Imagenología-Pregrado

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Frecuencia de hipertrofia adenoidea en pacientes de 1 a 10 años diagnosticado por radiografía de cavum rinofaríngeo en el hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Azogues enero 2021 - julio 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-16) Pinos Crespo, Jennifer Ivonne; Zhao Morocho, Diana del Rocío; Solano Brito, Pablo José
Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a pathology characterized by the growth or inflammation of the lymphatic tissues in the upper area of the nasopharynx, causing conditions in the respiratory tract. This disorder mainly children mainly (1). Objective: To determine the frequency of adenoid hypertrophy in patients age 1 to 10 years diagnosed by nasopharyngeal cavity X-ray at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the Azogues city between January 2021 and July 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional method was used, collecting data from the anonymized databased of Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital. Data was entered into SPSS statistical software for analysis. For the qualitative variable sex, the average was used; for the quantitative variable age, the arithmetic mean was used; and for the variable degree of hypertrophy, the percentage was applied. Results were represented through tables and graphs in order to determine the frequency of the pathology based on the selected variables. Results: The frequency of adenoid hypertrophy is 60.44%, representing 272 cases; males were the most affected (56.99%); ages between 7 and 10 years (37.87%); grad I =39.71%; the relation to sex-degree of hypertrophy, males with grade II (22.06%); the relation age-degree of hypertrophy >7 years; grade I= 19.85%. Conclusion: The frequency of adenoid hypertrophy is high at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, representing 60.44% of patients.
Prevalencia de discopatía degenerativa en columna lumbar diagnosticada mediante resonancia magnética en pacientes de 25 a 85 años en el Hospital del Río, Cuenca, enero 2022 – junio 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-05) Rea Valdivieso, Ismael Alexander; Román Valarezo, Judy Maylen; Lucero Quezada, Christian Xavier
Background: Degenerative disc disease is a common condition that has had a significant impact on people’s quality of life, becoming one of the most prevalent causes of medical consultation. Low back pain is the most common symptom; approximately 80% of the population will experience this pain at some point in their lives. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 77%, has established itself as the diagnostic technique of choice as it is non-invasive, radiation-free, and provides high-resolution images for clinical assessment of bone structures, spinal cord, and adjacent soft tissues. (1)(2)(3) General objective: To determine the prevalence of degenerative disc disease diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 25 to 85 years at Hospital del Río in Cuenca, from January 2022 to June 2024. Methodology: Descriptive and cross-sectional. Data was collected from radiological reports of patients aged 25 to 85 years who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine at Hospital del Río from January 2022 to June 2024, totaling 636 radiological reports. Results: Out of 636 lumbar MRI radiological reports, it was determined that 589 patients showed degenerative disc disease (92,6%), being more predominant in males (61,1%), in an age range of 35-44 years (24,4%). The most recurrent lesion was disc protrusion (30,7%) in multiple directions (72,8%), mainly affecting the L4-S1 spinal segments (22,6%).
Frecuencia de patología endometrial diagnosticada por histerosonografía en el departamento de Imagenología – Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga IESS, durante el periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-19) Tello Lituma, Jessica Alexandra; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
Introduction: The endometrium is the mucosal layer lining the uterine cavity. Endometrial pathologies, such as polyps, leiomyomas, hyperplasia, adhesions, and carcinoma, affect women of reproductive and postmenopausal age, manifesting as abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and fertility issues. Objective: To determine the prevalence of endometrial pathology diagnosed by hysterosonography at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga (2022-2023). Methods: A retrospective descriptive study based on data from patients who underwent hysterosonography between 2022 and 2023. The sample consisted of 114 patients. The prevalence and characteristics of selected variables were analyzed. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of endometrial pathology (87%), with endometrial polyps being the most common condition (87%). Most patients sought consultation due to abnormal uterine bleeding (88.6%), were from urban areas (86.6%), and had more than three childbirths (45.6%). The most affected age group was 36 to 45 years (43%). Regarding the characteristics of endometrial pathologies, polyps were predominantly hyperechoic (77.8%), lacked Doppler signal (87.9%), measured between 11 to 20 mm (40.4%), and were mainly located in the uterine body (73.7%), with a lobulated shape in 52.5% of cases. Conclusion: Endometrial pathologies are prevalent, with endometrial polyps being the most common. Abnormal uterine bleeding is the primary reason for consultation. Characteristics such as size, echogenicity, and location are key for differential diagnosis.
