Imagenología-Pregrado

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    Prevalencia de Aracnoidocele Selar Identificado por Tomografía Computarizada en Pacientes entre 20-90 Años en Medimagen, 2020 – 2024
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-27) Machuca Machuca, Christian Salvador; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
    Background: Sellar arachnoidocele is a radiological finding characterized by herniation of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, resulting in pituitary flattening and morphological variations detectable by computed tomography (1). Although it is often described as an incidental finding, it may be associations with neurological, visual, and endocrine symptoms (2). Objective: To determine the prevalence of sellar arachnoidocele identified by computed tomography in patients aged 20 to 90 years treated at Medimagen-Cuenca during the period 2020–2024, and to describe its distribution according to age, sex, and degree of involvement. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and quantitative study was conducted. A total of 422 cranial computed tomography imaging reports were reviewed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics based on frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the variables sex, age, and degree of arachnoidocele. Results: Of the 422 reports reviewed, 383 cases presented with sellar arachnoidocele, with a prevalence of 90.7%. Of the cases, 75.5% corresponded to women and 24.5% to men. The highest prevalence was observed in the 60-74- year group (27.2%), followed by the 50-59- year group (23.2%). Regarding the degree of involvement, Grade IV was the most prevalent (59.3%), followed by Grade III at (22.5%), while Grade I showed the lowest proportion at (4.2%). Conclusion: Sellar arachnoidocele showed a prevalence of 90.7% in the studied population. Advanced grades were the most prevalent, highlighting the need to strengthen imaging evaluation and promote local research.
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    Propuesta de modelo de gestión por procesos para el servicio de Imagenología de la Clínica la Paz, Cuenca-Ecuador 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-25) Blandín Rodríguez, Cielo Nicolaya; Montero Ortiz, Vanessa Mercedes; Solano Brito, Pablo José
    Background: Imaging services constitute a fundamental component of diagnostic processes in healthcare institutions, supporting timely and accurate clinical decision-making. However, the absence of formalized management models may lead to deficiencies in the organization and operation of the service. At La Paz Clinic, the increase in demand for imaging studies highlighted the need to strengthen service management through approaches focused on efficiency and quality. Objectives: To develop a process-based management model proposal for the imaging service at La Paz Clinic, in the city of Cuenca, during the year 2025. Methodology: This research followed a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of all personnel working in the imaging service, comprising four staff members. The data collection technique used was a survey administered through a structured questionnaire with closed-ended, dichotomous questions. Conclusions: The situational diagnosis revealed that, although defined roles and internal coordination exist, the service lacks a formal management model. Additionally, peak service hours and limitations in staff availability were identified, affecting service continuity and efficiency. In this context, the proposal of a process-based management model is both relevant and feasible, as it enables comprehensive organization of strategic, operational, and support processes, optimizing available resources and strengthening the quality of the imaging service.
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    PREVALENCIA DE ROTURA MENISCAL DIAGNOSTICADA POR RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA SIMPLE DE RODILLA EN MEDIMAGEN. PERIODO ENERO – DICIEMBRE 2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-24) Pintado Rubio, Michelle Fernanda; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
    Background: Meniscal tears are common knee injuries, especially in active individuals, athletes, and older adults, due to degenerative processes or acute trauma. (1) (2) Knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental diagnostic tool, with high sensitivity and specificity for identifying this pathology, often detected as incidental findings in patients with knee pain. (3) Objective: To determine the prevalence of meniscal tears diagnosed by simple knee MRI at Medimagen. Period January-December 2022. Methods: A descriptive, crosssectional study was conducted, collecting anonymized information from the database of the Medimagen imaging center. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 29.0, employing absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables (sex, affected knee, affected meniscus, type of meniscal tear). The results were presented in tables. Results: A total of 339 radiological reports were analyzed, showing meniscal tears in 243 cases (71.68%). The predominant age range was 41 to 50 years, with 52 reports (21.40%). Males predominated with 128 cases (51.85%). The medial meniscus was the most affected, with 139 cases (57.20%). The most prevalent type of tear was the longitudinal tear, recorded in 93 reports (38.27%). The right knee was the most affected, with 134 cases (55.14%). Conclusions: The prevalence of meniscal tears in the studied population is high, predominating in middle-aged men, with greater involvement of the medial meniscus and the right knee
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    Prevalencia de patrones radiológicos en tomografía computarizada simple de tórax de alta resolución en pacientes de 30 a 80 años que acudieron al Instituto de Diagnóstico por Imagen. Enero 2022-Diciembre 2024
