Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Tesis Maestrías

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/110

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 368

RELACIÓN ENTRE TIPO DE APEGO Y SATISFACCIÓN SEXUAL EN USUARIOS DE CETADS DEL AZUAY. 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-08-20) Carrión Cabrera, Verónica Cecilia; Corella Verdugo, Nadia Mireya
Background: Early attachment bonds shape adult relationship patterns and the experience of sexuality. In populations with problematic substance use, insecure attachment styles often predominate, affecting intimacy and relational satisfaction. In Ecuador, there is limited evidence integrating these variables within specialized treatment centers. Objective: Analyze the relationship between attachment type and sexual satisfaction among users of CETADs in the province of Azuay. Method: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study. A population census was conducted with 237 users from nine CETADs. The ECR-R instrument was used to evaluate attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance), and the NSSS scale measured sexual satisfaction. Statistical analysis utilized Chi-square tests and Odds Ratio calculations. Results: 32.9% of the sample presented secure attachment, while 67.1% showed insecure styles, with fearful attachment being the most prevalent (29.5%). A statistically significant relationship was found between attachment and sexual satisfaction (p=0.006). Paradoxically, 59% of those with secure attachment reported low sexual satisfaction, while 59.7% with insecure attachment reported high satisfaction. Conclusion: Attachment style significantly influences sexual satisfaction in this population. Therapeutic programs should integrate affective and sexual dimensions to enhance rehabilitation and prevent relapses.
Prevalencia de erotofilia-erotofobia y factores asociados en estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-08-17) Morocho Lozano, María Mercedes; Morocho Malla, Manuel Ismael
Background: Sexual health is a fundamental component of overall well-being, and scientific evidence has shown that attitudes toward sexuality—expressed as erotophilia and erotophobia—significantly influence sexual behavior and quality of life. However, within the Ecuadorian university context, knowledge about these phenomena remains limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of erotophilia–erotophobia and the associated factors among medical students at the University of Cuenca during the year 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample of 279 students who participated voluntarily after providing informed consent. Validated instruments were applied to measure sexual attitudes, along with a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Most participants were between 21 and 25 years old (50%), were women (62%), and identified as heterosexual (92%). The results showed a predominance of ambivalent attitudes (43.37%), followed by erotophilia (29.75%) and erotophobia (26.88%). Bivariate.
BARRERAS Y DESAFÍOS EN LA VIVENCIA DE LA SEXUALIDAD EN PERSONAS CON SÍNDROME DE DOWN CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL LEVE, CUENCA, 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-07-23) Morales Ávila, Elizabeth Janeth; Jiménez Brito, Doriz Angélica
Background: Individuals with Down syndrome experience life events that affect their overall development, such as: lack of information about sexuality, difficulties interpreting sexual stimuli, socializing and making decisions, and social stereotypes that lead to discrimination based on gender and disability. Objective: To understand the barriers and challenges to experiencing sexuality faced by individuals with Down syndrome and mild intellectual disability. Method: A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was adopted, aimed at interpreting meanings, experiences, and social realities in natural contexts. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data collection technique. The sample was non-probabilistic, intentionally selected, and completed using snowball sampling, with the participation of individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome. Egocentric networks were favored, in which the initial participants (nodes) acted as starting points for connecting with other members of their close environment. The categories of analysis included: Perception and construction of sexuality, barriers and challenges in the personal, family, and social spheres. The collected data were coded and analyzed using Atlas.ti software. Results: Knowledge was generated about the sexuality understanding of young people with Down syndrome and mild intellectual disability, to be shared with their families, educators, and healthcare professionals in sexuality education, training, and guidance.
PREVALENCIA DE LAS ALTERACIONES CROMATICAS EXTRINSECAS EN PIEZAS DENTARIAS Y SUS FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA. 2017
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-06-24) Palacios Astudillo, Iván Andrés; Lafebre Carrasco, Milton Fabricio
Objective: Determine the prevalence of extrinsic chromatic alterations in tooth and their associated factors. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out on 545 students from the University of Cuenca who were selected for a sample of convenience, for which the survey was used by means of a form that was validated in a pilot test. The data were taken in class time of each faculty; the chromatic alterations were diagnosed by means of a spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade 4, and the independent variables by means of a survey. The data were analyzed by determining the frequencies and then associated with the dependent variable, using a chi-square test with 95% confidence. Results: 27.3% of students presented extrinsic chromatic alterations, which showed to be associated factors: presence of bacterial plaque (p <0.001); orthodontic appliances (p = 0.001) and dental caries (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Extrinsic chromatic alterations have a statistically significant association with bacterial plaque, dental calculus, caries, restorations, orthodontic appliances and fixed and removable prosthodontics.
