Facultad de Odontología Tesis Especializaciones
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Item ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA ANSIEDAD AL TRATAMIENTO DENTAL Y LA NECESIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO ORTODÓNTICO AUTOPERCIBIDAS EN ADULTOS DE 18 A 64 AÑOS DE EDAD DE LA PARROQUIA BELLAVISTA EN EL PERIODO ENERO 2024 - DICIEMBRE 2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-23) Rojas López, Luciana Simonne; Villavicencio Caparó, EbingenObjective: analyze the relationship between anxiety to dental treatment and the need for selfperceived orthodontic treatment in adults aged 18 to 64 in Bellavista parish. Dental anxiety is an important barrier to starting treatments, especially orthodontic ones, which involve prolonged processes and aesthetic changes. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical research was carried out based on 384 records from an anonymized database, provided by Mg. Ebingen Villavicencio obtained for her doctoral thesis “Barriers to access to oral health services and their social determination in adults aged 18-64 years in the Bellavista parish”, with a sample size calculated with the OpenEpi program, with a confidence level of 95%. It was expected to find a significant association between anxiety and the perception of orthodontic need, in addition to identifying differences by sex and age. The results will allow us to better understand the emotional barriers faced by patients and propose strategies to improve dental care in adults. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety about dental treatment was identified, particularly in women. Although no statistically significant association was found between anxiety and the perception of need for orthodontic treatment (p > 0.05), the data show a trend: the greater the orthodontic need, the greater the anxiety. Women with moderate or undeniable need for treatment had higher levels of anxiety.Item Concordancia en el diagnóstico de la clase esqueletal mediante los análisis cefalométricos de Steiner, Ricketts y Björk-Jarabak en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en la clínica odontológica “Barzallo Ortodoncia” en Cuenca-Ecuador, en el periodo de enero 2019 a diciembre 2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-23) Celi Gonzaga, Michelle Stefanía; Villavicencio Caparó, EbingenCephalometric analysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool in Orthodontics, enabling accurate assessment of sagittal skeletal relationships. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic agreement among the Steiner, Ricketts, and Björk-Jarabak analyses based on lateral cephalometric radiographs from 400 patients (229 males and 171 females) aged 18–25, treated at “Barzallo Ortodoncia” clinic in Cuenca, Ecuador, between 2019 and 2024. Digital tracing was performed using NemoCeph software, and sensitivity, specificity, and concordance coefficients were applied for statistical analysis. Results showed high agreement between Steiner and Ricketts analyses, while Björk-Jarabak tended to overdiagnose class III due to high sensitivity but low specificity. It is concluded that the Steiner method is a reliable tool for confirming skeletal class diagnoses, particularly in clinical settings in Ecuador.Item MODULACIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA INMUNE EN PERIODONTITIS APICAL, EL PAPEL DE LA MEDICACIÓN INTRACONDUCTO EN LOS MEDIADORES INFLAMATORIOS: ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-14) Garcés Andino, Daniela Stefanny; Kun Astudillo, Kenia KarenIntroducction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the periapical tissues that triggers a complex response of the immune system. For this reason, the primary objective of the endodontic treatment is the disinfection of the Root Canal System (RCS) and the development of different alternatives during the treatment to achieve the repair of the bone tissues. An important part of the endodontic treatment is the intracanal medication, which has evolved to the active modulation of the immune response of the host. Aim: To assess the available evidence regarding the role of the intranal medication in the modulation of the immune response during AP, emphasizing the influence of inflammatory mediators. Methods: This investigation is a structured scoping review, searching literature to analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the AP, and 19 articles for analyzing the effect of the intracanal medication in the biological mediators. The included articles were evaluated with the RoB2, Syrcle and JBI tools. Conclusion: The evidence included was of high quality, except the animal studies. