Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Tesis Maestrías

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/110

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 360

Factores asociados al inicio de vida sexual en adolescentes tardíos de la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, sede Azogues, 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-12-03) Sacoto Luna, Karina Monserrath; Borja Robalino, Brigith Vanessa
Background: the beginning of sexual activity in late adolescence, especially during university years, can have consequences that go beyond unplanned pregnancies. There are also risks associated with the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, as well as impacts on life plans and the possibility of abandoning college education opportunities.Objective: identify the factors associated with the beginning of sexual life in late adolescents from the Academic Unit of the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, 2024.Methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. 371 students who met the inclusion criteria participated. Descriptive statistics were applied, in the association analysis the Chi square test was used, reporting prevalence ratio and confidence interval, if the p value is less than 0.05 it was considered statistical significance. Results: the prevalence of the beginning of sexual life was 74.4%, 92.4% had their first sexual contact between 15 and 19 years of age, 48.9% had between 2 to 5 partners and 43.1% only one. The most used contraceptive method was the condom in 68.8% of cases, 12.7% indicated that they had previous pregnancies. Alcohol consumption (PR: 12.1; 95% CI 5.10-28.59; p: 0.001) and being male (PR: 2.13; 95% CI 1.26-3.62; p: 0.004), the older age of the couple and the dating relationship showed a statistical association. Conclusions: a high prevalence of early onset of active sexual life was found in university students, and it was associated with alcohol consumption and being male, the older age of the couple and the dating relationship
Percepciones sobre la satisfacción sexual en mujeres en edad fértil del Centro de Salud Loreto, Provincia de Orellana, 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-03) Enríquez Ureña, Patricia María; Jiménez Brito, Doriz Angélica
Sexual satisfaction is a central aspect of being human throughout life, identity, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure and intimacy are important aspects in the life of every person, especially in women because they face new events. The understanding of female sexual satisfaction has evolved considerably with respect to traditional and biologically determined models of human sexuality. The objective of the research was to identify the perceptions about sexual satisfaction of women of childbearing age who attend the Loreto Health Center, Orellana Province, 2024. This study had a qualitative - phenomenological approach, the sample was made up of 10 women who met the inclusion criteria. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured script based on pre-established categories. The data were obtained through the ATLAS Ti software. Among the main results, the idea stands out that to initiate sexual encounters, displays of affection, foreplay, touch, approach, even previous conversations are considered important. It was determined that, in adulthood, over 60 years of age, there may be a decrease in sexual activity. Likewise, the results showed that linguistic resources such as the use of synonyms: plenitude, pleasure, complacency served to define sexual satisfaction; in the same way, emotional states such as feeling good, feeling happy and the conditions of being in agreement with one's partner allow for greater sexual satisfaction.
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y factores asociados, en adultos de 20 a 64 años residentes del cantón Gualaceo- Ecuador 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-28) Gualpa Cajamarca, Tránsito Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a set of alterations that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, considered a worldwide problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in adults between 20 and 64 years of age living in the canton of Gualaceo-Ecuador 2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional, analytical study, with 354 participants selected by simple randomization, pregnant and breastfeeding women were excluded. The Healthy Eating Index questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Scale (HDRS), Fagerstöm test, survey (CAGE), weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured and the criteria proposed by the joint statement FID/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/AHA 2009 were applied to determine the metabolic syndrome. The data were tabulated in SPSS v.24. Frequency, percentage, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 29.1%, 33.3% in men and 27.2% in women; however, by means of logistic regression, being a woman decreased the OR 0.034 with respect to being a man; another significant factor was marital status. No significant differences were observed for clinical variables. Conclusion: the results reveal a significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome, underlining the importance of preventive interventions aimed at these risk factors for local public health.