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-11) Fernández López, Alannisse Samantha; Tutillo Carrión, Eduarda Marina; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
    Background: Respiratory diseases represent a significant burden on global public health, as well as in Ecuador, due to high morbidity and mortality, and disability-adjusted life years. In 2024, the Ministry of Public Health reported a significant increase in severe acute respiratory infections, predominantly Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) together with SARS-CoV-2, especially affecting children and older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for precise diagnostic methods for the timely management of these conditions. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been established as a fundamental tool to identify pulmonary radiological patterns, facilitating both the diagnosis and follow-up of interstitial, infectious, and chronic diseases. In Ecuador, although previous studies exist on radiological patterns, there is a lack of updated data, as well as specific information for the adult population treated in specialized centers in Cuenca. (1-4) Objectives: To determine the prevalence of radiological patterns on simple high-resolution thoracic computed tomography in patients aged 30 to 80 years who attended the Diagnostic Imaging Institute during the period January 2022 - December 2024. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on imaging reports of patients between 30 and 80 years of age who underwent HRCT at the Diagnostic Imaging Institute (IDI) during the established period. Results: It was identified that the airtrapping pattern was the most prevalent pattern with 26.93%, followed by bronchiectasis (21.65%) and atelectasis (17.52%). More than half of the patients presented bilateral involvement (77.2%). The prevalence of radiological patterns was significantly higher in the 70- to 80-year-old age group (32.22%). The sex analysis revealed a slight predominance in women (53.23%).
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    Percepción de la satisfacción y calidad de atención de los pacientes en los servicios de rayos X, mamografía, tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética en un centro privado de diagnóstico en la ciudad de Cuenca en el período agosto - octubre 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-03) Maldonado Toledo, Romina Rebeca; Torres Vicuña, Karen Melissa; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
    Background: The evaluation of patient satisfaction and quality of care, through user perception, serves as an indicator that allows for the measurement and assessment of outcomes related to healthcare services provided in different areas of health care (1). Imaging studies are essential for the diagnosis and detection of various pathologies, as these procedures enable the visualization, analysis, confirmation, or exclusion of conditions that affect a patient's health and integrity (2). Objective: To determine patient perception regarding satisfaction and quality of care in the X-ray, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Mammography services of a private diagnostic institution during the period of August to October 2025, in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Method: Quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of all patients who agreed to participate in the study and underwent one or more imaging procedures at a private diagnostic center in the city of Cuenca. The information obtained through the SERVQUAL (Service Quality Model) instrument was tabulated and analyzed according to the study variables. Results: A total of 398 patients were surveyed. The majority of participants were women (63.07%), with a predominance of patients between 19 and 60 years of age (72.29%). The most frequently performed imaging study corresponded to the X-ray service (42.71%). Across the five SERVQUAL dimensions, an average score higher than 4.43 was observed, indicating a high level of satisfaction with the imaging services.
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    Prevalencia de litiasis renal diagnosticada mediante urotomografía simple en pacientes de 30 a 80 años, en Medimagen Cuenca - Ecuador, periodo enero 2023 - enero 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Macas Morocho, Karla Elizabeth; Ramírez Nieto, Roosvel Adrián; Solano Brito, Pablo José
    Background: It is estimated that between 10% and 12% of the population has presented renal lithiasis at some point in their lives, being more predominant in men. (1)(2) The diagnosis of this disease has improved significantly with the use of advanced imaging techniques, with simple computed tomography urography (Uro-CT) being the method of choice due to its high sensitivity and specificity, offering a rapid and precise evaluation of the urinary tract, surpassing traditional methods such as plain radiography, ultrasound, and excretory urography. (3)(4) Objectives: To determine the prevalence of renal lithiasis diagnosed through simple Uro-CT in patients aged 30 to 80 years at Medimagen, Cuenca-Ecuador, period January 2023 - January 2025. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the review of imaging reports of simple Uro-CT studies from the Medimagen diagnostic imaging center. Results: A total of 392 radiological reports were analyzed, showing that the prevalence of renal lithiasis was 41.33%, corresponding to 162 patients, with the highest involvement in the age groups 30-40 years (35.80%) and 41-50 years (24.69%). It was also observed that this condition affects males slightly more (51.23%). The most frequent possible chemical composition among the renal lithiasis diagnoses was uric acid (37.65%), affecting the right kidney more (48.15%), with the distal ureter (32.72%) being the most affected location.