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to modulate the response of lymphocytes TH1/TH2, but it does not destroy all the resistant bacteria and lowers the pro-resolving resolvins. These limitations allow the development of new agents (metformin, selenium, nanoparticles, N-acetilcisteína, lithium carbonate and prothymosinalpha) that have demonstrated the elimination of resistant bacteria, macrophages polarization and activation of bone repair pathways.Item RELACIÓN ENTRE LA POSICIÓN CONDILAR Y EL PATRÓN FACIAL OBSERVADOS EN TOMOGRAFÍAS CONE BEAM REALIZADAS EN UN CENTRO RADIOLÓGICO PRIVADO DE QUITO, ECUADOR, EN ADULTOS DE 18 A 50 AÑOS, DURANTE EL PERÍODO 2022-2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2006-01-12) De la Torre Maldonado, Juan Sebastián; Pacheco Orellana, Clara AlejandraThe aim of this study was to determine the variations in condylar position according to different facial patterns, through the analysis of tomographic images of patients aged 18 to 50 years, obtained at the Centro Radiológico Global Imagen in Quito, Ecuador, during the period 2022– 2024. A quantitative approach was used, with an observational, descriptive, and comparative design, cross-sectional and retrospective in nature. A total of 57 tomographies were reviewed, from which 45 were selected to form homogeneous groups of facial biotypes according to the Björk–Jarabak classification: normodivergent (mesofacial), hyperdivergent (dolicofacial), and hypodivergent (brachyfacial), with 15 tomographies assigned to each category. The sagittal analysis of the articular spaces was conducted following the methodology proposed by Ikeda (2009), obtaining measurements of the anterior space (EA), superior space (ES), and posterior space (EP) of the right and left condyles in each tomographic study. The collected data were processed using frequency analysis, correlation analysis, variance analysis (ANOVA), and Tukey’s post hoc test, with IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 27.0. The results showed that brachyfacial patients presented higher values in the superior space (ES) and, particularly, in the posterior space (EP), compared with dolicofacial and mesofacial biotypes, with the latter displaying a statistically significant difference. These findings support the acceptance of the study’s alternative hypothesis, which proposes the existence of a relationship between facial biotype and condylar position.Item Prevalencia de patología pulpar y periapical en pacientes atendidos en la clínica de Posgrado de Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo marzo 2019- julio 2023(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Juca Guamán, Claudia Valeria; Ortiz Garay, Elida MagalyThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulpal and periapical pathology based on the clinical records of patients treated at the Postgraduate Endodontics Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019–2023. A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted, analyzing 705 clinical records that met previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were processed using frequency and percentage statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 27.0, and the results were presented through graphs and tables for easier interpretation. The most prevalent pathologies were symptomatic apical periodontitis (69.9%) and previously treated teeth (29.2%) as periapical and pulpal conditions, respectively. A predominance of young adult patients (88.5%) and a higher attendance of female patients (63.3%) were observed. Regarding the type of teeth, molars were the most frequently diagnosed with endodontic pathologies (55.1%). These findings indicate a high prevalence of pulpal and periapical diseases, with a correlation observed between previous endodontic treatments and the presence of apical lesions. Although no significant association was found with sex or age, a statistically significant relationship was identified with the type of tooth involved.Item Microbots: herramientas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento en endodoncia(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-26) Córdova Muñoz, Nicole Alejandra; Kun Astudillo, Kenia KarenDespite advances in techniques and materials, significant challenges remain, especially in the complete disinfection and cleaning of the root canal system due to its complex anatomy and the presence of resistant microorganisms. In this context, microbots have emerged as innovative technology with the potential to improve endodontic treatments. Their ability to navigate and operate with precision in confined spaces allows for effective control and elimination of infectious agents and localized drug delivery. This thesis aims to review the existing literature on the use of microbots in endodontics, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as well as the challenges and prospects in this field.Item Resistencia adhesiva de resina convencional a resina impresa en 3D: el papel de los tratamientos superficiales(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-18) Idrovo Tinta, Thalia Silvana; Astudillo Rubio, Daniela AndreaBackground: Various surface treatments such as air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, universal