Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Tesis Maestrías

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    Actitudes de sexismo ambivalente y su influencia en la asertividad sexual en los usuarios que se atienden en el Hospital Rodriguez Zambranode Manta, 2021-2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-16) Crofford Vera, Lissette Johanna; Lucas Bustos, Pedro
    Background: Sexist attitudes are considered a social problem that has transcended cultures, delimiting assertive communication in the sexual relations of each individual. Objective: to determine ambivalent sexist attitudes and their influence on sexual assertiveness in users who are treated at the Rodríguez Zambrano de Manta Hospital, 2021-2022. Methodological Design: it is quantitative, descriptive, correlational, with a transversal scope. The population is the patients who are treated at the Rodríguez Zambrano Hospital in Manta and the sample is made up of 500 users. The instruments applied are the scales: Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Spanish version of Expósito; the Sexual Assertiveness scale (ASA) defined by Morokoff and the sociodemographic group questionnaire. In the information processing, the SPSS program was obtained, calculating the descriptive statistics and standard deviation, the Spearman conversion was used as a hypothesis test, the Kruskal Wallis statistic to compare the values of the sociodemographic group and the linear regression to know the contribution of the dimensions of the ASI. Results: the average analysis shows a slight disagreement with ambivalent sexism (ASI), and (SAS) a slight increase in sexual assertiveness in the population. In the consequence of the variables it will be developed that hostile sexism and benevolent paternalism sexism will decrease the ability of sexual assertiveness. Conclusions: sexist attitudes negatively influence the sexual assertiveness ability of individuals, deteriorating the ability to reject sexual intercourse and the negotiation of pregnancy and STI prevention.
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    Actitudes del personal de enfermería hacia la sexualidad de personas con discapacidad y su relación con factores asociados, en el área 01, del distrito 01 del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-22) Sempértegui Díaz, Verónica Cristina; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes
    Background: There is little information on the attitudes of nursing personnel towards the sexuality of people with disabilities (PWD) and their relationship with associated factors in the setting. Objective: To identify the prevalence of positive or negative attitudes of nursing personnel towards the sexuality of PWD, and to associate it with the following factors: their own sexuality, source of information on sexuality, area of professional practice, age, and sex. Methodology: Is an quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional study. The "Revised Sexual Opinion Survey (EROS)" and the questionnaire "Attitudes towards sexuality of people with Disabilities (ATSD)" were applied to the nursing personnel of district 01, area 01 of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador (n=69) (88,4% women and 11,6% men). Results: The ATSD Scale, presented the average value of 2,96, determining predominantly positive attitudes towards sexuality in PWD. As for the association with other factors, only age obtained a statistically significant association score, the participants with the lowest age range have positive attitudes in contrast to their counterparts with the highest rank. Conclusions: Nursing staff attitudes towards PWD sexuality may influence the counseling they provide to this group or their caregivers, in addition to the mentioned factors, further studies are needed to determine other factors that modify these attitudes.
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    Actitudes hacia la masturbación y su relación con la satisfacción sexual en servidores del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo en el año 2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-03) Chacón Arévalo, María Verónica; Lucas Matheu, Manuel Mateo
    Background: Sexual pleasure, including autoerotism, is source of physical, psychological and spiritual wellness, it’s a human sexual right. However, masturbation masturbation has historically been reviled and has been surrounded by mistaken beliefs. Two important factors in increasing or decreasing sexual satisfaction are: attitudes and values toward sexuality; and the wealth of sexual practices, including including non-coital ones Objective: Relate Attitudes toward masturbation and its connection to sexual satisfaction. Methodological design: Quantitative, analytical correlational, cross-sectional, 215 voluntary workers answered a sociodemographic form, the Spanish short version of Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) and the Subjective Sexual Satisfaction (ESSS). A convenience sampling was performed among all Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo’s workers on 2022. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: Correlation between Attitudes toward masturbation and sexual satisfaction was negatively and significantly related (rho= -.252, p=.000) Conclusions: Negative attitudes toward masturbation are related to subjective sexual satisfaction in the study group. Findings imply the need to expand the investigation to larger samples, in all the country, considering all the involved sociodemographic factors.
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    Actitudes y conductasde salud oral de estudiantes de Primero a Cuarto Año de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca 2014.