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    Prevalencia de lesiones de menisco diagnosticadas mediante resonancia magnética de rodilla en pacientes de 20 a 60 años en el Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca, Enero 2021-Enero 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-27) Maldonado Cajamarca, Dana Paula; Tepan Matailo, Ana Cristina; Pineda Alvarez, Rosario Elizabeth
    Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized musculoskeletal imaging since its introduction in the 1970s. The knee is one of the most frequently studied joints in the field of imaging. MRI is essential for evaluating meniscal injuries, offering superior image quality and diagnostic accuracy. (1) Objective: To determine the prevalence of meniscal injuries diagnosed by knee MRI in patients aged 20 to 60 years at Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca, from January 2021 to January 2025. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. Knee MRI reports from patients aged 20 to 60 who attended Hospital Universitario del Río between January 2021 and January 2025 were reviewed. Imaging reports with a diagnosis of meniscal injury were included. Incomplete reports and those with pathologies unrelated to the focus of this study were excluded. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of meniscal injuries. Results: Of the 597 imaging reports reviewed, 230 patients (38.5%) presented meniscal injuries, with a higher prevalence in males (28.8%). The most frequent age group was 41-50 years (11.6%). The most common type of meniscal injury was the horizontal tear, representing 39.1%. The medial meniscus was the most frequently affected site (52.6%). The right knee was the most commonly involved, with 57.8% of the cases.
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    Prevalencia de discopatía degenerativa en columna lumbar diagnosticada por resonancia magnética simple en pacientes de 30 a 70 años en Medimagen, Cuenca - Ecuador, periodo enero 2023 - febrero 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-27) Pogo Requenes, Heidi Gabriela; Reinoso Lasso, Angie Doménica; Solano Brito, Pablo José
    Background: Degenerative disc disease is a condition characterized by the progressive wear of one or more intervertebral discs, especially in the lumbar region. (1) These alterations cause a reduction in the intervertebral space, narrowing the openings through which spinal nerves emerge, generating radicular compression. (2) Over time, this condition leads to dehydration and decreased height of the intervertebral discs, as well as changes in their density. (3) Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is the standard method for evaluating degenerative disc disease due to its high sensitivity and specificity. (4) Objective: To identify the prevalence of degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine diagnosed through simple magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 30 to 70 years at Medimagen, Cuenca - Ecuador, during the period January 2023 - February 2025. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were obtained through the review of simple lumbar spine MRI imaging reports performed at Medimagen. Results: Of the total of 873 imaging reports, the prevalence of lumbar degenerative disc disease was 97.3%, with the highest involvement in the age group 30-40 years (28.2%) and a higher percentage in females (49.4%). Among the pathologies associated with degenerative disc disease, the most frequent was disc degeneration (67.4%). Likewise, the lesions involved more than one segment of the lumbar spine (88.3%), and 64.0% of the patients did not present any Modic changes.
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    Prevalencia de esteatosis hepática diagnosticada por ecografía abdominal en pacientes de 20 a 80 años del Centro Radiológico Medimagen, Cuenca, período abril 2024- abril 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-26) Cojitambo Maldonado, Julissa Fabiana; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
    Background: Hepatic steatosis is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. In most cases it is asymptomatic, which hinders its diagnosis in its early stage (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that one in three adults worldwide present this condition, and that 10% of infants are also affected (2). In Latin America, its prevalence reaches 27,45%, while in Ecuador hepatic steatosis is among the ten leading causes of mortality (3) (4). Abdominal ultrasound is the study of choice for the detection of hepatic steatosis due to its sensitivity and specificity (5). Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatic steatosis diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound in patients aged 20 to 80 years at Centro Radiológico Medimagen, Cuenca, during the period April 2024-April 2025. Methods: Descriptive crosssectional study. Data were collected from imaging reports of patients aged 20 to 80 years who attended Centro Radiólogico Medimagen, Cuenca, during the period April 2024-April 2025. A total of 666 imaging reports were obtained. Results: The prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 56.3%, representing 375 of the 666 abdominal ultrasound imaging reports; it was more prevalent in females with a 36.2% and in the 50-59 age range with 13.2%, with a higher presence of grade II (57.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the study population represents 56.3%.