adhesive, and silane have been used to enhance adhesion in dental restorations by modifying surface characteristics and increasing roughness. Objective: To evaluate the bond strength between conventional resin and definitive 3D-printed resin using different surface treatments. Methods: Seven experimental groups (n=10) were prepared, each receiving a specific surface treatment prior to composite resin repair. The control group received no treatment. Experimental groups were treated as follows: air abrasion (group A), air abrasion with hydrofluoric acid (group B), air abrasion with universal adhesive (group C), air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, and adhesive (group D), silane (group E), and a combination of all treatments (group F). Shear bond strength tests and failure mode analyses were conducted. Results: All surface treatments significantly improved bond strength compared to the control group (9.89 ± 3.62). Group F showed the highest bond strength (23.62 ± 2.90) and mainly cohesive failures. Group A showed a bond strength of 19.41 ± 4.70, with more adhesive failures. The control group exhibited only adhesive failures. Conclusion: The combination of air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, universal adhesive, and silane yielded the highest bond strength and cohesive failure pattern, emphasizing the importance of complex surface treatments to optimize adhesion and long-term stability in dental restorations.Item Efecto del espesor y material Cad/Cam en la resistencia a la fatiga de molares tratados endodónticamente restaurados con carillas oclusales(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-18) Salto Ortiz, David Gustavo; Delgado Gaete, Bolívar AndrésEndodontically treated teeth lose a certain amount of healthy dental tissue to make the preparations, which must comply with the thicknesses indicated by the manufacturer to guarantee their resistance. General Objective: To evaluate the influence of the thickness and type of material on fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with occlusal veneers (OV). Materials and methods: 60 dental organs extracted by orthodontics or periodontics were included and divided into control group, Cerasmart 0.5-0.6mm group, Cerasmart 1.5-1.6mm group, Celtraduo 0.5-0.6mm group and Celtraduo 1.5-1.6mm group. The experimental groups were prepared according to the aforementioned thicknesses. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, for post hoc data the T3 Dunnett test was performed. Results: The experimental group that presented the highest value was G. CeltraDuo 1.5- 1.6mm with 618.21 newton, followed by Cerasmart 1.5-1.6mm with 579.14 newton. Between the control and CeltraDuo 0.5-0.6mm groups there was a significant difference p=0.025. Conclusion: Evaluation of restoration thickness revealed that increased restoration thickness does not influence the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars.Item Efecto del composite reforzado con fibras cortas y con fibras de polietileno sobre la resistencia a la fractura en premolares endodónticamente tratados(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-04) Armijos Freire, Sandra Daniela; Abad Salinas, Yulissa RaquelBackground: Previous studies have shown that endodontically treated teeth are at critically higher risk of fracture compared to vital teeth because tissue loss compromises the structural strength of the endodontically treated tooth. Objective: To determine the effect of short fiberreinforced composite and polyethylene fibers on fracture resistance in endodontically treated premolars, period 2023-2024. Methods: An in vitro cohort study was conducted with 40 maxillary premolars, of which 10 formed the control group (G4). Thirty teeth underwent endodontic treatment, standardized cavity preparations, and were divided into three restorative groups: (G1) Ribbond polyethylene fibers with flowable composite resin, (G2) Ribbond polyethylene fibers plus short fiber-reinforced composite, and (G3) only short fiberreinforced composite, with 10 teeth in each group. An oblique compressive load (30°) was applied until fracture. Results: Results show that intact premolars (control group, G4) showed the highest fracture resistance with an average of 440,710 ± 28,147 N. Among the experimental groups, the Ribbond fiber + everX Posterior group (G2) obtained the highest resistance (330,710 ± 27,475 N), followed by the everX Posterior group (G3) with 257,934 ± 57,124 N. The differences between the restored groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating a consistent variation in fracture resistance depending on the material used. The Weibull distribution reflected that group G2 presented the highest reliability (m = 11.644). Conclusion: The combination of Ribbond fiber with everX Posterior (G2) showed the highest strength, while Ribbond fiber alone (G1) had the lowest.Item Determinación social del edentulismo en pacientes adultos mayores de 60 años del hogar Miguel León, provincia del Azuay en el periodo 2024-2025(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-02) Benalcázar Arias, María Verónica; Villavicencio Caparó, EbingenBackground: Over the years, instruments have been developed to measure patients' quality of life through surveys that identify issues related to dental disorders. The lack of dental care among older adults contributes to a decline in their quality of life. Objective: Analyze the integration of the narrative on the quality of life associated with edentulism and related to the different social classes of the elderly at the Miguel León Home, in the province of Azuay, during the period 2024-2025. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted involving 22 older adults. Interviews were administered covering categories such as experiences, feelings, emotions, and education. Additionally, the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP EDENT) and a Social Integration Questionnaire were used. Qualitative data were processed using Atlas.ti 7, while quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS version 25. Results: Participants reported various perceptions regarding the causes of their dental loss, attributing it to excessive candy consumption and a lack of dental care in childhood. The results showed predominant physical limitations, especially in terms of pain and functional incapacity, with greater difficulties reported by widowed participants. Educational level also influenced the perception of impacts. Conclusion: The narratives of older adults align with the results of the OHIP questionnaire, revealing that edentulism and the use of dental prostheses negatively affect quality of life. The impact of edentulism varied significantly according to social class.Item Estabilidad de color de las resinas impresas 3D para restauraciones provisionales usando diferentes tiempos de postcurado, sometidas a envejecimiento acelerado y tinciones pigmentantes(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-28) Jaramillo Cobos, Darwin Fabricio; Cordero Asanza, Blasco Daniel3D printing technology has simplified the dental production process by using various types of resin to create temporary restorations. However, the color stability of 3D resins is a factor to be taken into account. Objective: determine the color stability of 3D printed resins for temporary restorations using different post-curing times, subjected to accelerated aging and pigment stains. Materials and methods: Samples of bisacryl resin discs (control) and 3D resins with dimensions of 10 mm diameter x 1 mm (Prizzma, Horus) were obtained. They were then subjected to a post-curing process for 3 different photocuring times: 5, 10 and 15 minutes, then accelerated aging by thermocycling of 10,000 cycles. Subsequently, each group was immersed in two pigmenting substances: coffee and Coca-Cola for 24 hours, 7 and 30 days. To finally, using a dental spectrophotometer (Easyshade 4.0) color was measured. Results: When comparing color stability within the group of resins in the passage from the initial point to thermocycling (D1), Day 1 (D2), Day 7 (D7) and Day 30 (D4); (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.003, p = 0.063, p = 0.008, p = 0.000) respectively, finding a significant difference showing that the Horus resin group was the most stable. Conclusions: Horus resin stood out as the most stable among the three analyzed (Horus, Bisacril and Prizma), showing less susceptibility to color changes. Although in the initial phase (D1) Bisacril and Prizma maintained their color, Horus presented significant differences in later phases (D2- D4), evidencing greater color stability.Item Resistencia a la fractura y el modo de falla de coronas atornilladas incisivas de resina impresa en 3D y zirconio en bases de titanio largas y cortas en implantes de conexión cónica(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-16) Pérez Recalde, Ana Monserrath; Ruiz Delgado, Emilio AndrésThe fracture resistance of screw-retained implant-supported crowns is critical for the long-term success of dental restorations, and both abutment design and material cansignificantly influence their mechanical performance. This study, conducted during 2023–2024, aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure modes of crowns made from 3D-printed resin and zirconia mounted on titanium abutments of two heights: 4 mm (short) and 6mm (long). Forty crowns were fabricated and divided into four groups: Group 1 (resin on 4 mmabutments), Group 2 (resin on 6 mm abutments), Group 3 (zirconia on 4 mm abutments), andGroup 4 (zirconia on 6 mm abutments). All specimens underwent fracture resistance testing,and results were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Zirconia crowns showed significantlyhigher fracture resistance than 3D-printed resin crowns (p < 0.001), with Group 4 (zirconia +6 mm abutment) displaying the highest mean fracture strength (940.711 N ± 28.147), whileGroup 1 (resin + 4 mm