Estado nutricional y su asociación con la calidad del sueño, percepción de estrés, calidad de la dieta, actividad física en estudiantes de medicina, Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-20) Peñaloza Piña, Lucia Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Nutritional status is linked to various health conditions. Some research has suggested its relationship to sleep quality, stress, diet, and physical exercise; these factors have not been evaluated together. Addressing this relationship could provide a more holistic understanding of health status. The study was conducted in medical students of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Objective: to analyze nutritional status and its association with sleep quality, perceived stress level, diet quality and physical activity. Methodology: a cross-sectional quantitative analytical design was used. Four questionnaires were administered: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Global Diet Index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: Although the analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between these variables p-value >0.05, a high prevalence of overweight (37%), as well as poor sleep quality (70.4%), moderate (47.1%) and high levels of stress (48.6%), poor diet quality (63.2%) and low physical activity (49.3%) were found among the students. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant association between nutritional status, sleep quality, stress perception, diet quality and physical exercise; however, a high prevalence of obesity, poor sleep quality, high stress level and poor diet quality was found in medical students
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la funcionalidad del deseo sexual en los estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-15) Cortez Nájera, Ana Belén; Vanegas Coveña, Diana Patricia
Background: sexual desire is the motivation to engage in activities of a sexual nature, either alone or in company. It is stimulated by external or internal cues. Sexual desire dysfunction is the consistent reduction or absence of fantasies, sexual or erotic thoughts and desire for sexual activity. It is the most prevalent sexual disorder in people of all ages. Desire impairment can be affected by gender, age, marital status, sexual orientation, length of relationship, and history of sexual abuse, among other factors. General objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the functionality of sexual desire in students of Psychology at the University of Cuenca, 2023-2024. Methodology: quantitative study, observational, analytical and cross-sectional design. We worked with a universe of 627 students enrolled in the Psychology program at the University of Cuenca, from which a sample of 162 students responded to the questionnaires. Of these, 93 participants met the inclusion criteria, that is, they were over 18 years of age, had sexual relations in the last 6 months and signed the informed consent form. The sociodemographic form and the DESEA questionnaire were applied. The Chi-square statistic and the nonparametric U-Mann Whitney and Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient tests were used for data processing. Results: sexual desire dysfunctionality was 17.2%, 68.75% in young adults, 43.75% in relationships of less than one year, 81.25% in women, 93.75% in singles, 75% in heterosexuals and 75% in those who were not victims of abuse. Conclusions: people with higher dysfunctionality in their sexual desire were young adults, couples of less than one year, women, single people, heterosexuals and those who were not victims of sexual abuse.
Relación entre el tiempo de pinzamiento de la aorta y la frecuencia de fibrilación auricular de nueva aparición en los pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga desde el año 2016 al 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-14) López Rodríguez, Javier Arturo; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common and costly complication of cardiac surgery. It usually occurs between the second and fourth postoperative day. Determination of the relationship between aortic pressure retention time (APT) and the incidence of POAF in patients after aortic valve replacement is essential. Objective: To analyze the relationship between intraoperative APT and the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing this type of surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 117 patients divided into two groups according to APT was performed at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, COPD, CKD, toxic habits, postoperative amiodarone use, age, sex, weight, height, BMI, incidence of POAF and APT (in minutes). Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was performed using cross-tabulations (Chi-Square) and relative risk (RR). Results: An APT longer than 90 minutes was significantly associated with an increased frequency of POAF. The 47.1% of patients with APT 60-89 minutes and 52.9% of those with APT 90-119 minutes had this complication (3.121 with 95% (CI): [1.830, 5.322].; p
Asociación entre adherencia a la medicación inmunosupresora y calidad de vida en pacientes transplantados renales del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-14) Rivera González, Sonia Catalina; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the world's population, especially diabetic and hypertensive patients, and renal transplantation significantly increases their quality of life and survival. However, adherence to immunosuppressive medication is essential to prevent rejection and complications. Aim: To assess the relationship between adherence to immunosuppressive medication and quality of life in kidney transplant patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted between September and December 2023 at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca. Eighty patients with functioning kidney transplants aged over 18 years were included. Adherence was assessed with the ITAS and the Mansuora University questionnaire, and quality of life with the SF-36 questionnaire. Analysis of variance and chi-squared tests were used to compare variables. Results: 65% of patients were classified as adherent. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Adherent patients had better scores on the bodily pain and health change dimensions of the SF-36 compared to nonadherent patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to immunosuppressive medication is associated with better quality of life in renal transplant patients, particularly in the bodily pain and health changes dimensions. Strategies to improve long-term adherence are required.
Experiencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad visual y el rol de sus representantes respecto a la salud bucal. Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-08) Dávila Arcentales, Mónica Beatríz; Idrovo Landy, Israel Sebastián
Visual impairment (VI) presents several challenges and its impact on oral health has not been sufficiently explored in the scientific literature. This study seeks to understand the experience of children and adolescents (CA) with VS and the role of their representatives with respect to oral health. Qualitative phenomenological study oriented to content analysis using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Ten children and adolescents with DV between 6 and 12 years of age were included along with their representatives. Chain sampling was used to recruit participants. The analysis was carried out through inductive and deductive coding, categorizing a priori knowledge, oral hygiene practices and the role of the representatives; as an emerging category, the difficulties experienced. The Atlas Ti version 23 software was used to manage and analyze the data collected. Knowledge, practices and difficulties in relation to oral care were evaluated to learn about the experience of children and adolescents with DV. Participants showed basic knowledge about the importance and prevention of oral diseases. Regarding practices, variations in brushing frequency and technique were evidenced. Barriers in oral care and lack of adapted products were identified. Mothers were the main caregivers, playing a fundamental role in daily care. Differences were identified in relation to oral care knowledge and practices, in addition to the difficulties they face in accessing adequate information. Representatives play a key role in the maintenance of oral health, although they also showed deficiencies in their knowledge.
Detección de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en enterobacterales de la microbiota intestinal y su asociación con determinantes de salud en pacientes ambulatorios atendidos en laboratorio del Hospital Universitario del Río. Cuenca 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) León Orellana, Priscila Katherine; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: bacterial resistance is a global public health issue in both community and hospital settings, influenced by human, environmental, animal, and food chain factors. Objective: to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacterales from the intestinal microbiota and their association with health determinants in outpatients attended at the Hospital Universitario del Río laboratory in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 223 participants. Fecal samples were analyzed to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), detecting the genes blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM and blaSHV through conventional PCR. The data obtained were statistically analyzed to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Results: the frequency of ESBL-PE was 9.4%, with Escherichia coli being the only isolated bacterium. No statistically significant associations were found between ESBL presence and health determinants such as sex, origin, residence, potable water consumption, travel or antibacterial use history, recent hospitalization, or diagnosed diseases. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was present in 71% of the samples, blaTEM in 57%, and blaSHV in none. A total of 43% of isolates carried both blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM, while 14% contained none of the studied genes. Conclusion: The study highlights an increase in beta-lactam resistance in E coli among the analyzed outpatient population, although no significant associations with health determinants were observed.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y su asociación con caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y nivel de higiene bucal en pacientes drogodependientes en Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) Calderón Calle, Mario Esteban; Bravo Calderón, Diego Mauricio
Introduction: Quality of life is closely related to perceived well-being, and oral health is a key factor. Drug dependence can seriously affect oral health, causing caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. This study aims to identify how oral conditions affect general wellbeing in vulnerable populations such as drug dependence. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life related to oral health in drug-dependent patients and its association with caries, periodontal disease and oral hygiene level in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 84 patients of the Humberto Camacho Addiction Rehabilitation Center; sociodemographic data were collected and the OHIP-14 survey was applied to evaluate quality of life. An intraoral clinical examination was performed, and the information was analyzed with SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistical analysis with Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis tests. Results: showed a high prevalence of caries and gingival bleeding, with a notable impact on psychological discomfort and social disability. Gingival bleeding was significantly associated with physical pain (p=<0.05) and psychological distress (p=<0.031). Likewise, significant differences were found in psychological discomfort (p=<0.041) and social disability (p=<0.020) related to the level of oral health. Conclusions: Impaired oral health in patients with drug dependence, characterized by cavities and gingival bleeding, negatively impacts their general well-being, especially in terms of psychological distress and social disability, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions that improve both their oral health and quality. of life in this group of patients.