Cálculo de la barrera de transmisión primaria en el bunker del acelerador lineal para haces de energías de fotones sin filtro aplanador en el Instituto del cáncer SOLCA núcleo de Cuenca enero 2024 - junio 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-27) Bonito Fuentes, María de los Ángeles; Méndez Calle, Jessica Carolina; Erazo Caluqui, Fabián Gonzalo
Background: Medical linear accelerators can generate flattening filter (FF) and non-flattening filter (FFF) photon beams. Current consensus indicates that FFF beams have lower primary barrier transmission than FF beams. Objective: To determine the primary transmission barrier, B, in the bunker of the linear accelerator H192678 from the Instituto del Cáncer Solca Núcleo de Cuenca, for high- energy photon beams with flattening filter of 06MV and 10 MVand also for high-energy beams without flattening filter of 06 FFF and 10 FFF. Methodology: A descriptive study of primary transmission barriers was conducted by measuring the instantaneous air kerma rate, 𝐾 ̇ 𝑎 . Three barriers were analyzed: upper floor bordering the warehouse (BB), exterior side wall (BE) and dressing room side wall (BV). Results: For 06 MV, the transmissions −7 −8 (BE), and 5.242×10 −9 −8 −8 (BE), and .001×10 −9 −6 (BB), 3.735×10 (BB), 2.305×10 (BB), 7.222×10 −7 −7 (BE), and 5.196×10 (BV). For 06 FFF, the transmissions (BV). For 10 MV, the transmissions (BV). For 10 FFF, the transmissions were 1.506×10 were 9.938×10 were 1.487×10 were 9.929×10 −7 (BB), 5.503×10 −7 −7 (BE), and 3.540×10 (BV). The 𝐵𝐹𝐹𝐹 /𝐵𝐹𝐹 ratios were less than 1 for all barriers and energies except for the BV barrier at 06 MV. The percentage differences between the estimated 𝑇𝑉𝐿𝐹𝐹𝐹 and 𝑇𝑉𝐿𝑒 (NCRP No. 151) were less than 6.3%. Conclusion: It was concluded that the FFF beam modality requires less shielding
Prevalencia de fracturas traumáticas de tibia diagnosticadas por radiografía en pacientes mayores a 15 años en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues - Ecuador 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-24) Cabrera Maita, Diana Gabriela; Torres Coronel, Paola Marisol; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
Background: Tibia fractures can originate from various circumstances, due to external traumas that occur from direct sources; which originate at the point of contact or indirect sources; they occur in a space far from the origin of the point of contact, producing torsion, compression, etc. (16). It could be considered as a health complication that leads to physical disability which requires adequate treatment. Objective: to determinate the prevalence of traumatic tibial fracture diagnosted by radiography in patients over 15 years of age at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues - Ecuador 2022. Methodology: a retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The same was obtained by sample calculation and is represented by radiographic reports in patients over 15 years of age who underwent leg, knee and ankle x-rays with a diagnosis of tibial fracture, in the Imaging Department of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital. Results: A total of 749 patients were analyzed (reports), and tibial fractures were observed in 217 patients (28,97%). The age range with the highest prevalence was 21 to 25 years (29,49%). The most affected gender was mala with 66,82%. The most frequent cause of tibial fracture was car accident with 59,91%. Conclusion: Tibial fracture is more prevalent in patients aged 21 to 25 years, with the most frequent cause being car accidents.
