Análisis de la presencia de antibióticos y calidad de la leche cruda que se expende en mercados de la ciudad de Azogues

Abstract

This descriptive study evaluated the quality of raw milk sold in the markets of Azogues, Cañar Province, considering the presence of antibiotic residues, physicochemical characteristics (fat, protein, lactose, mineral salts, non-fat solids, total solids, freezing point, and density), and sanitary quality through the somatic cell count (SCC). The study referenced the Organic Law for the Promotion of Milk Production, Marketing, Industrialization, Consumption, and Pricing Regulations, along with the NTE INEN 09:2012 Standard. These regulations specify that high- quality milk must contain at least 3% fat, 2.9% protein, be free of adulterants and antibiotics, and have an SCC below 250,000. A total of 144 samples were collected from two city markets, of which 72 were included in the general statistical analysis. The results indicated that 12.5% of the samples contained antibiotic residues, while only 51.39% met the permissible SCC limits. This highlights deficiencies in handling and hygiene practices during milking in certain cases. The physicochemical parameters, such as fat and protein, largely complied with the established standards, although minor deviations were observed that did not significantly compromise product quality. In conclusion, while most samples met regulatory requirements, the presence of antibiotic residues and elevated SCC levels in some cases underscores the need for stricter controls, enhanced training in handling and hygiene practices, and educational programs to ensure the quality and safety of raw milk intended for human consumption.