abutment) had the lowest (282.912 N ± 41.351). F values of 1257.725and 2777.538 for the 4 mm and 6 mm abutments, respectively, confirmed the statisticalsignificance. Additionally, the Weibull analysis indicated greater reliability in zirconia crowns,particularly in Group 4, which showed the highest Weibull modulus (m = 30.812), reflectingsuperior structural stability. In conclusion, both zirconia and 3D-printed resin crowns exceededphysiological load thresholds, confirming their suitability for implant-supported anteriorrestorations. However, longer abutments are especially recommended for resin crowns tooptimize fracture resistance and overall performance.Item Efecto del termociclado sobre la resistencia flexural de resinas impresas 3D con relleno cerámico(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-05) Durán Urdiales, Daniela Belén; Gil Pozo, Jenny AlexandraObjective: To determine the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength of 5 types of ceramic-filled 3D printed resin and to estimate their reliability using the Weibull distribution. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 bar-shaped samples (2x2x12mm) were created from 5 different types of 3D printed composite resins: VSC; FL; SC and SOT, and a milled BC composite resin as a control group. Samples of each material were divided into two groups (n=10): T0 (0 cycles) and T1 (10,000 cycles), which simulated 1 year of clinical aging. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to a 3-point flexural strength test in a universal testing machine. Results: For both T0 and T1 samples, the control group presented the highest flexural strength values. At T0, the printed resin with the highest flexural strength was SC. In T1 samples, the printed resin with the highest flexural strength was SOT. The only resin that showed a statistically significant difference between samples T0 and T1 was SC. The 3D printed VSC resin showed higher Weibull modulus values at T1. Conclusions: The milled composite resin had higher flexural strength values compared to the 3D printed resins. Thermocycling had no effect on the flexural strength of the evaluated materials, except for the 3D printed SC resin. The reliability of the 3D printed VSC, SC, and FL resins was affected by thermocycling.Item Prevalencia de osteoartrosis de acuerdo con las clases esqueletales en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca, un estudio retrospectivo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-30) Cárdenas Gómez, Elvita Paola; Romero Rodríguez, Valeria PaulinaBackground: Previous studies have shown that subjects with malocclusions have a significantly higher prevalence of temporomandibular disorders than subjects without malocclusions. Among temporomandibular disorders, osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease that affects cartilage and subchondral bone, mainly involving chondrocyte death, extracellular matrix degradation, and subchondral bone modification. Objective: To determine the frequency of osteoarthritis and skeletal class using cone beam tomography and lateral head radiographs of patients who attended the Department of Imaging of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca during the period 2017-2023. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 402 temporomandibular joints analyzed by cone beam tomography and lateral head radiographs. Once the data was obtained, the information was processed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: It was found that 31.1% of the temporomandibular joints analyzed presented osteoarthritis, finding that 7.5% of these presented grade I osteoarthritis and 23.6% grade II. Of the total number of patients with grade I osteoarthritis, 0.7% had skeletal class I, 6.5% class II and 0.2% class III. On the other hand, of the total number of patients with grade II osteoarthritis, 4.2% of the patients presented skeletal class I, 19.2% class II and 0.2% class III. Conclusions: It was found that the majority of patients with osteoarthritis presented skeletal class two. Finding an association between osteoarthritis and skeletal class.Item Prevalencia de osteoartrosis usando Cone Beam en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca un estudio retrospectivo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-28) Astudillo Uchupaille, Andrea Michelle; Palacios Astudillo, Iván AndrésBackground: The results of epidemiological studies on the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis vary due to the existence of different diagnostic criteria for the condition. Alzahrani et al. in 2020 found that the prevalence of osteoarthritis using cone beam computed tomography analysis was 65.5% in American individuals. Objective: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using CONE BEAM in patients from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca during the period 2017-2023. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out, where a total of 201 CT scans obtained in the imaging department of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca during the period 2017-2023 were evaluated, that is, a total of 402 temporomandibular joints were analyzed, in which certain imaging characteristics such as subarticular bone erosion, joint flattening, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis were analyzed. Results: According to the prevalence of osteoarthritis, it was obtained that 31.1% of the CT scans analyzed were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Observing that of the total number of patients with osteoarthritis, 8.5% were men and 22.6% were women. Of the joints analyzed, 27.3% had osteophytes, 7.4% erosion, and 17.4% pseudocysts. Conclusion: Finally, it was found that less than half of the joints analyzed presented osteoarthritis, showing that the female sex was the most affected, as well as ages between 18 and 28 years.Item Asociación del tamaño de la vía aérea superior y presencia de osteoartritis en estudios de haz cónico Cone Beam del departamento de radiología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Un estudio retrospectivo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-21) Guamán Camacho, Jackeline Cecibel; Bravo Torres, Wilson DanielOsteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (OA TMJ) is considered the most common and slowly progressive joint disease 1. Its prevalence ranges from 17.97% - 77.23% 2. OA TMJ and airway appear to have a bidirectional association, when there is severe destruction of the condyle generated by OA TMJ, it is possible to clinically present a retrognathic mandible and a hyperdivergent facial profile and decreased airway dimensions3. The aim is to associate upper airway volume with the presence of osteoarthritis in cone beam tomographic studies of the Radiology Department of the University of Cuenca. Materials and methods: 201 tomographic studies (402 results), aged 18 to 65 years, were analyzed for the presence of OA ATM (Wilkes criteria) and then for airway volume (Romexis ® 6.4.1. Planmeca). Results: Women are more predisposed, with 91 affected condyles (22.6%). Of these, 45 (73.8%) present osteoarthrosis in the right condyle and 46 (71.9%) in the left. The left condyle was the most affected with 64 (31.8%). The airway volume in people with OA: right condyle nasopharynx 3495.2±1268.3cm³, oropharynx 9321.8±4577.7cm³ and laryngopharynx of 3045.7 ±1218.0cm³ and in the left nasopharynx 3636.7±1421.4cm3, oropharynx 9346.7±4512.3cm³ and laryngopharynx 3005.9±1223.8cm3. Conclusions: Females have a greater predilection for presenting with TMJ OA, with an age range of 18-28 years, with the left condyle being the one with the greatest predilection compared to the right. Patients with osteoarthrosis presented significant reductions in upper airway volumes.Item Prevalencia del conducto medio mesial en primeros molares inferiores permanentes mediante evaluación tomográfica computarizada de haz cónico disponibles en el departamento de imagenología de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. 2015-2023(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-03) Pando Vargas, Gabriela Soledad; Idrovo Heredia, Gabriela ElizabethIntroduction: Generally, the lower first molar presents three root canals (CR): two mesial (M) and one distal (D); however, it may present an additional RC in the distal root, an isthmus within the mesial root, or a third canal in that root known as the mesial medial canal (MMC). Objective: To determine the prevalence of the MMC in permanent lower first molars evaluated through Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) available in the Imaging Department of the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca (UC) during the period from 2015 to 2023. Materials and Methods: The analyzed CBCTs were 517 (1034 teeth); to improve spatial resolution, the Zoom Reconstruction function was used, establishing a voxel of 160 μm and a field of view (FOV) of 50 mm x 50 mm. The image was oriented in the three planes: axial, sagittal, and coronal, according to the longitudinal axis of the mesial root, and in the axial cut, an initial path was traced from the cervical third to the apical third to determine its presence or absence; in case of its presence, the molar in which it was located was established. Results: The prevalence of the MMC was 11.22%, with the tooth 3.6 having the highest prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence according to the participants' sex did not show a statistically significant difference, but regarding age, the results showed significantly different data, with the younger group having the highest prevalence.Item Estudio in vitro comparativo de los sistemas de obturación termoplastificada utilizando la técnica de onda continua(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-13) Galindo González, Daniel Esteban; Abad Barrionuevo, María AlexandraA good sealing is a key requirement for the success of endodontic treatment. In