Prevalencia de caries dental y factores asociados en los adolescentes de la Fundación de la Unidad Educativa Santa María de la Esperanza FUSMAE, Chordeleg abril – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-11-15) Carpio Carpio, Sandra Lorena; Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
Introduction: dental caries is a prevalent disease worldwide and presents significant challenges in terms of prevention due to multiple associated factors. It is related to age, with adolescents between 12 and 15 years being particularly vulnerable due to the incomplete mineralization of their dental tissues, making them more susceptible. Objective: to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors in adolescents at the Unidad Educativa Santa María de la Esperanza (FUSMAE). Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at FUSMAE in Chordeleg, Ecuador, in 2023, with a population of 98 students aged 12 to 18. Clinical evaluations and surveys on oral health, socioeconomic status, and behaviors related to oral hygiene were carried out. The presence of caries was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT). Study variables were analyzed as frequencies expressed in percentages, and a statistically significant association with social and behavioral factors was considered when p<0.05. The SPSS software (version 25.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results: high prevalence of caries (89.9%), though most had a very low-risk DMFT index, with a prevalence ratio of 1.003 (0.967; 1.040) for the variable 'I like my teeth,' 0.997 (0.976; 1.019) for 'I avoid smiling,' 0.983 (0.939; 1.029) for 'They make fun of my teeth,' 0.887 (0.757; 1.040) for 'Missed classes/dental pain,' and 1.015 (0.947; 1.089) for 'Difficulty/chewing hard foods,' in a population with a middle socioeconomic profile (39.8%). These prevalences were associated using Fisher's exact test with p-values below the stipulated threshold for school absences due to dental pain (p = 0.036) and difficulty chewing hard foods (p = 0.012). Conclusions: this study showed a high prevalence of dental caries among adolescents of type C socioeconomic status in the FUSMAE community. School absenteeism due to dental pain and difficulty chewing hard foods were identified as determinant factors.
Tendencias temporales del infarto agudo de miocardio en el Ecuador durante el 2006 – 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-10-02) Macanchi Namicela, Cristian Rodrigo; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide, and it is essential to know the mortality rate due to AMI in Ecuador and its provinces in order to contribute to a better appreciation of the phenomenon and possible direction of public policies. Objective: To describe AMI mortality rates according to provinces and regions between 2006 and 2021. Methodology: Observational, ecological study, information collected from the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) database on mortality due to AMI, over 18 years of age, classified by sex and place of death. An analysis was made of mortality rates adjusted according to the WHO direct method, and temporal mortality trends were analyzed according to sex, provinces and regions. Results: There is a constant increase in the number of AMI cases, the peak of mortality observed between 2008, 2018, 2019 and 2021. Men accounted for more than 50% of cases. Provinces in the coastal region recorded the highest AMI mortality rate, the trend analysis showed a significant overall increase over the entire period, with two trends: a decrease between 2006-2011 and a considerable increase between 2011-2021. Conclusions: Provinces of the coast region and men showed sustained increases in the standardized mortality rate of AMI in Ecuador.
Calidad de vida, ansiedad y depresión y factores asociados en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con tratamiento quirúrgico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-22) Ruilova González, Lizbet Yolanda; Bueno León, Juan Pablo
Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is characterized by having a favorable prognosis and prolonged survival rate, its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the presence of anxiety and depression have been the subject of evaluations. Objective: to analyze HRQOL, as well as depression and anxiety in patients with post-surgical DTC, identifying associated factors. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study, the sample was made up of all patients who had undergone surgery for CDT, the SF 36 quality of life survey and the HADS scale (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were applied. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used through association tests for the analysis and interpretation of results. Results: The most affected domains of HRQoL were physical role, general health, emotional role, and perception of health transition. Most patients did not have anxiety and depression, postsurgical complications and histological type influenced social function. Occupation and type of lymph node dissection affected mental health. BMI (body mass index) was a predictor of depression. Conclusions: the importance of comprehensively considering factors such as occupation, type of lymph node dissection, postsurgical complications and BMI is highlighted when addressing HRQoL in patients with DTC.
Percepciones sobre los informes médico-periciales como instrumento procesal, por parte de las/los operadores y auxiliares de justicia en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, al año 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-15) Ávila Villavicencio, Jonatan Pablo; Pacheco Solano, Jaime Alberto
Medical-expert reports are support instruments in judicial cases and are essential for the decision-making of justice operators. Its structure is of great interest and it is considered important to know the perceptions of its elements by those who must use them within judicial processes.To understand the perceptions of medical-legal reports as a procedural instrument by justice operators and assistants in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, in the year 2022. Qualitative and phenomenological study that allowed us to understand the structural elements of the medical-expert reports. The population included doctors-experts and justice operators from the different Judicial Units of the Cuenca canton. The semi- structured interview, designed and validated within the framework of the same research, with a total of 10 open questions was used as an instrument for collecting information. The data were analyzed with the Atlas.ti program. The results showed an equal distribution between men (44,44%) and women (55,56%) in the group of judges, mostly between the ages of 45 and 52. The participants advocated for more detailed reports, intensified collaboration between judicial units and the Prosecutor's Office, a "single language of care" and specific protocols to improve the efficiency and quality of medical-expert reports.The relevance of expert medical reports in the different legal processes is evident. However, obstacles are also evident in being able to prepare medical reports, in a way that affects the Justice System and the victims.