PERCEPCIONES DE LAS PARTICULARIDADES BIOÉTICAS DEL CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO PERICIAL VERSUS CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO EN LA PRÁCTICA ASISTENCIAL MEDIANTE EL JUICIO DE EXPERTOS. CUENCA 2022 – 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-23) Serpa Galarza, Doris Ivanova; Aguirre Ponce, Silvia Marcela
Informed consent has been reduced to a procedural requirement in healthcare, without ensuring bidirectional communication between the healthcare professional and the patient or victim in forensic cases. Bioethical principles guarantee respect and legal compliance with duties and rights; therefore, within the framework of human rights, it is essential to highlight the deficiencies in the informed consent forms used both in healthcare services and forensic contexts, so that they reflect the bioethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy. The objective was to describe the bioethical particularities of forensic informed consent versus informed consent in clinical practice, from the perspective of expert judgment. The qualitative, phenomenological study, conducted using the modified Delphi method, with the application of self-designed semi-structured interviews previously validated by experts in the field of informed consent and bioethics, selected by convenience according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, using the Atlas.Ti tabulation program; concurred on the need to reassess the currently used forms, placing greater emphasis on those used in the forensic field, analyzing them as well as reflecting on them in order to incorporate a framework of sensitivity and support for victims and healthcare personnel involved, highlighting the bioethical principles that improve professional–victim human interaction, which is currently managed in an imposed and top-down manner through a court order.
Factores asociados al inicio de vida sexual en adolescentes tardíos de la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, sede Azogues, 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-12-03) Sacoto Luna, Karina Monserrath; Borja Robalino, Brigith Vanessa
Background: the beginning of sexual activity in late adolescence, especially during university years, can have consequences that go beyond unplanned pregnancies. There are also risks associated with the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, as well as impacts on life plans and the possibility of abandoning college education opportunities.Objective: identify the factors associated with the beginning of sexual life in late adolescents from the Academic Unit of the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, 2024.Methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. 371 students who met the inclusion criteria participated. Descriptive statistics were applied, in the association analysis the Chi square test was used, reporting prevalence ratio and confidence interval, if the p value is less than 0.05 it was considered statistical significance. Results: the prevalence of the beginning of sexual life was 74.4%, 92.4% had their first sexual contact between 15 and 19 years of age, 48.9% had between 2 to 5 partners and 43.1% only one. The most used contraceptive method was the condom in 68.8% of cases, 12.7% indicated that they had previous pregnancies. Alcohol consumption (PR: 12.1; 95% CI 5.10-28.59; p: 0.001) and being male (PR: 2.13; 95% CI 1.26-3.62; p: 0.004), the older age of the couple and the dating relationship showed a statistical association. Conclusions: a high prevalence of early onset of active sexual life was found in university students, and it was associated with alcohol consumption and being male, the older age of the couple and the dating relationship
Percepciones sobre la satisfacción sexual en mujeres en edad fértil del Centro de Salud Loreto, Provincia de Orellana, 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-03) Enríquez Ureña, Patricia María; Jiménez Brito, Doriz Angélica
Sexual satisfaction is a central aspect of being human throughout life, identity, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure and intimacy are important aspects in the life of every person, especially in women because they face new events. The understanding of female sexual satisfaction has evolved considerably with respect to traditional and biologically determined models of human sexuality. The objective of the research was to identify the perceptions about sexual satisfaction of women of childbearing age who attend the Loreto Health Center, Orellana Province, 2024. This study had a qualitative - phenomenological approach, the sample was made up of 10 women who met the inclusion criteria. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured script based on pre-established categories. The data were obtained through the ATLAS Ti software. Among the main results, the idea stands out that to initiate sexual encounters, displays of affection, foreplay, touch, approach, even previous conversations are considered important. It was determined that, in adulthood, over 60 years of age, there may be a decrease in sexual activity. Likewise, the results showed that linguistic resources such as the use of synonyms: plenitude, pleasure, complacency served to define sexual satisfaction; in the same way, emotional states such as feeling good, feeling happy and the conditions of being in agreement with one's partner allow for greater sexual satisfaction.