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    Prevalencia de esclerosis ósea de columna lumbar y rodillas diagnosticada mediante rayos X en pacientes de 21-90 años en la Clínica Santa Ana Cuenca-Ecuador periodo Agosto 2022 - Abril 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-26) Calderón Bautista, Angela Eliana; Castro Cárdenas, Madeleine Guadalupe; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
    Background: Degenerative osteoarticular diseases have become one of the maincases of disability worldwide, especially affecting older adults. According to the World-Health Organization, more than 1.7 billion people suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, with osteoarthritis being the most prevalent, accounting for more than 528 million cases. (1) Several studies have reported that bone sclerosis is a common radiological finding in conditions such as osteoarthritis; it is characterized by an increase in bone density in subchondral areas. (2, 3) Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bone sclerosis of the lumbar spine and knees in patients aged 21-90 years, diagnosed through X-rays at Clínica Santa Ana, Cuenca, during the period from August 2022 to April 2025 Methods: This research project is descriptive and cross-sectional. It will include data from imaging reports of patients aged 21-90 years who underwent lumbar spine or knee radiography at Clínica Santa Ana, Cuenca-Ecuador, during the period August 2022-April 2025 Results: This research project will identify the prevalence of patients aged 21-90 years who present bone sclerosis and are diagnosed by X-rays of the lumbar spine and knees during the period August 2022-April 2025.
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    Prevalencia de litiasis renal diagnosticada por urotomografia simple en pacientes de 30 a 80 años en la Clínica Santa Ana – Cuenca enero 2023 – enero 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-25) Quito Vásquez, Paúl Esteban; Sumba González, José Sebastián; Aguilar Riera, Sandra Elizabeth
    Background: Renal lithiasis is a common condition of the urinary tract, characterized by the formation of calculi in the excretory system. Its prevalence has shown a progressive increase worldwide, being an important cause of urological consultation, since early detection is essential to prevent future complications such as infections, severe pain, or even renal failure. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is considered the diagnostic method of choice due to its high sensitivity (95-100%) and specificity (96-98%) for detecting urinary calculi, also allowing assessment of their anatomical location and density. (1) (2) Objective: To determine the prevalence of renal lithiasis diagnosed by non-contrast computed tomography in patients aged 30 to 80 years at Santa Ana Clinic – Cuenca, January 2023 – January 2025. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional cohort study was conducted. Imaging reports of patients aged 30 to 80 years who underwent non-contrast CT at Santa Ana Clinic during the study period were analyzed. Data were collected and stored in the Kobo Toolbox platform using a specifically designed form, and subsequently analyzed with Epi Info version 7.2.7 and Microsoft Excel version 19.0. Results: The prevalence of renal lithiasis was 48.94%, with predominance in males (29.08%). The most affected age group corresponded to 30-40 years. The most frequent anatomical location of the calculi was in the renal calyces (30.43%), and the predominant composition, estimated according to Hounsfield Unit values, corresponded to Struvite/Cystine (44.20%).
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    Frecuencia de lesiones meniscales y ligamentarias en pacientes de 20-70 años diagnosticadas mediante resonancia magnética de rodilla en el Instituto de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Cuenca, periodo enero 2022 - marzo 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-25) Calle Romero, Brígida Viviana; Ortega Patiño, Dayanna Estefania; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
    Background: Meniscal and ligament injuries constitute a frequent global health problem, with a direct impact on patients’ quality of life. Knee magnetic resonance imaging is a highly accurate imaging method for their assessment. Identifying injury frequency strengthens clinical and therapeutic management. Objective: To determine the frequency of meniscal and ligament injuries in patients aged 20-70 years diagnosed by knee magnetic resonance at the Instituto de Diagnostico por Imagen (Institute of Diagnostic Imaging), Cuenca, during the period January 2022 - March 2025. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, descriptive,cross-sectional study based on the analysis of imaging report data provided by the Instituto de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Cuenca. Results: Upon analyzing 1122 imaging reports, 965(86.0)% presented an injury. Of these, 516 (53.47%) were male, with predominance in the age group 31-40 years (26.22%). The most common ligament injury was grade I (46.48%),while grade III predominated in meniscal injuries (53.47%). The most affected structures were the medial meniscus (30.36%) and the anterior cruciate ligament (22.69%). Conclusion: At the Instituto de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Cuenca, imaging reports showed an 86% frequency of injuries, predominantly in men and in the 31-40 year age group. The most frequent injury grades were grade I in ligaments and grade III in menisci. The medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament are the most affected structures, with injuries occurring mainly in the right knee.