Concepciones y valoraciones en derechos humanos en el personal que labora en el Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-07-07) Arias Tenorio, Erika Priscila; Tapia Cárdenas, Jeanneth Patricia
Antecedent: human rights have been adequate to improve the well-being of human beings, they are indivisible and interdependent, based on rules and laws in order to protect human dignity, the lack of knowledge predisposes them to violation and discrimination. Objective: to determine the value and conception of the human rights related to all personnel currently working at “Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño, 2023” Method: This is a descriptive – cross-sectional study. The sample was census of 184 participants. Validated questionnaires such as the Graffar Méndez Castellanos scale were used to measure the sociodemographic level; To quantify the conceptions and evaluations, the II National Human Rights Survey 2013 was used. The Excel and SPSS version 15 programs were used in the analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out, for quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation, and for qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies. The results are presented in custom tables in order of objectives. Results: 80.1% of the population studied presented discrimination due to their different aspects, physical, religion, nationality, gender, etc.; their conceptions are very low, only 8.2% have a high perception, and 8.2% report comprehensive compliance. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about the conceptions, perception and fulfillment of rights is real and leads to discrimination; the perception of violation is present in more than half of the population regardless of their education.
Percepciones y experiencias discriminatorias en la construcción de la identidad sexo-genérica, Quito, 2022 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-14) Reyes Cevallos, Jonathan Pavlov; Acurio Páez, Fausto David
Background: Sex-gender identity is a social, cultural, and psychological construct that evolves over time and has led to rejection or discrimination in various aspects of society, particularly within diversities. While a portion of society acknowledges the existence of diverse sex-gender identities, scenarios of discrimination persist, manifested through acts of violence or harassment. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to understand the perceptions and discriminatory experiences in the construction of sex-gender identity in the city of Quito. Objective: To identify perceptions and discriminatory experiences in the construction of sexgender identity, Quito, 2022 – 2023. Methods: This is a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach, conducted among the following populations: the ALFIL Association, which works for the rights of sex-gender populations with 5 participants, and 7 students from the dental mechanics program at the Technological Institute Libertad. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted as a method of data collection. Results: Discrimination in the construction of sex-gender identity is mainly evident within sexual diversity populations such as the LGBTQ+ community, as well as among women. It was also identified that the most common sites of discrimination are educational, occupational, or public spaces. Conclusion: The study highlights the description of perceptions and exploration of discriminatory experiences in the construction of sex-gender identity within a group of individuals in the city of Quito concerning their identity and diversity.
Tipos de violencia intrafamiliar en mujeres atendidas en el Centro de Salud - Subzona Nro. 11 Loja, periodo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-12) Silva Aguilar, Nerio Vicente; Cueva Ludeña, Rene Fausto
Background: domestic violence (VIF) is a health problem that is generated at the individual, social and family level, with consequences on physical and mental health that not only affects women, but also the family unit. Objective: determine the types of domestic violence in women treated at the Health Center - Subzone No. 11 Loja, period 2023. Methodology: descriptive - cross-sectional study. 172 women who met the inclusion criteria participated. The information was recorded using a data collection form prepared by the author. For the VIF assessment, a VIF scale validated in another study was applied. Descriptive statistics were applied, in qualitative variables absolute and relative frequencies are used, in quantitative measures of central tendency. The results are presented in custom tables. Results: FIV prevalence was 44.8% (9% CI 37.19%-52.52%); 93.5% of cases were categorized as mild. Social violence occurred in 32%, followed by psychological and gender violence in 27.9% and 22.8%. 37.8% of FIV cases occurred in the range of 20 to 39 years; 25.6% were single, 29.7% had higher education, 41.9% lived in urban areas and 23.3% had a medium-high socioeconomic level. Conclusions: a high prevalence of FIV was identified, with a greater frequency of this phenomenon being evident in young adult women, single, with higher education, residing in urban areas and with a medium-high socioeconomic level.