Prevalencia de insuficiencia venosa de miembros inferiores diagnosticada mediante ultrasonido en pacientes mayores a 30 años en la Clínica La Paz, Cuenca, periodo 2021 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-24) Llivipuma Ortega, Karla Valeria; Martínez Espinoza, Carla Estefanía; Tigsi Ganzhi, Luis Manuel
Background: Venous insufficiency is a pathology in which the flow of venous blood is not adequate, making the veins in the lower extremities have trouble sending blood back to the heart (29). One of the main complications is varicose veins, featuring 70% of the cases reported (37). Ultrasound (Doppler) is the gold standard method of the assessment of the peripheral veins using gray scale and color and pulsed Doppler (1). Objective: To determine the prevalence of venous insufficiency of the lower extremities diagnosed by ultrasound in patients over 30 years of age, at La Paz Clinic, Cuenca. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sample size determination indicated an analysis of the all the ultrasound reports in the database of La Paz Clinic, Cuenca. The information was analyzed using the study variables and data obtained were tabulated using IBM SPSS Modeler and Microsoft Excel programs. Results: 516 reports of patients reports were analyzed. Venous insufficiency was evidenced in 196 patients (37.98%). Female were more affected by venous insufficiency (67,35%). Age range with the highest prevalence was 61 to 70 years (29,59%). The predominant ultrasound sig was the presence of varicose veins (44,15%). The most important risk factor was BMI (overweight) (75,00%). Conclusions: Venous insufficiency is more frequent in patients aged 61 to 70 years, and varicose veins are the most prevalent ultrasound sign.
Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos en radiografía portátil de tórax en pacientes de neonatología con distrés respiratorio de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo, Cuenca noviembre 2022 - diciembre 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Reyes Berrezueta, Michael Patricio; Gutiérrez Ramírez, Madelen Tamara; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) encompasses a series of pathological entities that frequently features respiratory symptoms. The main reason for this pathology is the lack of full lung maturity of newborns, which is associated with a deficit in surfactant production, a substance that is present in the alveoli produced by type Il pneumocytes. (1) According to a study conducted at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018, a prevalence of 63% was reported. (9) Objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological findings in portable chest X-rays in neonates with respiratory distress at Pablo Jaramillo Foundation, Cuenca, from November 2022 to December 2023. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study. It comprises the radiological reports of neonates who underwent portable chest X-rays in the neonatology area. Results: The study showed that RDS has a prevalence of 80.4%; it occurred in early gestational age (39%). Males reported 55.3% of incidence; in addition, it occurred in normal weight patients (67.5%). The type of delivery was cesarean section (85.4%), and the radiological finding with the highest prevalence was the fine reticulogranular pattern (46.3%), which was present in both lung fields (91.1%). Conclusions: The most prevalent radiological finding was the fine reticulogranular pattern, and delivery by cesarean section is a condition for presenting RDS.
Prevalencia de hallazgos imagenológicos en radiografía anteroposterior y lateral de columna cervical en pacientes de 20 a 85 años. Hospital Monte Sinaí – Cuenca enero 2022 – marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Tenezhañay Herrera, Karina Elizabeth; Muñoz Urgilez, Andrea Nohemy; Lucero Quezada, Christian Xavier
Background: The World Health Organization has confirmed that 222 million have neck pain, which is mostly related to pathologies of the cervical spine. The most frequent imaging findings are: cervical lordosis, which is the loss or decrease in the physiological curvature of the spine. Osteophytes are bony projections that occur on the edges of the vertebrae due to a degenerative process; degenerative disc disease is the progressive wear of intervertebral discs; the decrease in bone density causes the bone to become more fragile and spongier, making it more prone to fractures. (1-5) Objective: To determine the prevalence of imaging findings in anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the cervical spine in patients aged 20 to 85 years at Monte Sinai Hospital, in Cuenca, from January 2022 to March 2024. Methodology: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: Out of 666 AP and lateral radiographic studies of the cervical spine, 655 patients reported imaging findings (98.3%), the pathologies were more common in females (65.5%), in the age range of 40 to 49 years (20.4%). The recurrent imaging finding is loss of cervical lordosis (36.3%); these findings affect more than one vertebral space, and the most frequent is C3-C7. Conclusions: Imaging findings are a lot more common in females in the age group of 40 to 49 years. The cervical region, specifically between C3 and C7 vertebrae, is the most affected, and the most common finding is that of loss of cervical lordosis.
