Facultad de Odontología Tesis Especializaciones

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Evaluación de la frecuencia de los protocolos de retención utilizados por los miembros de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Ortodoncia y Ortopedia mediante encuestas realizadas en el año 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-03-30) Cordero Morales, Viviana Carolina; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Background: The retention phase in orthodontics is essential for maintaining treatment results, but in Ecuador, there is no scientific evidence-based consensus on the protocols used. The variability in the strategies employed by orthodontists can affect the long-term stability of treatments. Objective: To identify the frequency of use of retention protocols employed by Ecuadorian orthodontists through a census survey. Methodology: The study was conducted using a 29 question survey, which was distributed via a link sent to participants' email addresses. Before its application, the survey underwent a validation process by experts. The collected data were subjected to a descriptive analysis to evaluate the frequency of use of the different retention protocols. Results: Vacuum formed retainers were the most frequently used in both the maxillary and mandibular arches, followed by fixed retainers, and to a lesser extent, Hawley retainers. Conclusions: Orthodontists showed a clear tendency to use extended retention protocols, preferably lifetime, mainly influenced by clinical experience and patient history. In both arches, vacuum formed retainers were the most frequently used, followed by fixed retainers, and to a lesser extent, Hawley retainers.
Evaluación de la Relación Entre el Tercer Molar Mandibular y el Nervio Alveolar Inferior y Sus Factores Asociados en Radiografías Panorámicas de Pacientes Atendidos en el Centro Radiológico Insideimagen, Cuenca-Ecuador en el Periodo Enero 2023 – Enero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-03-18) Cartuche Vacacela, Lourdes del Rocio; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
Radiographic evaluation of impacted mandibular third molars is essential to estimate their relationship with the mandibular canal and to prevent neurosensory complications, especially inferior alveolar nerve injury. This study aimed to determine such relationship through radiographic predictor signs on panoramic radiographs from the Insideimagen radiology center, Cuenca–Ecuador, from January 2023 to January 2024. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and documentary study was conducted on 295 panoramic radiographs including 526 mandibular molars, from patients aged 17–51 years. Age, sex, third molar position (Winter and Pell & Gregory), and predictor signs (root darkening, root narrowing, root deviation, canal narrowing, and interruption of the white line) were recorded. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied (p<0.05). Mean age was 29.93 ± 8.88 years; patients ≤30 years (55.9%) and females (51%) predominated. The most frequent molar angulation was vertical (44.9%) and mesioangular (39.4%), while Pell - Gregory Class II (57.4%) and Position C (43%) were the most common. The most frequent sign was interruption of the white line (158 cases), significantly associated with what was described by Winter and Pell - Gregory classifications. Age was associated with root darkening, narrowing, and deviation (p<0.05), whereas no association was found with sex. In conclusion, panoramic radiography allowed identification of proximity predictor signs, with interruption of the white line as the main finding.
Evaluación de una nueva resina impresa en 3D para restauraciones dentales: Resistencia a la fractura de restauraciones fabricadas mediante estereolitografía digital
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-03-17) Vidal Alvarez, Sebastián René; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of four CAD/CAM restorative materials: lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, EM), hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VE), a polymerbased composite (Cerasmart, CS), and a novel 3D-printed resin (Ceramic Crown, CC) fabricated using Digital Press Stereolithography (DPS) technology. Standardized fullcoverage crowns were designed and manufactured for each material. All specimens underwent thermocycling and fracture testing using a universal testing machine. EM exhibited the highest fracture resistance (mean: 440.49 N), while VE showed the lowest (173.82 N). CS (265.49 N) and CC (306.76 N) presented intermediate values without statistically significant differences between them. Stereomicroscopic analysis revealed differences in fracture patterns, with IPS e.max CAD showing smooth, brittle fractures, while hybrid and polymerbased materials exhibited tortuous or porous fracture surfaces. These results suggest that DPS technology achieves mechanical performance for Ceramic Crown comparable to that of milled polymer-based composites, while offering production advantages in terms of time efficiency. As one of the first studies to evaluate Ceramic Crown and DPS technology, these findings provide initial insights into their mechanical behavior. However, further studies are required to validate their clinical performance before widespread use can be recommended.