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    Prevalencia de lesiones meniscales diagnosticadas mediante resonancia magnética de rodilla en pacientes de 25 a 75 años en el Hospital Monte Sinaí ,Cuenca, Enero 2023 - Enero 2025
    (Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-24) Jara Cajamarca, Lisseth Carolina; Yambay Yuquilema, Blanca Isabel; Lucero Quezada, Cristhian Xavier
    Background: The knee is one of the most complex joints in the body, functioning as both a structural and mechanical support. However, it is vulnerable to injury, with meniscal tears being the most common, affecting 222 per 100,000 individuals worldwide and occurring more frequently in men. (1) These injuries may be traumatic or degenerative, as menisci progressively wear down with aging. They are classified according to the type of tear, extrusion, and degree of degenerative damage, and are localized based on laterality. (2) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the diagnostic technique of choice for evaluating meniscal injuries, as it is a non-invasive procedure free of ionizing radiation. (3) Objective: to determine the prevalence of meniscal injuries diagnosed through knee magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 25 to 75 years at Monte Sinai Hospital, Cuenca, from January 2023 to January 2025. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective research project. It includes data from radiological reports provided by Monte Sinai Hospital, Cuenca. Results: A total of 855 radiological studies were analyzed; 586 (68.5%) showed meniscal injury, of which 343 (40.1%) corresponded to male patients and 243 (28.4%) to female patients. The most predominant age group was 35–44 years, with 164 (19.2%). The most frequently affected knee was the right one, with 311 (53%). Lesions were predominantly located in the lateral meniscus, totaling 249 (42.5%). The most common type of tear was complex tears, with 151 (25.8%), followed by Grade II degenerative changes in 257 (43.9%), and lateral extrusion in 187 (31.91%).
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    Frecuencia de hipertrofia adenoidea en pacientes de 1 a 10 años diagnosticado por radiografía de cavum rinofaríngeo en el hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Azogues enero 2021 - julio 2024
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-16) Pinos Crespo, Jennifer Ivonne; Zhao Morocho, Diana del Rocío; Solano Brito, Pablo José
    Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a pathology characterized by the growth or inflammation of the lymphatic tissues in the upper area of the nasopharynx, causing conditions in the respiratory tract. This disorder mainly children mainly (1). Objective: To determine the frequency of adenoid hypertrophy in patients age 1 to 10 years diagnosed by nasopharyngeal cavity X-ray at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the Azogues city between January 2021 and July 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional method was used, collecting data from the anonymized databased of Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital. Data was entered into SPSS statistical software for analysis. For the qualitative variable sex, the average was used; for the quantitative variable age, the arithmetic mean was used; and for the variable degree of hypertrophy, the percentage was applied. Results were represented through tables and graphs in order to determine the frequency of the pathology based on the selected variables. Results: The frequency of adenoid hypertrophy is 60.44%, representing 272 cases; males were the most affected (56.99%); ages between 7 and 10 years (37.87%); grad I =39.71%; the relation to sex-degree of hypertrophy, males with grade II (22.06%); the relation age-degree of hypertrophy >7 years; grade I= 19.85%. Conclusion: The frequency of adenoid hypertrophy is high at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, representing 60.44% of patients.