Frecuencia de hallazgos imagenológicos en pacientes de 15 a 55 años que se realizaron tomografía de senos paranasales en la Clínica Santa Ana – Cuenca agosto 2022- marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-07) Castillo Guamán, Santiago David; Merino Ayala, Christian Alexander; Aguilar Riera, Sandra Elizabeth
Background: When evaluating paranasal sinuses, one of the most frequent pathologies detected sinusitis, which is an inflammation of the mucosa in the paranasal sinuses. It can affect one or multiple anatomical areas, which is a condition called pansinusitis. (1,2) Septal deviation is a deformation of the nasal septum which causes total or partial nasal obstruction. Nasal polyps are abnormal growths of benign, painless bands developed in the paranasal sinuses, which cause different respiratory problems (dyspnea), headache, etc. (3,4)(5). Objective: To determine the frequency of imaging findings in patients aged 15 to 55 years who underwent tomo graphy of the paranasal sinuses at Santa Ana Clinic, in Cuenca, from August 2022 to March 2024. Methods: Descriptive research was conducted to collect data from imaging reports of patients who went to Santa Ana Clinic to undergo tomography of the paranasal sinuses from August 2022 to March 2024. Data were processed, tabulated, and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29. Results: The most frequent finding in the study of paranasal sinuses by tomography was a combination of turbinate hypertrophy, sinusitis, and septal deviation (51.4%); the most affected age range was that of 21 to 25 years, out of 42 patients (17.3%); in terms of sex, females accounted for 54.6%, that is, 136 cases, and 113 males, which represents 45.4% of the overall sample.
Prevalencia de fracturas de muñeca en pacientes de 10-80 años, identificadas mediante rayos x en el Hospital Monte Sinaí, Cuenca, marzo 2022-marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-06) Rodríguez Zhapán, Andrés Esteban; Chillogalli Chacha, Diana Julisa; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
Background: Wrist fracture is a common injury in a trauma center; there is a high prevalence in all age groups, and bone injuries seem to have a characteristic pattern that depends on the bone density and age of patients. (1) In Ecuador, in 2021 and 2022, the Ministry of Public Health reported 5,240 cases of wrist fracture in emergency medical services. (11) Objective: To determine the prevalence of wrist fracture in patients aged 10 to 80 years who underwent X-ray scans at Monte Sinai Hospital in Cuenca, from March 2022 to March 2024. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive method was used. Data were collected from radiological reports of patients aged 10 to 80 years who underwent a wrist X-ray scan from March 2022 to March 2024 at Monte Sinai Hospital. Results: Research determined a prevalence of wrist fracture of 34.1% of patients, and there was a male predominance of 62.2%. The most affected age group was that of 10 to 18 years (43.8%). There was a higher frequency of left wrist cases (52.5%). The most common bone fracture was that of the radius (48.4%), and there was a higher percentage of patients with more than one type of fracture trace (30.9%). Conclusion: It was determined that males and the age group 10 to 18 years were the most affected, and that the radius fracture was the most prevalent.
Prevalencia de lesiones focales hepáticas diagnosticadas por tomografía multifásica de abdomen en pacientes de 30 a 80 años en el Instituto de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Cuenca noviembre 2022 - marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-06) Lozada Arias, Johanna Elizabeth; Soliz Zabala, David Santiago; Solano Brito , Pablo José
Background: The liver, a multifunctional organ that is essential for the metabolic regulation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, stores glycogen and produces bile to aid in the digestion of fats. The liver maintains homeostasis by eliminating metabolic waste and taking part in the synthesis of coagulation factors. However, it is susceptible to injuries caused by toxins, infections, and metabolic disorders. Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as an effective tool to detect those injuries, evaluating different phases of contrast media uptake, which facilitates the diagnosis and characterization of each of them. (1) The prevalence of these pathologies vary according to the type of injury and population studied, affecting 20% of people aged 30 to 50 years, mainly females. (2)(3) General objective: To determine the prevalence of focal liver lesions diagnosed by multiphase abdominal CT in patients aged 30 to 80 years at the Institute of Diagnostic Imaging, in Cuenca, from November 2022 to March 2024. Method: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive, study based on radiological reports from the Institute of Diagnostic Imaging. Results: Out of a total of 538 patients, 39.6% reports a type of focal liver lesion, with a higher prevalence in patients over 70 years (34.7%). In addition, these lesions affect a higher percentage of females (57.3%), and the simple cyst is the most frequent lesion (50.2%). The right liver lobe is the anatomical location with the highest number of focal liver lesions. (63.4%).