Caracterización médico legal, frecuencia y métodos del suicidio en la Fiscalía provincial del Azuay, provincia del Azuay, periodo 2017 - 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-12) Urgilez Gutiérrez, Miguel Bernardo; Méndez Narváez, José Vicente
Background: Suicide represents one of the biggest health problems, since it is increasing. Thus, in Ecuador it currently represents one of the most frequent causes of violent death, reaching almost 50% of cases. Objective: To determine the legal medical characteristics, frequency and methods of suicide in the Azuay Provincial Prosecutor's Office, Azuay province, period 2017 - 2021. Methods: Observational, Descriptive, Cross-sectional and retrospective study. We worked with 203 forensic reports from the database of the Azuay Prosecutor's Office; the data was collected using an information collection sheet made with the Excel 2016 program. The data was analyzed with the statistical software SPSS v26, where frequency and percentage values were established according to variables. Results: of the reported cases of violent death, 46.61% were due to suicide, of which 66.5% were men. The majority of suicides occurred in 2018 (25.1%), in the urban sector (72.4%), with a high school education level (35%) and single marital status (66%). Conclusions: It was determined that in cases of suicide the predominant sex was male, with the most common age groups being adolescents and young adults, especially in those with a single marital status and with regard to the method chosen for the consummation of suicide. This act was hanging in the vast majority of cases
Experiencias sexuales y afectivas y su relación con la calidad de vida en adultos mayores atendidos en área de geriatría del Hospital General del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Santo Domingo, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-12) Ochoa Bravo, Susan Daniela; Chuchuca Pillajo, Juan Andrés
Background: In older adulthood, sexuality faces changes inherent to aging, exacerbated by the belief in the decline of sexual and emotional activity in old age. This complicates addressing sexual and emotional issues, contributing to the deterioration of the quality of life in older adults. Objective: To determine the relationship between sexual and affective experiences and the quality of life in older adults treated in the Geriatrics Area of the General Hospital of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security Santo Domingo, 2023. Method: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 76 older adults from the General Hospital IESS Santo Domingo, who met the criteria. Sociodemographic data questionnaires, sexuality, sexual and affective experiences for the older adult (EVASI), and WHOQoL-OLD for quality of life were used. The analysis was carried out with statistical tools such as EPIDAT and EPI-INFO, using association tests such as chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Result: The study involved mostly female older adults, with a median age of 70 years for women and 69 for men, finding that more than 50% were sexually active, but with varying levels of satisfaction. Most expressed affection for their partners, although with concerns about aging and health. A direct positive relationship of moderate intensity between sexual activity, affective relationships, and quality of life was found, while physical and social adversities showed a weak and negative relationship. Conclusion: Better sexual and affective experiences were related to better quality of life in the dimensions of sexual activity and affective relationships in older adults.
Características de la exposición al amianto en los empleados de la empresa DAC – Cuenca Azuay, en el periodo 2022 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-05) Vázquez Andrade, Juan Diego; Escandón Quezada, Denisse Estefanía
Background: Asbestos, a known carcinogen and a cause of pneumoconiotic diseases such as asbestosis according to the WHO, is unfortunately still used as a raw material in the production of fibrocement, exposing workers to respiratory diseases in the short, medium, and long term. Objective: To determine the characteristics of asbestos exposure among employees of DAC Company - Cuenca - Azuay, during the period 2022 – 2023. Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 25 workers was conducted. Four processes were carried out: collection of demographic data, review of morbidity and absenteeism matrices, environmental sampling for asbestos analysis, and verification of compliance with biosafety measures through a checklist. Subsequently, data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical methods such as mean, median, and mode. Results: It was evidenced that 84% of the studied population had not completed secondary education, and 60% were aged between 18 and 31 years. The absenteeism rate due to respiratory tract diseases was 1.35%. All workers were exposed to asbestos (0.35f/cc; 0.45f/cc). Finally, 60% of the population did not adequately comply with biosafety measures. Conclusions: This study identified a population at high risk of asbestos exposure, which also lacks adequate personal protective measures. Although this exposure may have contributed to the absenteeism rate due to respiratory tract diseases, a directly proportional relationship cannot be established

Browse

Recent Submissions