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y factores asociados, en adultos de 20 a 64 años residentes del cantón Gualaceo- Ecuador 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-28) Gualpa Cajamarca, Tránsito Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a set of alterations that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, considered a worldwide problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in adults between 20 and 64 years of age living in the canton of Gualaceo-Ecuador 2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional, analytical study, with 354 participants selected by simple randomization, pregnant and breastfeeding women were excluded. The Healthy Eating Index questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Scale (HDRS), Fagerstöm test, survey (CAGE), weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured and the criteria proposed by the joint statement FID/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/AHA 2009 were applied to determine the metabolic syndrome. The data were tabulated in SPSS v.24. Frequency, percentage, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 29.1%, 33.3% in men and 27.2% in women; however, by means of logistic regression, being a woman decreased the OR 0.034 with respect to being a man; another significant factor was marital status. No significant differences were observed for clinical variables. Conclusion: the results reveal a significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome, underlining the importance of preventive interventions aimed at these risk factors for local public health.
Estado nutricional y su asociación con la calidad del sueño, percepción de estrés, calidad de la dieta, actividad física en estudiantes de medicina, Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-20) Peñaloza Piña, Lucia Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Nutritional status is linked to various health conditions. Some research has suggested its relationship to sleep quality, stress, diet, and physical exercise; these factors have not been evaluated together. Addressing this relationship could provide a more holistic understanding of health status. The study was conducted in medical students of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Objective: to analyze nutritional status and its association with sleep quality, perceived stress level, diet quality and physical activity. Methodology: a cross-sectional quantitative analytical design was used. Four questionnaires were administered: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Global Diet Index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: Although the analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between these variables p-value >0.05, a high prevalence of overweight (37%), as well as poor sleep quality (70.4%), moderate (47.1%) and high levels of stress (48.6%), poor diet quality (63.2%) and low physical activity (49.3%) were found among the students. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant association between nutritional status, sleep quality, stress perception, diet quality and physical exercise; however, a high prevalence of obesity, poor sleep quality, high stress level and poor diet quality was found in medical students
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la funcionalidad del deseo sexual en los estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-15) Cortez Nájera, Ana Belén; Vanegas Coveña, Diana Patricia
Background: sexual desire is the motivation to engage in activities of a sexual nature, either alone or in company. It is stimulated by external or internal cues. Sexual desire dysfunction is the consistent reduction or absence of fantasies, sexual or erotic thoughts and desire for sexual activity. It is the most prevalent sexual disorder in people of all ages. Desire impairment can be affected by gender, age, marital status, sexual orientation, length of relationship, and history of sexual abuse, among other factors. General objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the functionality of sexual desire in students of Psychology at the University of Cuenca, 2023-2024. Methodology: quantitative study, observational, analytical and cross-sectional design. We worked with a universe of 627 students enrolled in the Psychology program at the University of Cuenca, from which a sample of 162 students responded to the questionnaires. Of these, 93 participants met the inclusion criteria, that is, they were over 18 years of age, had sexual relations in the last 6 months and signed the informed consent form. The sociodemographic form and the DESEA questionnaire were applied. The Chi-square statistic and the nonparametric U-Mann Whitney and Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient tests were used for data processing. Results: sexual desire dysfunctionality was 17.2%, 68.75% in young adults, 43.75% in relationships of less than one year, 81.25% in women, 93.75% in singles, 75% in heterosexuals and 75% in those who were not victims of abuse. Conclusions: people with higher dysfunctionality in their sexual desire were young adults, couples of less than one year, women, single people, heterosexuals and those who were not victims of sexual abuse.