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    Prevalencia de discopatía degenerativa en columna lumbar diagnosticada mediante resonancia magnética en pacientes de 25 a 85 años en el Hospital del Río, Cuenca, enero 2022 – junio 2024
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-05) Rea Valdivieso, Ismael Alexander; Román Valarezo, Judy Maylen; Lucero Quezada, Christian Xavier
    Background: Degenerative disc disease is a common condition that has had a significant impact on people’s quality of life, becoming one of the most prevalent causes of medical consultation. Low back pain is the most common symptom; approximately 80% of the population will experience this pain at some point in their lives. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 77%, has established itself as the diagnostic technique of choice as it is non-invasive, radiation-free, and provides high-resolution images for clinical assessment of bone structures, spinal cord, and adjacent soft tissues. (1)(2)(3) General objective: To determine the prevalence of degenerative disc disease diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 25 to 85 years at Hospital del Río in Cuenca, from January 2022 to June 2024. Methodology: Descriptive and cross-sectional. Data was collected from radiological reports of patients aged 25 to 85 years who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine at Hospital del Río from January 2022 to June 2024, totaling 636 radiological reports. Results: Out of 636 lumbar MRI radiological reports, it was determined that 589 patients showed degenerative disc disease (92,6%), being more predominant in males (61,1%), in an age range of 35-44 years (24,4%). The most recurrent lesion was disc protrusion (30,7%) in multiple directions (72,8%), mainly affecting the L4-S1 spinal segments (22,6%).
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    Frecuencia de patología endometrial diagnosticada por histerosonografía en el departamento de Imagenología – Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga IESS, durante el periodo 2022-2023
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-19) Tello Lituma, Jessica Alexandra; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
    Introduction: The endometrium is the mucosal layer lining the uterine cavity. Endometrial pathologies, such as polyps, leiomyomas, hyperplasia, adhesions, and carcinoma, affect women of reproductive and postmenopausal age, manifesting as abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and fertility issues. Objective: To determine the prevalence of endometrial pathology diagnosed by hysterosonography at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga (2022-2023). Methods: A retrospective descriptive study based on data from patients who underwent hysterosonography between 2022 and 2023. The sample consisted of 114 patients. The prevalence and characteristics of selected variables were analyzed. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of endometrial pathology (87%), with endometrial polyps being the most common condition (87%). Most patients sought consultation due to abnormal uterine bleeding (88.6%), were from urban areas (86.6%), and had more than three childbirths (45.6%). The most affected age group was 36 to 45 years (43%). Regarding the characteristics of endometrial pathologies, polyps were predominantly hyperechoic (77.8%), lacked Doppler signal (87.9%), measured between 11 to 20 mm (40.4%), and were mainly located in the uterine body (73.7%), with a lobulated shape in 52.5% of cases. Conclusion: Endometrial pathologies are prevalent, with endometrial polyps being the most common. Abnormal uterine bleeding is the primary reason for consultation. Characteristics such as size, echogenicity, and location are key for differential diagnosis.
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    Cálculo de la barrera de transmisión primaria en el bunker del acelerador lineal para haces de energías de fotones sin filtro aplanador en el Instituto del cáncer SOLCA núcleo de Cuenca enero 2024 - junio 2024
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-27) Bonito Fuentes, María de los Ángeles; Méndez Calle, Jessica Carolina; Erazo Caluqui, Fabián Gonzalo
    Background: Medical linear accelerators can generate flattening filter (FF) and non-flattening filter (FFF) photon beams. Current consensus indicates that FFF beams have lower primary barrier transmission than FF beams. Objective: To determine the primary transmission barrier, B, in the bunker of the linear accelerator H192678 from the Instituto del Cáncer Solca Núcleo de Cuenca, for high- energy photon beams with flattening filter of 06MV and 10 MVand also for high-energy beams without flattening filter of 06 FFF and 10 FFF. Methodology: A descriptive study of primary transmission barriers was conducted by measuring the instantaneous air kerma rate, 𝐾 ̇ 𝑎 . Three barriers were analyzed: upper floor bordering the warehouse (BB), exterior side wall (BE) and dressing room side wall (BV). Results: For 06 MV, the transmissions −7 −8 (BE), and 5.242×10 −9 −8 −8 (BE), and .001×10 −9 −6 (BB), 3.735×10 (BB), 2.305×10 (BB), 7.222×10 −7 −7 (BE), and 5.196×10 (BV). For 06 FFF, the transmissions (BV). For 10 MV, the transmissions (BV). For 10 FFF, the transmissions were 1.506×10 were 9.938×10 were 1.487×10 were 9.929×10 −7 (BB), 5.503×10 −7 −7 (BE), and 3.540×10 (BV). The 𝐵𝐹𝐹𝐹 /𝐵𝐹𝐹 ratios were less than 1 for all barriers and energies except for the BV barrier at 06 MV. The percentage differences between the estimated 𝑇𝑉𝐿𝐹𝐹𝐹 and 𝑇𝑉𝐿𝑒 (NCRP No. 151) were less than 6.3%. Conclusion: It was concluded that the FFF beam modality requires less shielding