endodontic therapy, the cleaning and shaping of the root canals is aimed at the complete removal of pulp tissue, in order to obtain a proper seal of the root canal. An incomplete sealing of the root canal system can: jeopardize the success of the root canal treatment, it is related to the development of periapical pathologies that can be considered as a failure of endodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of three-dimensional sealing in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the root canal system between Beefill 2in1 (VDW, Germany) and FastPack/FastFill (Eighteeth, Changzhou, China) equipment for thermoplasticized filling using the continuous wave technique by means of an in vitro study. In this in-vitro experimental research, 46 single-root bovine incisors were used, which were divided into 23 teeth for each group, in all samples the same protocol of preparation, conformation, irrigation and ultrasonic activation was performed. For Group 1, the teeth were filled with the Beefill 2in1 system (VDW, Germany) and for group 2, the teeth were filled with FastPack/FastFill equipment (Eighteeth, Changzhou, China), using the continuous wave thermoplasticized filling technique for both groups, then cross-sections were made in the cervical, middle and apical third to be observed under a stereo microscope. The results of the study showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the two systems.Item Comparación del sellado del conducto radicular con la técnica de obturación de condensación lateral y cono único, usando cemento biocerámico y a base de resina epóxica(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-13) Saldaña Ayala, María Gabriela; Intriago Morales, Ruth VivianaRoot canal obturation is crucial for the success of endodontic treatment. This study compares the lateral condensation technique with the single cone technique, using bioceramic cement (BioRoot Flow) and epoxy-based cement (AH Plus Sealer). The experimental in vitro design involved 72 bovine teeth, divided into four groups: G1, single cone technique with bioceramic cement; G2, single cone with epoxy cement; G3, lateral condensation with epoxy cement; and G4, lateral condensation with bioceramic cement. The teeth were cleaned and standardized to 18 mm. After chemomechanical preparation of the canals, obturation was performed using the selected technique and cement, sealed with glass ionomer cement, and incubated in saline solution at 37°C for 48 hours. The roots were then submerged in 1% methylene blue for 72 hours to assess apical microleakage, followed by a longitudinal sectioning that allowed observation under a stereomicroscope and measurement of dye penetration, categorized based on the depth of leakage. The results showed that G1 exhibited the least microleakage (1-3 mm), while G4 performed the worst (≥ 5 mm). Significant differences were found between G1 and G2 (p = 0.037), as well as between G1 and G4 (p = 0.001). G2 and G3, which used epoxy-based cement, did not show significant differences between them. In conclusion, the single cone technique with BioRoot Flow bioceramic cement demonstrated superior performance.Item Análisis del espacio disponible para colocación de mini implantes en paladar y sus factores asociados en CBCTS obtenidas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas Orthodentmb CIA. LTDA en la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador en el periodo diciembre 2022 - mayo 2024(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-07) Ávila Carrasco, Jéssica Maribel; Bravo Calderón, Diego MauricioBackground: The palate is one of the regions where the use and placement of mini-implants in orthodontics has been most frequently described, reducing treatment times and benefiting patients and orthodontists. Objective: To determine the thicknesses of palatal hard tissue available for mini-implant placement in the palate and its associated factors in CBCTs obtained from patients treated at Orthodentm Cia. Ltda in Cuenca - Ecuador. Materials and methods: CBCT images of 352 patients were used in this study. The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue were measured at the coronal planes of first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars (planes P1, P2, M1 and M2, respectively). Results: The hard tissue was thickest in the P1 plane, followed by the P2, M1 and M2 planes. Premolar planes presented a V-shaped pattern, being thickest in the P1 plane; However, at the level of the molars there is an inverse V pattern, the hard tissue was thickest at point P0, and its thickness decreasing distally. Conclusions: The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue decreased in an anteroposterior direction; it increased from medial to lateral in the P1 and P2 planes. The safest areas for the placement of mini-implants are considered: at the premorals planes, 10mm distal from the midline bilaterally, and at the molars planes in the middle part of the palate (P0).