Relación entre el tiempo de pinzamiento de la aorta y la frecuencia de fibrilación auricular de nueva aparición en los pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga desde el año 2016 al 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-14) López Rodríguez, Javier Arturo; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common and costly complication of cardiac surgery. It usually occurs between the second and fourth postoperative day. Determination of the relationship between aortic pressure retention time (APT) and the incidence of POAF in patients after aortic valve replacement is essential. Objective: To analyze the relationship between intraoperative APT and the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing this type of surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 117 patients divided into two groups according to APT was performed at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, COPD, CKD, toxic habits, postoperative amiodarone use, age, sex, weight, height, BMI, incidence of POAF and APT (in minutes). Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was performed using cross-tabulations (Chi-Square) and relative risk (RR). Results: An APT longer than 90 minutes was significantly associated with an increased frequency of POAF. The 47.1% of patients with APT 60-89 minutes and 52.9% of those with APT 90-119 minutes had this complication (3.121 with 95% (CI): [1.830, 5.322].; p
Asociación entre adherencia a la medicación inmunosupresora y calidad de vida en pacientes transplantados renales del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-14) Rivera González, Sonia Catalina; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the world's population, especially diabetic and hypertensive patients, and renal transplantation significantly increases their quality of life and survival. However, adherence to immunosuppressive medication is essential to prevent rejection and complications. Aim: To assess the relationship between adherence to immunosuppressive medication and quality of life in kidney transplant patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted between September and December 2023 at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca. Eighty patients with functioning kidney transplants aged over 18 years were included. Adherence was assessed with the ITAS and the Mansuora University questionnaire, and quality of life with the SF-36 questionnaire. Analysis of variance and chi-squared tests were used to compare variables. Results: 65% of patients were classified as adherent. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Adherent patients had better scores on the bodily pain and health change dimensions of the SF-36 compared to nonadherent patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to immunosuppressive medication is associated with better quality of life in renal transplant patients, particularly in the bodily pain and health changes dimensions. Strategies to improve long-term adherence are required.
Experiencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad visual y el rol de sus representantes respecto a la salud bucal. Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-08) Dávila Arcentales, Mónica Beatríz; Idrovo Landy, Israel Sebastián
Visual impairment (VI) presents several challenges and its impact on oral health has not been sufficiently explored in the scientific literature. This study seeks to understand the experience of children and adolescents (CA) with VS and the role of their representatives with respect to oral health. Qualitative phenomenological study oriented to content analysis using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Ten children and adolescents with DV between 6 and 12 years of age were included along with their representatives. Chain sampling was used to recruit participants. The analysis was carried out through inductive and deductive coding, categorizing a priori knowledge, oral hygiene practices and the role of the representatives; as an emerging category, the difficulties experienced. The Atlas Ti version 23 software was used to manage and analyze the data collected. Knowledge, practices and difficulties in relation to oral care were evaluated to learn about the experience of children and adolescents with DV. Participants showed basic knowledge about the importance and prevention of oral diseases. Regarding practices, variations in brushing frequency and technique were evidenced. Barriers in oral care and lack of adapted products were identified. Mothers were the main caregivers, playing a fundamental role in daily care. Differences were identified in relation to oral care knowledge and practices, in addition to the difficulties they face in accessing adequate information. Representatives play a key role in the maintenance of oral health, although they also showed deficiencies in their knowledge.