    (2015) Lafebre Carrasco, Milton Fabricio; Cobos Carrera, Diego Fernando; Arévalo Peláez, Carlos Eduardo
    The aim of this survey was the attitudes and behavior in dental students of the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca, and the use of Hiroshima dental behavior dental inventory (HU-DBI). This survey included students from first to fifth year and candidates for postgraduate programs and postgraduate students. A survey was conducted to freshmen to fifth year and included leveling students and graduate students, the total number of respondents was 460 students which included students from first to fifth, leveling and graduate students, a response rate found of 87.47%, where 256 (66.7%) were women, 128 (33.33%) were men, most urban origin 96.3%, the index number HU-DBI was for preclinical students with DS 8.89 and 1,542 students with clinical experience with DS 1.485 9.49. In this study we found no difference in rates between men and women, and the fact this rate increases with education of theoretical and increases further contact with patients, which is maintained, and that graduate students have lower rates of HU-DBI than students of 4th and 5th year, a finding that requires further study.
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    Adherencia terapéutica farmacológica en pacientes hipertensos del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Cuenca-Ecuador 2007
    (2007) Martínez Reyes, Fray Cleiton; Cárdenas Herrera, Oswaldo José; Guevara Pacheco, Sergio Vicente
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    El Alcoholismo en la comunidad: proyecto de atención primaria en el alcohólico
    (1996) Jaramillo Rodas, Fátima de los Ángeles; Toapanta Pazmiño, Sandra; Pacurucu Castillo, Saúl Francisco; Narváez Ayala, Alberto
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    Alimentación cultural en el contexto de la estructura familiar en gestantes y puérperas de la parroquia Cojitambo, año 2023
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-01) Morales Crespo, Stephanie Eliana; Mora Verdugo, Miriann Alexandra
    Care practices based on beliefs and customs about the reproductive process have been present throughout the world since ancient times, and vary depending on the culture of the region, especially food culture (1). For this reason, the relevance of the study of local cultural associations stands out, which allows us to get closer to the knowledge of practices (2). Aim: Describe the cultural dietary practices of pregnant and postpartum women in the Cojitambo parish, in the context of family structure, 2023. Methodology: Qualitative, phenomenological study, applied to 15 pregnant and postpartum women from the Cojitambo parish through convenience sampling. Categories: Family Structure, Food practices, Complicit nature, Benefits of ancestral food and Cultural transmission. A semi-structured interview and a genogram were applied to each participant, processing the information with the Wordle program. The information was triangulated with community leaders and finally the narrative analysis was carried out. Results: Nutritional practices in the pregnant woman are based on the benefit of the child, and are developed through organic nutrition; However, in the postpartum period it has a more cultural connotation, where the mother has a greater role. All the interviewees complied with the eating practices, evident as repetitive patterns and consolidated social representations. Conclusion: It is possible to describe the cultural eating practices of pregnant and postpartum women in the Cojitambo parish. Its generational transmitters are female figures. They were fulfilled in all families, regardless of their typology.
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    Analgesia preventiva con ketoprofeno-levobupivacaina en colecistectomía laparoscópíca comprada con el efecto de su administración postoperatoria, Hospital Homero Castanier 2010
    (2010) Merchán Bueno, Miguel Oswaldo; Castro Calle, Fernando Eugenio
    INTRODUCTION: 84% of patients have postoperative pain, there is not a consensus control, and the preemptive analgesia (PA) is an interesting alternative. OBJECTIVE: To determine the analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine – ketoprofen combination administered before the nociceptive stimulus (preoperative) compared with post laparoscopic cholecystectomy administration (after surgery), Homer Castanier Hospital. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial single-blind was conducted, 100 patients into two groups are divided, 50 received preoperative ketoprofen – levobupivacaine combination (experimental group) and 50 received the same combination in the postoperative period (control group), to measure the intervention effectiveness the pain intensity was assessed -using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)- and additional analgesic requirements postoperatively. The analysis was performed using chi-square test and Student t test. The P value p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable (p>0.05). Experimental group had a lower postoperative pain intensity than control group at first 24 hours (p <0.05), after 24 hours the difference was not significant (p=0.063); The PA provided a lower risk of postoperative pain with RR=0,313 and ITT=2.27. The average supplemental analgesics doses are used was significantly higher in the control group 2.3 ± 1.03 than the experimental group 1.2 ± 0.72 (p <0.05), but the PA did not eliminate need for additional analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: Ketoprofen + levobupivacaine combination was effective, pain intensity decreased and the additional analgesics doses postoperatively were lower too, but did not eliminate the need for additional analgesia.