Prevalencia de lesiones periapicales y factores asociados en piezas dentales con tratamientos endodónticos previos en pacientes atendidos en el posgrado de endodoncia de la Universidad de Cuenca durante el período marzo 2019 - julio 2023, mediante evaluación radiográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-26) Durán Ortiz, Natasha Carolina; Carpio Carpio, Sandra Lorena
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of periapical lesions and associated factors in teeth with previous endodontic treatment in patients treated at the Postgraduate Endodontics Program at the University of Cuenca between March 2019 and July 2023, using radiographic evaluation. An analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in which 137 periapical radiographs were observed, all of which met the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected were processed using statistical analysis of frequency and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 25.0) and represented using tables to facilitate interpretation. The results revealed a higher prevalence of grade 2 PL with 36.5%, followed by grade 4 with 15.3%. No correlation was found between the periapical index grade and the patients' sex, age group, or age; however, there was a strong association (with p<0.05) between the degree of the periapical index and the dental group, with the highest percentage occurring in grade 2 in the incisors with 52.2%, but the most severe cases of grade 5 occurred mainly in molars with 25.8%. No correlation was found between the periapical index grade and the quality of the restoration and root filling. Conclusion: The highest prevalence of LP corresponds to grade 2. There was only an association between the periapical index grade and the dental group, where the highest percentage of PL was grade 2 in incisors, followed by grade 5 in molars.
Análisis de la relación entre la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas y la Clase esqueletal en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico Inside, Cuenca, Ecuador, durante el periodo febrero 2023 – febrero 2025.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-09) Samaniego Campoverde, Daniela Alexandra; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
Introduction: Alterations in airway patency can directly affect the development of patients' skeletal structures, triggering the development of malocclusions and dental malposition. Due to its significant functional and aesthetic impact, this condition greatly affects patients' quality life. Therefore, a correct and timely evaluation is essential for all patients. Objective: To evaluate airway patency in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients treated at the Inside Radiological Center, Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period February 2023 – February 2025. Methodology: For this research, 105 lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from the Inside radiological center were evaluated. These were categorized based on the skeletal Class (I, II, and III) determined by Steiner's ANB angle. Airway patency was measured using McNamara's Analysis, obtaining measurements of the nasopharynx (Nfa-Nfp) and oropharynx (Bfa-Bfp). Mean comparison was performed using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the dimension of the oropharynx (Bfa-Bfp), specifically between the Class II and Class I groups (p = 0.003). No statistically significant differences were found in the nasopharynx (Nfa-Nfp). Conclusions: Individuals with skeletal Class II are associated with a significant reduction in the oropharyngeal airway dimension compared to other skeletal Classes. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive airway evaluation in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Análisis De La Resistencia Al Cizallamiento De Tubos De Ortodoncia Adheridos Con La Técnica De Cementación Reforzada Modificada Con Resina Fluida De Alta Carga - Estudio In Vitro
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-06) Delgado Dávila, Andrés Mauricio; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
The present study aimed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes bonded using three different cementation techniques. An observational, cross-sectional in-vitro laboratory test was conducted using 69 bovine teeth divided into three experimental groups. The Control Group (G0) received orthodontic tubes bonded with a conventional adhesive; Experimental Group 1 (G1) underwent a reinforced cementation technique using the same adhesive; and Experimental Group 2 (G2) received a reinforced cementation technique using a high-filler flowable resin. All specimens were tested using a universal testing machine to determine shear bond strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa). The results showed mean shear bond strength values of 21.3 MPa for G0, 22.5 MPa for G1, and 21.4 MPa for G2, with no statistically significant differences among the evaluated groups. These findings suggest that incorporating a reinforced cementation technique—either with the same adhesive or with a high-filler flowable resin—does not significantly improve the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes compared with the conventional technique. In conclusion, the three evaluated techniques demonstrate similar mechanical behavior under in-vitro testing conditions, indicating that the reinforced technique using the same adhesive remains a valid alternative for in-vivo orthodontic tube bonding.
Concordancia entre los análisis de Tatis y Ricketts para el diagnóstico del biotipo facial en imágenes radiográficas de pacientes atendidos en el centro radiológico Insideimagen, Cuenca-Ecuador en el período enero 2023- enero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-05) Ullaguari Landeta, María Fernanda; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
In orthodontic diagnosis, clinical examination, cephalometric analysis, photographs, and study models are essential tools for proper treatment planning. Among the evaluated parameters, facial biotype guides the selection of orthodontic mechanics, as patients with similar malocclusions may present different responses depending on their facial biotype. Traditionally, facial biotype is determined through cephalometric analysis on lateral cephalograms, which has limited the diagnostic value attributed to panoramic radiographs. Objective: to analyze the agreement between the Tatis and Ricketts analyses for facial biotype diagnosis. Materials and methods: a total of 404 radiographs were selected, including 202 lateral cephalometric radiographs and 202 panoramic radiographs, all obtained by the same operator using the same radiographic equipment. Tracings and measurements required for both analyses were performed by a single previously calibrated operator. Diagnostic agreement was assessed using the weighted Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Results: the Tatis analysis based on the glenoid fossa showed no agreement with the Ricketts analysis (κ = 0.009); the analysis based on condylar deflection demonstrated weak agreement (κ = 0.115); and the maxillomandibular angle showed low agreement (κ = 0.179), which was the highest among the comparisons performed. Conclusion: the Tatis analysis applied to panoramic radiographs showed low or no agreement with the Ricketts cephalometric analysis for facial biotype diagnosis; therefore, it cannot be considered a reliable or interchangeable method and should only be used as a complementary diagnostic tool.