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    Prevalencia de fracturas traumáticas de tibia diagnosticadas por radiografía en pacientes mayores a 15 años en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues - Ecuador 2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-24) Cabrera Maita, Diana Gabriela; Torres Coronel, Paola Marisol; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
    Background: Tibia fractures can originate from various circumstances, due to external traumas that occur from direct sources; which originate at the point of contact or indirect sources; they occur in a space far from the origin of the point of contact, producing torsion, compression, etc. (16). It could be considered as a health complication that leads to physical disability which requires adequate treatment. Objective: to determinate the prevalence of traumatic tibial fracture diagnosted by radiography in patients over 15 years of age at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues - Ecuador 2022. Methodology: a retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The same was obtained by sample calculation and is represented by radiographic reports in patients over 15 years of age who underwent leg, knee and ankle x-rays with a diagnosis of tibial fracture, in the Imaging Department of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital. Results: A total of 749 patients were analyzed (reports), and tibial fractures were observed in 217 patients (28,97%). The age range with the highest prevalence was 21 to 25 years (29,49%). The most affected gender was mala with 66,82%. The most frequent cause of tibial fracture was car accident with 59,91%. Conclusion: Tibial fracture is more prevalent in patients aged 21 to 25 years, with the most frequent cause being car accidents.
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    Prevalencia de insuficiencia venosa de miembros inferiores diagnosticada mediante ultrasonido en pacientes mayores a 30 años en la Clínica La Paz, Cuenca, periodo 2021 - 2023
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-24) Llivipuma Ortega, Karla Valeria; Martínez Espinoza, Carla Estefanía; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
    Background: Venous insufficiency is a pathology in which the flow of venous blood is not adequate, making the veins in the lower extremities have trouble sending blood back to the heart (29). One of the main complications is varicose veins, featuring 70% of the cases reported (37). Ultrasound (Doppler) is the gold standard method of the assessment of the peripheral veins using gray scale and color and pulsed Doppler (1). Objective: To determine the prevalence of venous insufficiency of the lower extremities diagnosed by ultrasound in patients over 30 years of age, at La Paz Clinic, Cuenca. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sample size determination indicated an analysis of the all the ultrasound reports in the database of La Paz Clinic, Cuenca. The information was analyzed using the study variables and data obtained were tabulated using IBM SPSS Modeler and Microsoft Excel programs. Results: 516 reports of patients reports were analyzed. Venous insufficiency was evidenced in 196 patients (37.98%). Female were more affected by venous insufficiency (67,35%). Age range with the highest prevalence was 61 to 70 years (29,59%). The predominant ultrasound sig was the presence of varicose veins (44,15%). The most important risk factor was BMI (overweight) (75,00%). Conclusions: Venous insufficiency is more frequent in patients aged 61 to 70 years, and varicose veins are the most prevalent ultrasound sign.
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    Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos en radiografía portátil de tórax en pacientes de neonatología con distrés respiratorio de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo, Cuenca noviembre 2022 - diciembre 2023
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Reyes Berrezueta, Michael Patricio; Gutiérrez Ramírez, Madelen Tamara; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
    Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) encompasses a series of pathological entities that frequently features respiratory symptoms. The main reason for this pathology is the lack of full lung maturity of newborns, which is associated with a deficit in surfactant production, a substance that is present in the alveoli produced by type Il pneumocytes. (1) According to a study conducted at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018, a prevalence of 63% was reported. (9) Objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological findings in portable chest X-rays in neonates with respiratory distress at Pablo Jaramillo Foundation, Cuenca, from November 2022 to December 2023. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study. It comprises the radiological reports of neonates who underwent portable chest X-rays in the neonatology area. Results: The study showed that RDS has a prevalence of 80.4%; it occurred in early gestational age (39%). Males reported 55.3% of incidence; in addition, it occurred in normal weight patients (67.5%). The type of delivery was cesarean section (85.4%), and the radiological finding with the highest prevalence was the fine reticulogranular pattern (46.3%), which was present in both lung fields (91.1%). Conclusions: The most prevalent radiological finding was the fine reticulogranular pattern, and delivery by cesarean section is a condition for presenting RDS.