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    Análisis espacial de anomalías congénitas en menores de 1 año atendidos en Ecuador de 2015 – 2019: distribución con relación a zonas agrícolas, mineras y petroleras
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-22) Pozo Palacios, Juan Carlos; Zamora Acosta, Giannina Elizabeth
    Congenital anomalies are a group of disorders of variable etiology and heterogeneous nature, present in 6% of births worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of congenital anomalies in children under 1 year old, attended in health units in Ecuador, and their relationship with residence in areas of mining, oil and agro-industrial exploitation, in the period 2015-2019. A critical epidemiological study was carried out that allowed the analysis of extractive contamination and agricultural production, and the presence of malformations using the critical processes matrix, which is a tool for analyzing the movement of social determination of health. The research used a descriptive analysis, modeling and distribution of clusters of care records for children under 1 year of age in units of the Ministry of Health, during the years 2015 to 2019, and a socio-environmental and geographical analysis of the critical processes of environmental contamination in the equator. The results show that the distribution of each group of congenital anomalies varies between the provinces and cantons of Ecuador and increases in places with greater extractive exploitation and industrial agricultural production. Ecuador is a scenario where epidemiological and spatial expressions of the capitalist model are manifested, which conditions critical socio-epidemiological and environmental processes. The productive nature of exploitation is due to a discriminatory and exclusive social order, which results in evident contrasts in the levels of exposure and the consequent incidence of congenital defects in the child population.
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    Análisis hermenéutico de los saberes andinos y salud en el Tambo provincia del Cañar, 2016
    (2017) Achig Balarezo, David Ricardo; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes; Chilet Rosell, Elisa
    ABSTRACT Background. Ancestral wisdom in health are not accept by the science, so run the risk of disappearing. Scientific Medicine coexists with Andean Ancestral Knowledge. Ancestral wisdom have their own Cosmovision, method and experiences that explain health-disease processes. The Tambo town is a county in Cañar province were works erudite people in Andean health traditions that is possible to research. Objective. To analyze, using hermeneutics, the conceptual elements of the Andean worldview expressed in the treatment of Andean pathologies. Material and methods. Qualitative research with an interpretive and hermeneutic focus, analyze the Andean health traditions present in relate of men and women of wisdom. Works in four wise interviews, four patients, one life history and data triangulation with experts. A priori categories were classified into: principles and paradigms, eight Andean pathologies, four diagnosis, two treatment, and two emergent categories were presented: conditions of the healer and coexistence of Andean knowledge with Western medicine. The interviews were write in word text and then codified and processed in the Atlas.ti informatics software. Results. El Tambo wisdoms related to the principles and paradigms of the Andean worldview. The health-disease process is conceived from the paradigm of balance, and is manifested throughout the process: from the conception of pathologies, diagnosis, and treatment with plants and traditional cleanings; in an open system that allows coexistence with Western Medicine
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    Anestesia con remifentanil en infusión para colecistectomía laparoscópica vs. anestesia general clásica
    (2003) Barzallo Sacoto, Jorge Eduardo; Moscoso Abad, Teodoro Enrique; Carlos Teodoro, Flores Durán
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    Apego y su relación con la satisfacción sexual en el personal de salud del “Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo” Azogues 2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-18) Calle Morquecho, Nube Karina; Naulaguari Medina, Patricia Piedad
    Background: How people experience attachment in romantic relationships has been linked to sexual satisfaction, and it is critical to long-term relationship success. To date, however, studies have focused on college-aged individuals or heterosexual couples. As a result, there is a need to expand research to other populations with a variety of genders, ages, and occupations. As a result, our attention is drawn directly to a specific group, such as medical personnel. Objective: to determine the relationship between attachment and sexual satisfaction in the health personnel of the Homero Castanier Hospital in Azogues, Ecuador Methodological design: The study is quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional in nature. There were 236 health professionals in the sample. Results: When analyzing the data, it was found that: 78.3% of people with secure attachment had poor sexual satisfaction, 40% with a fearful, hostile and worried style showed good sexual satisfaction, 42.5% with distant attachment showed poor sexual satisfaction. Regarding the dimensions of attachment, it was determined that 44.9% of people had a type of distant attachment, 15.7% fearful-hostile; the worried style in 14% and the insurance in 25.4%, determining the degree of sexual satisfaction in the health personnel, it was found that 49.6% considered their sexual satisfaction as bad; and when performing the analysis by profession, no significant differences were found between them. Conclusions: Finally, it was discovered that the most common attachment style in health personnel was distant, with low sexual satisfaction, and that there was a significant relationship between these two variables.