Detección de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en enterobacterales de la microbiota intestinal y su asociación con determinantes de salud en pacientes ambulatorios atendidos en laboratorio del Hospital Universitario del Río. Cuenca 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) León Orellana, Priscila Katherine; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: bacterial resistance is a global public health issue in both community and hospital settings, influenced by human, environmental, animal, and food chain factors. Objective: to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacterales from the intestinal microbiota and their association with health determinants in outpatients attended at the Hospital Universitario del Río laboratory in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 223 participants. Fecal samples were analyzed to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), detecting the genes blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM and blaSHV through conventional PCR. The data obtained were statistically analyzed to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Results: the frequency of ESBL-PE was 9.4%, with Escherichia coli being the only isolated bacterium. No statistically significant associations were found between ESBL presence and health determinants such as sex, origin, residence, potable water consumption, travel or antibacterial use history, recent hospitalization, or diagnosed diseases. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was present in 71% of the samples, blaTEM in 57%, and blaSHV in none. A total of 43% of isolates carried both blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM, while 14% contained none of the studied genes. Conclusion: The study highlights an increase in beta-lactam resistance in E coli among the analyzed outpatient population, although no significant associations with health determinants were observed.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y su asociación con caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y nivel de higiene bucal en pacientes drogodependientes en Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) Calderón Calle, Mario Esteban; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
Introduction: Quality of life is closely related to perceived well-being, and oral health is a key factor. Drug dependence can seriously affect oral health, causing caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. This study aims to identify how oral conditions affect general wellbeing in vulnerable populations such as drug dependence. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life related to oral health in drug-dependent patients and its association with caries, periodontal disease and oral hygiene level in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 84 patients of the Humberto Camacho Addiction Rehabilitation Center; sociodemographic data were collected and the OHIP-14 survey was applied to evaluate quality of life. An intraoral clinical examination was performed, and the information was analyzed with SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistical analysis with Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis tests. Results: showed a high prevalence of caries and gingival bleeding, with a notable impact on psychological discomfort and social disability. Gingival bleeding was significantly associated with physical pain (p=<0.05) and psychological distress (p=<0.031). Likewise, significant differences were found in psychological discomfort (p=<0.041) and social disability (p=<0.020) related to the level of oral health. Conclusions: Impaired oral health in patients with drug dependence, characterized by cavities and gingival bleeding, negatively impacts their general well-being, especially in terms of psychological distress and social disability, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions that improve both their oral health and quality. of life in this group of patients.
Prevalencia de caries dental y factores asociados en los adolescentes de la Fundación de la Unidad Educativa Santa María de la Esperanza FUSMAE, Chordeleg abril – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-11-15) Carpio Carpio, Sandra Lorena; Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
Introduction: dental caries is a prevalent disease worldwide and presents significant challenges in terms of prevention due to multiple associated factors. It is related to age, with adolescents between 12 and 15 years being particularly vulnerable due to the incomplete mineralization of their dental tissues, making them more susceptible. Objective: to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors in adolescents at the Unidad Educativa Santa María de la Esperanza (FUSMAE). Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at FUSMAE in Chordeleg, Ecuador, in 2023, with a population of 98 students aged 12 to 18. Clinical evaluations and surveys on oral health, socioeconomic status, and behaviors related to oral hygiene were carried out. The presence of caries was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT). Study variables were analyzed as frequencies expressed in percentages, and a statistically significant association with social and behavioral factors was considered when p<0.05. The SPSS software (version 25.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results: high prevalence of caries (89.9%), though most had a very low-risk DMFT index, with a prevalence ratio of 1.003 (0.967; 1.040) for the variable 'I like my teeth,' 0.997 (0.976; 1.019) for 'I avoid smiling,' 0.983 (0.939; 1.029) for 'They make fun of my teeth,' 0.887 (0.757; 1.040) for 'Missed classes/dental pain,' and 1.015 (0.947; 1.089) for 'Difficulty/chewing hard foods,' in a population with a middle socioeconomic profile (39.8%). These prevalences were associated using Fisher's exact test with p-values below the stipulated threshold for school absences due to dental pain (p = 0.036) and difficulty chewing hard foods (p = 0.012). Conclusions: this study showed a high prevalence of dental caries among adolescents of type C socioeconomic status in the FUSMAE community. School absenteeism due to dental pain and difficulty chewing hard foods were identified as determinant factors.
Tendencias temporales del infarto agudo de miocardio en el Ecuador durante el 2006 – 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-10-02) Macanchi Namicela, Cristian Rodrigo; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide, and it is essential to know the mortality rate due to AMI in Ecuador and its provinces in order to contribute to a better appreciation of the phenomenon and possible direction of public policies. Objective: To describe AMI mortality rates according to provinces and regions between 2006 and 2021. Methodology: Observational, ecological study, information collected from the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) database on mortality due to AMI, over 18 years of age, classified by sex and place of death. An analysis was made of mortality rates adjusted according to the WHO direct method, and temporal mortality trends were analyzed according to sex, provinces and regions. Results: There is a constant increase in the number of AMI cases, the peak of mortality observed between 2008, 2018, 2019 and 2021. Men accounted for more than 50% of cases. Provinces in the coastal region recorded the highest AMI mortality rate, the trend analysis showed a significant overall increase over the entire period, with two trends: a decrease between 2006-2011 and a considerable increase between 2011-2021. Conclusions: Provinces of the coast region and men showed sustained increases in the standardized mortality rate of AMI in Ecuador.
