Tamizaje temprano del Trastorno del Espectro Autista en niños y niñas de 16 a 30 meses en los Centros de Educación Inicial Municipales, mediante el cuestionario M-CHAT-R/F. Cuenca, 2025 – 2026

Abstract

Background: Neurodevelopment is a continuous, complex process susceptible to various conditions; among these is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which impairs communication and social skills. In Cuenca, Ecuador, there is a paucity of data regarding ASD prevalence, making timely screening essential. This study utilized the M-CHAT-R/F questionnaire, an internationally validated instrument for ASD screening in children aged 16 to 30 months. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder risk among children aged 16 to 30 months attending Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers in Cuenca, through the administration of the M-CHAT-R/F questionnaire. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. A general demographic survey and the MCHAT-R/F were administered to parents or legal guardians. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 software. Results: Eighty children from the Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers (CEIM) in Cuenca were evaluated. The findings revealed an ASD risk prevalence of 1 in 40 children, representing 2,50% of the study population. Conclusions: The results confirm the presence of early clinical indicators of ASD risk in the pediatric population, highlighting the imperative for timely detection and early intervention within the early childhood educational framework.