the risk-benefit assessment of medications, one of its application methods is intensive hospital pharmacovigilance, the same that facilitates knowledge of the incidence of ADRs and infers about possible risk factors involved. Objective: To evaluate the pharmacovigilance system applied in adult patients admitted to the hospitalization area and internal medicine external consultation of the General Hospital III D.E "Tarqui" of the Cuenca canton, during the period January - May 2022. Methods: A descriptive and observational cross-sectional study was carried out, with an initial statistical analysis of the adverse events reported from the year 2018 to the year 2021, determining the prevalence of the ADRs reported and the suspected causative drugs. Health personnel working in the institution were encouraged to apply the pharmacovigilance system by including informative strategies in their daily work, in order to increase the number of notifications of adverse events, avoiding omission and overcoming under-reporting. existing, activities carried out during the period January - May 2022. Finally, the respective statistical analysis was carried out with the data obtained from this last period of pharmaceutical monitoring, allowing to evaluate the operation of the pharmacovigilance system in the hospital with the benefits provided by the strategies used. Results: The results showed that the most frequent adverse reaction that occurs in the studied population of patients of the Military Hospital of the city of Cuenca is nausea with a percentage of 27.3%. The medication that most frequently produces an adverse event corresponds to tramadol with 33.3%, 12 notifications were obtained during the 5 months that included the follow-up period; in such a way that, at the end of the current year, the number of notifications may be increased up to a value of 3.5 times higher than the total figure reported in 2019.
Evaluación de la adherencia a la terapia farmacológica psiquiátrica en pacientes con trastornos depresivos atendidos en un consultorio privado de la ciudad de Loja-Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-25) Murillo Sotomayor, Kevin Eduardo; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Depressive disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant repercussions on psychosocial functionality and health systems. Suboptimal adherence to antidepressant pharmacological treatment poses a clinical challenge, as it compromises therapeutic efficacy and increases the risk of recurrence and suicide. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate adherence to psychiatric pharmacological therapy in patients with depressive disorders treated in a private clinic in the city of Loja, Ecuador. A quantitative approach was used with a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out using a structured survey and three validated scales: medication adherence, side effects (UKU), and quality of life for depression (QLDS). The statistical analysis performed with the R software included Fisher’s exact tests, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc analysis. The results showed a high prevalence of depression in young women with a higher level of education. Adherence was predominantly moderate, with significantly lower levels in those under 30 years old (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found globally between side effects and the level of adherence (p = 0.00165), as well as social support and psychotherapy positively correlated with better quality of life. It is concluded that it is essential to implement interventions aimed at young people, focused on the comprehensive management of adverse effects to improve therapeutic adherence.
Evaluación del estado microbiológico de la central de mezclas del hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-03-06) Auquilla Quito, María Angélica; García Monrroy, Diana Karina; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The parenteral nutrition is a therapeutic technique widely used to provide nutrients effectively to incapacitated patients receiving their nutrition requirements orally. The preparations that are elaborated in the “Vicente Corral Moscoso “hospital are considered sterile master preparations of medium risk, so it should be developed in an area that meets the right characteristics to reduce the contamination risks and ensure the quality of the preparation. It is also considered that all the staff who make such preparations should be trained to ensure the asepsis and quality of the final product. Objective: assess the microbiological status of the parenteral nutrition, environment and the technique used by staff. Methodology: The analysis was carried out following the indications given by the United States Pharmacopeia, in chapter 797 for sterile preparations. For parenteral nutrition the sample was directly sown in a tube of trypticase soy broth and it was incubated for 24 hours, after this time it was sowed again in blood agar to assess the sterility of the preparations. In the analysis of the environment the method of sedimentation in tripticase soy agar plates was used. To assess the aseptic technique, a simulation of the preparation of a parenteral nutrition was performed. Results: In the control of the parenteral nutrition and the aseptic technique, no growth of any microorganism was obtained, checking their sterility. Microbial contamination by Micrococcus spp. was evidenced in 11,6% of the samples evaluated in environments. The growth of this microorganism does not exceed 1 colony forming unit, which is within the permitted limit for sterile areas.
Evaluación retrospectiva del daño renal en pacientes oncológicos tratados con Carboplatino: análisis de biomarcadores tradicionales como base para el estudio de un panel de biomarcadores urinarios de daño renal subclínico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-07-08) Orellana Orellana, Briana Renata; Yépez Martínez, María Cristina; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Carboplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various neoplasms, has been associated with renal toxicity. Within the framework of an academic collaboration between the University of Cuenca (Ecuador) and the University of Salamanca (Spain), and as part of the doctoral thesis training process of the PhD Program in Pharmacy and Health, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the prevalence of renal impairment in oncology patients treated with carboplatin. To this end, a database was constructed using medical records from 280 patients at the SOLCA-Cuenca Oncology Institute during the period 2020–2024. Renal biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were reviewed, along with demographic, clinical, and comorbidity-related variables. The findings revealed that 5.35% of patients developed possible subclinical renal damage, with a statistically significant association with the administered dose (p-value = 0.003). Additionally, the predictive power of clinical variables and comorbidities in relation to potential renal damage was assessed. It was found that treatment duration and the presence of arterial hypertension exhibited relative importance as predictors of renal function deterioration (with decreases in accuracy of 4.65 and -7.23, respectively, in the Random Forest analysis). These results highlight the importance of individualized dose adjustment, as well as the clinical relevance of concomitant pathologies in oncologic management. Furthermore, the findings establish an epidemiological foundation that will be useful for future research, particularly regarding emerging biomarkers.
Evaluación retrospectiva del daño renal en pacientes oncológicos tratados con cisplatino: análisis de biomarcadores tradicionales como base para el estudio de un panel de biomarcadores urinarios de daño renal subclínico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-07-02) Alulima Sagbaicela, Kerly Soledad; Alvarez Herrera, Sheily Belen; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent and underdiagnosed complication in oncology patients. This retrospective, observational and descriptive study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical renal damage in patients treated with cisplatin at SOLCA Cuenca Hospital between 2020 and 2024, using traditional biomarkers, and to establish an epidemiological basis for future research on urinary biomarkers. We analyzed 281 clinical records of adult patients, evaluating serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urea. Subclinical renal impairment was defined as an increase in creatinine above 0.9 mg/dL in women and 1.2 mg/dL in men. Subclinical renal damage after treatment was found in 11.74% of patients. No statistically significant association was found (p < 0.05; Fisher's exact test) with variables such as dose, duration of treatment, age, sex or body mass index (BMI). Creatinine increased on average from 0.89 to 1.09 mg/dL, and eGFR decreased from 78.14 to 61.01 mL/min/1.73 m²; urea levels remained stable. The results show that traditional biomarkers can detect overt subclinical renal damage, although they have limitations for early detection. Therefore, it is recommended to implement emerging urinary biomarkers such as KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), L-FABP (liver-like fatty acid binding protein), IL-8 (interleukin 8) and urinary transferrin. This study provides a relevant epidemiological basis and highlights the need for prospective research to improve renal monitoring in cancer patients treated with cisplatin.