Frecuencia, perfil clínico y tratamiento correctivo de cardiopatías congénitas en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Periodo 2016 - 2020

Abstract

The global frequency of congenital heart defects is 0,8-1%, representing the most common type of malformation at birth and one of the leading causes of infant mortality. The main clinical classification is determined by the presence or absence of cyanosis. The accompanying symptoms and age of diagnosis will depend on the severity of the defect. As for its treatment, it can be expectant, pharmacological, surgical, transcatheter interventions, or combined. Although it has been a highly studied topic worldwide, no up-to-date research work on the subject has been found in the city of Cuenca.

A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted, which universe was the totality of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease diagnosed in the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in Cuenca 2016 - 2020, 433 met selection criteria. The information was collected from clinical records of the AS400 system and analyzed in the statistical program SPSS Statistics.

A congenital heart defect frequency of 2,54% was obtained. Acyanotics congenital heart disease predominated(94%), being PCA(55,9%), CIV(37,6%), CIA(23,5%) the most frequent, whereas in the group of the cyanotic congenital heart disease (6%), Fallot Tetralogy was the most common (2,31%). Most patients were diagnosed in their first year of life (69,8%). Cardiac murmur was observed in 84,5% of patients, 24.94% of patients had concomitant noncardiac congenital malformations, being Trisomy 21 the most frequent (37,59%). The main therapeutic management was medical/pharmacological (33,9%). The frequency of complications was 20,1%, while the frequency of deaths was 11,1%.