Prevalencia de patrones radiológicos en radiografía estándar de tórax en pacientes de 40 a 80 años que acudieron a la Clínica la Paz – Cuenca. enero 2021- diciembre 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-05) Mogrovejo Velepucha, Diana Carolina; Hurtado Calle, Paulo Roberto; Solano Brito, Pablo José
Background: Radiological pulmonary patterns are findings described for the first time by Benjamin Felson in the mid-20th century. They facilitate differential diagnosis of pulmonary pathologies, which have a high prevalence worldwide and are of the main causes of deaths per year. (1) (2) (3) Standard chest X-ray is currently still considered one of the first choice techniques in the study of lung diseases. It allows to identify and differentiate these pathologies through the characteristics that each pattern presents, like the increase or decrease in normal lung density. (4) (5) General objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological patterns visualized in standard chest X-ray in patients aged 40 to 80 years at La Paz-Cuenca Clinic from January 2021 to December 2023. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study based on imaging reports of patients aged 40 to 80 years who under went standard chest X-ray at La Paz Clinic from January 2021 to December 2023. Results: This study determined that the prevalence of radiological patterns in standard chest X-ray is that of 55.98%. In regard to sex, these patterns occur in a higher percentage in females (54.2%). Regarding age, the predominant group (41.3%) is that of 71-80 years old. It was also reported that the radiological pattern with the greatest interval is the interstitial one (38.9%). Finally, according to the location of the findings, the bilateral ones predominate (74.1%).
Prevalencia de hallazgos imagenológicos PI-RADS diagnosticados por resonancia magnética simple y contrastada de próstata en pacientes de 40 a 80 años que acudieron al Hospital Monte Sinaí-Cuenca, enero 2022 - enero 2024.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-05) Cabrera Cabrera, Carmen Ximena; Guaraca Castro, Fernando José; Aguilar Riera, Sandra Elizabeth
Background: The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. In adulthood, the prostate undergoes pathophysiological changes, which might lead to some health problems. Benign N° 05754 prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are the most common conditions. (1) Plain and contrast-enhanced prostate magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic imaging method which provides imaging findings using PI-RADS Version 2.1. (2) General objective. To determine the prevalence of PI-RADS imaging findings diagnosed by plain and contrastenhanced prostate magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 40 to 80 years who went to Monte Sinai-Cuenca Hospital. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from plain and contrast-enhanced prostate magnetic resonance imaging reports from January 2022 to January 2024 at Monte Sinai Hospital. Results: This study determined that the most prevalent pathological finding is benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis showed a higher frequency (40,00%). The most prevalent age group is that of 60 to 69 years (43.90 %). PSA values higher than 0.15 ng/ml/cc were found (52.25%). The predominant prostatic area was that of the peripheral zone (56.84%). In regard to other pathological findings, stress bladder showed a higher frequency 41,67%).
Prevalencia de lesiones de arterias coronarias en pacientes de 28 a 90 años que se realizaron cateterismo cardíaco en la Unidad de Hemodinamia del Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca, enero 2021 – marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-04) Macas Cartuche, Daniela Verenice; Nieto Pesantez, Marena Sophia; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
Background: Coronary artery lesions or ischemic heart disease occurs when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The most common cause of this pathology is atherosclerosis, which is defined as the buildup calcium, cholesterol, and other substances in the vessel walls. (1) (2) Cardiac catheterization studies the permeability of coronary arteries and identifies lesions according to the location, extent, and the degree of clinical involvement. In addition, its approach can be changed from diagnostic to therapeutic in the same intervention. It shows a sensitivity of 43.5% with a specificity of 100%. (3) (4) Objectives: To determine the prevalence of coronary artery lesions in patients aged 28 to 90 years who underwent cardiac catheterization at the hemodynamics unit of Hospital Universitario del Rio in Cuenca, from January 2021 to March 2024. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: 274 reports were analyzed and it was determined that 161 (58.8%) patients had coronary artery lesions. Males showed a higher prevalence of 72.7%, compared to females. The aged group with the highest prevalence was that of 60 to 69 years (34.8%). Furthermore, 45.3% of the patients reported lesions in more than one coronary artery; regarding the number of affected vessels, it was found that in 54.7% of the patients the lesions occurred in only one vessel. Radial access route was the most used in 67.1% of patients; the remaining 32.9% used femoral access.