Calidad de vida, ansiedad y depresión y factores asociados en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con tratamiento quirúrgico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-22) Ruilova González, Lizbet Yolanda; Bueno León, Juan Pablo
Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is characterized by having a favorable prognosis and prolonged survival rate, its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the presence of anxiety and depression have been the subject of evaluations. Objective: to analyze HRQOL, as well as depression and anxiety in patients with post-surgical DTC, identifying associated factors. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study, the sample was made up of all patients who had undergone surgery for CDT, the SF 36 quality of life survey and the HADS scale (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were applied. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used through association tests for the analysis and interpretation of results. Results: The most affected domains of HRQoL were physical role, general health, emotional role, and perception of health transition. Most patients did not have anxiety and depression, postsurgical complications and histological type influenced social function. Occupation and type of lymph node dissection affected mental health. BMI (body mass index) was a predictor of depression. Conclusions: the importance of comprehensively considering factors such as occupation, type of lymph node dissection, postsurgical complications and BMI is highlighted when addressing HRQoL in patients with DTC.
Percepciones sobre los informes médico-periciales como instrumento procesal, por parte de las/los operadores y auxiliares de justicia en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, al año 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-15) Ávila Villavicencio, Jonatan Pablo; Pacheco Solano, Jaime Alberto
Medical-expert reports are support instruments in judicial cases and are essential for the decision-making of justice operators. Its structure is of great interest and it is considered important to know the perceptions of its elements by those who must use them within judicial processes.To understand the perceptions of medical-legal reports as a procedural instrument by justice operators and assistants in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, in the year 2022. Qualitative and phenomenological study that allowed us to understand the structural elements of the medical-expert reports. The population included doctors-experts and justice operators from the different Judicial Units of the Cuenca canton. The semi- structured interview, designed and validated within the framework of the same research, with a total of 10 open questions was used as an instrument for collecting information. The data were analyzed with the Atlas.ti program. The results showed an equal distribution between men (44,44%) and women (55,56%) in the group of judges, mostly between the ages of 45 and 52. The participants advocated for more detailed reports, intensified collaboration between judicial units and the Prosecutor's Office, a "single language of care" and specific protocols to improve the efficiency and quality of medical-expert reports.The relevance of expert medical reports in the different legal processes is evident. However, obstacles are also evident in being able to prepare medical reports, in a way that affects the Justice System and the victims.
Validez diagnóstica de la ultrasonografía mejorada por contraste para visualizar la punta del catéter venoso central en niños quirúrgicos de 2 a 5 años del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Marzo 2023 - Marzo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-08) Cevallos Sacoto, Francisco Antonio; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
In the perioperative period, it is important to have a method that allows us to discern whether the tip of the central venous catheter is in an ideal position or not. Microbubble contrast ultrasound allows this, however, research is just booming in pediatrics. A diagnostic test study was carried out in order to determine the validity of the method compared to X-rays. The enrollment of the participants was random and through a rigorous methodology, images were obtained by contrast ultrasound (CEUS) and (Rx.). obtaining 58 patients between 2 to 5 years. 26 men and 32 women, mostly with a right jugular approach (53.4%) and a subcostal window (72.4%) with a type of CVC. of three lumens (89.7%), with a diameter of 4.5 Fr. (55.2%). The average BMI. was 20.22 kg/m2. The mean volume of contrast was 3.5mL. (SD=0.76). Through binary grouping and logistic regression, it was determined that the best cut-off point corresponds between 300 to 500 milliseconds, offering, S: 100%, E: 95.7%, PPV: 95.7%, NPV: 100% LR positive: 23.4 LR negative: 0.000 Accuracy 96.5%. Furthermore, controlling the effect of the co-variables, the prediction model improves its coefficient of determination from 87.1 to 91.1%. It is concluded that the CEUS method. It has figures that validate its use with values similar to the gold test, with no adverse effects and avoiding radiation.

Browse

Recent Submissions