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    Aplicación de la estrategia de calidad en los dispensarios la Unión 1, el Cabo, San Luis 1 y Chilchil, del Seguro Social Campesino. Regional 3
    (1997) Mejía Calle, Carmen Cecilia; Vázquez A., Rina; Vázquez Arcentales, Néstor Rigoberto; Vázquez Suárez, Luis Alonso; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio
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    Asociación entre adherencia a la medicación inmunosupresora y calidad de vida en pacientes transplantados renales del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2023
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-14) Rivera González, Sonia Catalina; Gómez Ayora, Andrea Ximena
    Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the world's population, especially diabetic and hypertensive patients, and renal transplantation significantly increases their quality of life and survival. However, adherence to immunosuppressive medication is essential to prevent rejection and complications. Aim: To assess the relationship between adherence to immunosuppressive medication and quality of life in kidney transplant patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted between September and December 2023 at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca. Eighty patients with functioning kidney transplants aged over 18 years were included. Adherence was assessed with the ITAS and the Mansuora University questionnaire, and quality of life with the SF-36 questionnaire. Analysis of variance and chi-squared tests were used to compare variables. Results: 65% of patients were classified as adherent. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Adherent patients had better scores on the bodily pain and health change dimensions of the SF-36 compared to nonadherent patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to immunosuppressive medication is associated with better quality of life in renal transplant patients, particularly in the bodily pain and health changes dimensions. Strategies to improve long-term adherence are required.
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    Atención integral de pacientes hipertensos en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga (I.E.S.S.) Detección, control y vigilancia del hipertenso. Descripción de factores de riesgo y prevención de complicaciones
    (2001) Altamirano Cordero, Marcia Lucía; Barros Rodríguez, Edgar Fabián; Pillaga Defaz, César Augusto; Vázquez Garate, Carmita Monserrat; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio
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    Atención primaria al niño escolar sometido al maltrato en la parroquia Yanuncay-Azuay 1995-1996
    (1997) Muñoz Serrano, Edison Iván; Calle Galán, Hugo Marcelo
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    Atrición dental severa y sus factores asociados: un estudio de casos y controles
    (2019-12-11) Astudillo Ortíz, Jaime Leonardo; Lafebre Carrasco, Milton Fabricio
    BACKGROUND: Severe attrition is a type of dental wear caused by friction of tooth surfaces with each other. Although it is a frequent condition, it is not known what are the factors associated with its appearance. Objective: To relate factors such as: age, sex, origin, number of residual teeth, salivary pH and bruxism, with severe dental attrition. Design: cases and controls Patients: a total of 237 patients, 79 cases, with dental attrition grades 2, 3 and 4 according to the Smith and Knight index and 158 controls, with attrition grades 0 and 1. A clinical and photographic analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Dental attrition and factors such as age, sex, origin, number of residual teeth, salivary pH and bruxism. RESULTS: After a bivariate analysis, it was observed that patients older than 25 years (OR = 2.47 CI = 1.41 - 4.35 X2 = 10.21 p = 0.001), with less than 20 residual teeth in the mouth (OR = 4.95 CI = 1.47 - 16.62 X2 = 7.97 p = 0.004) and with bruxism (OR = 2.64 CI = 1.45 - 4.81 X2 = 10.49 p = 0.001), Are more likely to have severe dental attrition. After a binary logistic regression, the statistically significant relationship of these factors with severe dental attrition was confirmed. Conclusions: Severe dental attrition has a statistically significant relationship with age, number of residual teeth in the mouth and bruxism.