Diagnóstico de pólipos adenomatosos en pruebas de cribado de cáncer colorrectal mediante colonoscopía con técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA) versus colonoscopía estándar, en la población adulta. Revisión sistemática según las directrices PRISMA

Abstract

Antecedents: Colonoscopy with biopsy is the study of choice for colorectal cancer screening. However, there is an error rate of about 22%. Artificial intelligence is a complement that facilitates the professional to find polyps and thus provide a safer and more effective diagnosis. Objective: To synthesize the available scientific evidence on: Diagnosis of adenomatous polyps in colorectal cancer screening tests by colonoscopy with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques versus standard colonoscopy, in adult population. Methods: Observational, retrospective, Systematic Literature Review study based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The international digital databases Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Scielo were used. A Microsoft Excel matrix was created Ad Hoc containing the 16 articles used in the review, eligibility criteria and the evaluation of the quality of evidence with the Grade system were applied, finally descriptive statistics were used to synthesize the information and a narrative synthesis. Results: From 16 articles analyzed, it was evidenced that the adenoma detection rate (ADR) was considered as a quality indicator, in addition to the evaluation of the contrasted sensitivity between colonoscopy with and without AI or AI assistance and second human observer. Conclusions: The application of AI improves the quality of colonoscopy by increasing the adenoma detection rate (ADR), adenoma detection by colonoscopy (APC) and polyp rate (PDR).