Cáncer de mama triple negativo: biomarcadores y opciones de tratamiento. Revisión sistemática de la literatura, según las directrices PRISMA

Abstract

Background: A biomarker is a molecule that allows assessing the behavior of cancer in response to treatment. These molecules become relevant in cancers that still lack appropriate treatment. Therefore, it has been implemented in research related to triple-negative breast cancer and its management. TNBC represents 15-20% of all breast cancers, and its progression is uncertain due to the lack of an effective treatment (1). Objective: To synthesize the available scientific evidence on biomarker-based treatment and chemotherapy for patients with TNBC. Method: Observational study, retrospective systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched in EBSCO, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Taylor and Francis. Data were collected in the bibliographic manager Mendeley, and a Data Extraction Matrix was created in Microsoft Excel Ad Hoc to list relevant TNBC data. Article quality was assessed using the Sackett scale, and biases were determined using Robins I and Rob2. Results: Seventeen articles were obtained after screening, of which nine were American. Among the biomarkers, PD-L1 treated with pembrolizumab was identified. The biomarkers included BRCA1/2, HRR, and PIK3CA/AKT/PTEN, with treatment involving taxanes and platinums, demonstrating improvement compared to these treatments. Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that USA published most of the articles included, and, for tumor expressing PD-L1, pembrolizumab is preferable, while for other biomarkers, combining taxanes and platinums proves useful.