Frecuencia de enfermedad diverticular colónica en pacientes de 30 a 95 años diagnosticados mediante tomografía multifásica abdominal en Medimagen Cuenca, período enero 2020 - diciembre 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-04) Astudillo Cabrera , María José; Beltrán Tola, Mateo Xavier; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder in the colon, defined as pouches of the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layer. This pathology has a high incidence worldwide. Multiphase abdominal CT is the imaging method for the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the disease. (1) Objective: To determine the frequency of colonic diverticular disease in patients aged 30 to 95 years diagnosed by multiphase abdominal CT at Medimagen, from January 2020 to December 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. It features data from radiological reports provided by Medimagen center, in Cuenca. Results: 2,781 radiological studies were analyzed; 352 (12.66%) reported colonic diverticular disease, of which 208 (59.09%) were female. The predominant age is 74 to 84 years (28.69%). The number of areas most affected by the disease is 2 (61.93%), of which diverticulosis stands out, reporting 325 cases (92.33%). Conclusion: According to Medimagen center reports, the frequency of colonic diverticular disease is 12.66%, in which diverticulosis is higher than diverticulitis. The latter is particularly found in females. The most frequent location is the descending colon and the sigmoid colon (59.66%), and in terms of age range, its highest frequency is in patients aged 74 to 84 years.
Prevalencia de vértebra transicional lumbosacra en radiografía anteroposterior y lateral de columna lumbar en pacientes de 15 a 70 años en Medimagen - Cuenca, 2019 – 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-22) Cabrera Cabrera, Roberto Carlos; León Rodas, Felipe Andrés; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
Background: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) is a rare congenital peculiarity, which comprises sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) or lumbarized first sacral vertebra (S1). Anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine is one of the first diagnostic methods (1). Objective: To determine the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra diagnosed by anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine in Medimagen patients aged 15 to 70 years old in Cuenca. Methodology: Quantitative, featuring a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. The sample comprises all the radiological reports of patients who required an anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine and were diagnosed with lumbosacral transitional vertebra at Medimagen-Cuenca Diagnostic Imaging Center. The information extracted was analyzed according to the study variables. Data was tabulated and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2018. Results: 1,435 reports were analyzed, 216 (15.05%) indicated VTLS, of which 127 (58.8%) were male; the largest type was Castellvi II, with 78 (36.11%) reports; the predominant subtype was Castellvi IIa, with 63 reports (29.17%); age range 37 to 47 years showed a greater prevalence, with 58 (26.85%) reports. Conclusions: LSTV is present in men mainly, and Castellvi type Il and subtype Ila are the most prevalent in the age range 37 to 47 years.
Prevalencia de lesiones óseas metastásicas diagnosticadas mediante gammagrafía MDP en pacientes con cáncer de próstata en el Instituto del Cáncer Solca, Cuenca 2020 - 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-30) Cela Iñiguez, Bernarda Lizbeth; León Bueno, Wilson Esteban
Background: Bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer result from tumor dissemination that has spread to the bone from its original location. (1) Bone scintigraphy is often the diagnostic imaging technique when bone metastases are suspected because it is a functional test that allows to assess the appearance of bone metabolism. (2) Objective: To determine the prevalence of metastatic bone lesions diagnosed by MDP Scintigraphy in patients with prostate cancer at SOLCA Cancer Institute, Cuenca 2020-2021. Methodology: The study was descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional. The database provided by SOLCA Cancer Institute, Cuenca, was analyzed by applying study variables through data collection forms and digital processing using IBM SPSS v26. Results: 268 medical records of patients with prostate cancer were analyzed; metastatic bone lesions were found in 91 patients (34%). The age range with the highest prevalence was 73-83 years (47.3%); the most frequent number of injuries was higher than 7 (42.9%): the spine was the most common location of involvement (21.6%). The total prostate-specific antigen (PSAt) level was >20 ng/mL in 69 patients (75.8%) and the most frequent Gleason score was 8-10 (81.3%). Conclusions: Metastatic bone lesions are more frequent in patients in the age range of 73-83 years. According to the number of lesions, the existence of more than 7 is more frequent and the most affected location is the spine.
Frecuencia de calcificaciones en arterias coronarias identificadas incidentalmente en tomografía de tórax en pacientes entre 45-90 años, en Medimagen, 2019 – 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Salinas Apolo, Stiwar Daniel; Enríquez Ordoñez, Viviana Adelaida; Astudillo Reyes, Adriana Estefanía
Background: Vascular calcification is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality. Cardiac calcifications usually secondary to a degenerative process are a frequent incidental finding in tomography, which offers relevant information to establish an adequate medical or surgical treatment. Purpose: To determine the frequency of coronary artery calcifications incidentally identified on chest CT in patients aged 45-90 years, in Medimagen, 2019-2022. Methodology: We will proceed to the analysis and tabulation of data by means of a retrospective descriptive method, cross-sectional, in which information will be collected from all patients who underwent a simple tomographic study of the thorax in the established period in the Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagen Medimagen, the same will be exposed with descriptive statistics. Use of results: This study will determine the prevalence of patients with coronary artery calcifications identified incidentally by simple chest tomography in the established age range and who were seen at the Medimaging Diagnostic Imaging Center. Conclusion: It was concluded that the frequency of calcifications in coronary arteries diagnosed incidentally by simple chest tomography mainly affects males between 56 and 60 years of age, with a more frequent morphological location in the anterior descending artery, showing similar results to other studies
Prevalencia de lesiones del manguito de los rotadores diagnosticado por resonancia magnética en el Departamento de Imagenología del Hospital Monte Sinaí, en el periodo enero 2021 – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-27) Chica Navarrete, Cristian Paúl; Gutierrez Luzuriaga, Gissella Elizabeth; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Rotator cuff (RC) injuries result from the tearing of one or more tendons. It is a structure comprising four muscles and tendons attached to the shoulder joint. They often become irritated, torn, or worn out. Injuries are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation of the shoulder. Objective: To determine the prevalence of RC injuries diagnosed by magnetic resonance at the imaging department of the Monte Sinaí Hospital in the city of Cuenca, from January 2021 to June 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and crosssectional study. Universe made up of all patients from 21 to 80 years of age who underwent a shoulder MRI. The sample comprised all patients diagnosed with RC lesions, observing inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 520 patients studied, 504 (96,92%) reported RC injuries. Based on this analysis, a higher prevalence was found in patients aged 61-70 years (25,40%), while, based on sex, there was a higher prevalence in males, featuring 275 cases (54,56%). Likewise, the type of injury with the highest prevalence was that of category “More than one injury” with 433 (85,91%). Conclusion: The results obtained show similarity in regard to some studies, while others differ from published results of previous research. MRI is the most effective study to diagnose RC injuries (99% sensitivity and specificity).
Prevalencia de displasia de cadera diagnosticada por radiografía anteroposterior de pelvis en niños de 3 a 18 meses de edad, en la Clínica La Paz, Cuenca – Ecuador. Periodo enero 2020 – enero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-15) Castro Molina, Carlos Miguel; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a pathology in the hip joint which affects the femoral head-acetabulum-soft tissue relationship. It can cause alterations such as dislocation, subluxation, or dysplasia (1). According to statistics reported in Cuenca, from May to October 2019, out of 457 patients who underwent anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis with suspicion of hip dysplasia, 27.13% tested positive (2). Objective: To determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia diagnosed by anteroposterior radiography of the pelvis in children from 3 to 18 months of age, at La Paz clinic, in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2020 to January 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. The sample was the radiological reports of patients aged 3-18 months old who underwent anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis and were diagnosed with DDH at the imaging department of La Paz clinic. Data tabulated and analyzed according to the study variables. Results: This study determined that the prevalence of DDH is 30.7%. The most common age was 3-7 months (90.6%); 77.3% of them were females. The pathology was bilateral in 73.4% of the patients. Shenton´s arc was continuous in the right hip (93.7%) and the left hip (86.7%). The ossification center was inner-lower in the right hip (59.4%) and left hip (57.8%). Conclusions: It is concluded that this that this pathology mainly affects females aged 3-7 months old, bilaterally.