Prevalencia de agenesias dentales y sus factores asociados en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes de 8 a 18 años atendidos en el Centro Radiológico “Insideimagen” de Cuenca – Ecuador, en el periodo enero del 2023 a enero del 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-30) Quiñonez Vanegas, Joyce Deyanira; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition and is characterized by the congenital absence of one or more teeth. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors, as well as disturbances during dental development. This condition can affect esthetics, occlusion, and the normal development of the dental arches, making it of particular relevance in orthodontic practice. Prevalence rates vary widely among populations, and in Ecuador, there are few updated, locally based studies addressing this issue from an epidemiological perspective using radiographic evidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental agenesis and its associated factors in panoramic radiographs of patients aged 8 to 18 years treated at the “Insideimagen” Radiological Center in Cuenca, Ecuador, between January 2023 and January 2024. Methodology: A total of 379 panoramic radiographs were analyzed, and dental agenesis was classified as hypodontia, oligodontia, or anodontia. In addition, the association between dental agenesis and the patients’ clinical-demographic characteristics was evaluated using the chi-square test in order to identify statistically significant relationships within the study population. Results: Of the radiographs analyzed, 115 presented dental agenesis (30.3%). No significant differences were found between females (30.2%) and males (30.5%) (p > 0.05). Third molars were the most frequently missing teeth in both arches, while premolars and incisors showed minimal prevalence (≤1%), with no absences observed in other tooth groups.
Comparación de los trazados manual y digital para la obtención del biotipo facial mediante el índice de Vert en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en el centro radiográfico Insideimagen de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador en el periodo febrero 2023 – febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-30) Yépez Santacruz, María Cristina; Siguencia Cruz, Valeria del Rosío
Antecedentes: El biotipo facial está representado por un conjunto de características morfo diferenciales de los individuos basadas en el análisis de la estructura ósea tanto en sentido vertical como horizontal, en pacientes ortodónticos influye en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. El índice de Vert propuesto por Ricketts es el más aceptado para determinar el biotipo facial, este análisis establece numéricamente el tipo y cantidad de crecimiento vertical del tercio inferior del rostro usando 5 ángulos, puede ser realizado mediante el trazado cefalométrico manual o digital en radiografías laterales de cráneo. Objetivo: Analizar la correlación y concordancia entre los trazados cefalométricos manual y digital para la determinación del biotipo facial mediante el índice de Vert en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en el centro radiológico “Insideimagen” de la cuidad de Cuenca en el periodo febrero 2023 - febrero 2025. Metodología: La muestra de este estudio estuvo conformada por 184 radiografías laterales de cráneo en las cuales se realizó el trazado cefalométrico tanto manual como digital, los valores numéricos y el diagnóstico del biotipo facial de ambos grupos fueron registrados en una base de datos para posteriormente ser comparados entre sí mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) y la prueba estadística del coeficiente kappa ponderado (k). Resultados: Los valores de CCI obtenidos (entre 0,976 y 0,998) reflejan una muy alta fiabilidad, mientras que la prueba Kappa ponderada (κ = 0,899; p < 0,001) demuestra un acuerdo casi perfecto entre ambos métodos. Conclusión: Sí existe una alta correlación y concordancia estadísticamente significativa entre los datos del índice de Vert obtenidos mediante trazado cefalométrico manual y digital de radiografías laterales de cráneo del centro radiológico “Insideimagen” de la cuidad de Cuenca en el periodo febrero 2023 - febrero 2025.
Prevalencia de caninos permanentes impactados y sus factores asociados en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico “Insideimagen” de Cuenca - Ecuador, en el periodo enero del 2023 a enero del 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-30) Díaz Aguirre, Josselyn Stefanía; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
Dental impaction is an alteration of the eruption process that occurs when a tooth fails to emerge properly due to a physical barrier in its path. Permanent canines were the second most frequently affected teeth, after third molars. Panoramic radiography is a fundamental diagnostic tool in these cases, as it allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the canine's position and relationship to adjacent structures. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted permanent canines and their associated factors in panoramic radiographs of patients treated at the "Insideimagen" Radiological Center in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2023 to January 2024. Methodology: 1110 panoramic radiographs were obtained; the sample consisted of all images resulting from the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Impacted canines were classified according to the Ericson and Kurol classifications, as well as the Ugalde classification. The association between canine impaction and the patients' clinical and demographic characteristics was evaluated using the chi-square test, considering a p-value ≤ 0.05 significant. Results: The prevalence of impacted permanent canines was 3.7%, occurring more frequently in the maxilla, unilaterally, and was associated with age recoded according to the mean. Conclusion: Canine impaction had a low prevalence in the studied population; however, its early identification was relevant due to the clinical and orthodontic implications.
ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA ANSIEDAD AL TRATAMIENTO DENTAL Y LA NECESIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO ORTODÓNTICO AUTOPERCIBIDAS EN ADULTOS DE 18 A 64 AÑOS DE EDAD DE LA PARROQUIA BELLAVISTA EN EL PERIODO ENERO 2024 - DICIEMBRE 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-23) Rojas López, Luciana Simonne; Villavicencio Caparó, Ebingen
Objective: analyze the relationship between anxiety to dental treatment and the need for selfperceived orthodontic treatment in adults aged 18 to 64 in Bellavista parish. Dental anxiety is an important barrier to starting treatments, especially orthodontic ones, which involve prolonged processes and aesthetic changes. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical research was carried out based on 384 records from an anonymized database, provided by Mg. Ebingen Villavicencio obtained for her doctoral thesis “Barriers to access to oral health services and their social determination in adults aged 18-64 years in the Bellavista parish”, with a sample size calculated with the OpenEpi program, with a confidence level of 95%. It was expected to find a significant association between anxiety and the perception of orthodontic need, in addition to identifying differences by sex and age. The results will allow us to better understand the emotional barriers faced by patients and propose strategies to improve dental care in adults. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety about dental treatment was identified, particularly in women. Although no statistically significant association was found between anxiety and the perception of need for orthodontic treatment (p > 0.05), the data show a trend: the greater the orthodontic need, the greater the anxiety. Women with moderate or undeniable need for treatment had higher levels of anxiety.
Concordancia en el diagnóstico de la clase esqueletal mediante los análisis cefalométricos de Steiner, Ricketts y Björk-Jarabak en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes atendidos en la clínica odontológica “Barzallo Ortodoncia” en Cuenca-Ecuador, en el periodo de enero 2019 a diciembre 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-23) Celi Gonzaga, Michelle Stefanía; Villavicencio Caparó, Ebingen
Cephalometric analysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool in Orthodontics, enabling accurate assessment of sagittal skeletal relationships. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic agreement among the Steiner, Ricketts, and Björk-Jarabak analyses based on lateral cephalometric radiographs from 400 patients (229 males and 171 females) aged 18–25, treated at “Barzallo Ortodoncia” clinic in Cuenca, Ecuador, between 2019 and 2024. Digital tracing was performed using NemoCeph software, and sensitivity, specificity, and concordance coefficients were applied for statistical analysis. Results showed high agreement between Steiner and Ricketts analyses, while Björk-Jarabak tended to overdiagnose class III due to high sensitivity but low specificity. It is concluded that the Steiner method is a reliable tool for confirming skeletal class diagnoses, particularly in clinical settings in Ecuador.
MODULACIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA INMUNE EN PERIODONTITIS APICAL, EL PAPEL DE LA MEDICACIÓN INTRACONDUCTO EN LOS MEDIADORES INFLAMATORIOS: ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-14) Garcés Andino, Daniela Stefanny; Kun Astudillo, Kenia Karen
Introducction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the periapical tissues that triggers a complex response of the immune system. For this reason, the primary objective of the endodontic treatment is the disinfection of the Root Canal System (RCS) and the development of different alternatives during the treatment to achieve the repair of the bone tissues. An important part of the endodontic treatment is the intracanal medication, which has evolved to the active modulation of the immune response of the host. Aim: To assess the available evidence regarding the role of the intranal medication in the modulation of the immune response during AP, emphasizing the influence of inflammatory mediators. Methods: This investigation is a structured scoping review, searching literature to analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the AP, and 19 articles for analyzing the effect of the intracanal medication in the biological mediators. The included articles were evaluated with the RoB2, Syrcle and JBI tools. Conclusion: The evidence included was of high quality, except the animal studies. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to modulate the response of lymphocytes TH1/TH2, but it does not destroy all the resistant bacteria and lowers the pro-resolving resolvins. These limitations allow the development of new agents (metformin, selenium, nanoparticles, N-acetilcisteína, lithium carbonate and prothymosinalpha) that have demonstrated the elimination of resistant bacteria, macrophages polarization and activation of bone repair pathways.
RELACIÓN ENTRE LA POSICIÓN CONDILAR Y EL PATRÓN FACIAL OBSERVADOS EN TOMOGRAFÍAS CONE BEAM REALIZADAS EN UN CENTRO RADIOLÓGICO PRIVADO DE QUITO, ECUADOR, EN ADULTOS DE 18 A 50 AÑOS, DURANTE EL PERÍODO 2022-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2006-01-12) De la Torre Maldonado, Juan Sebastián; Pacheco Orellana, Clara Alejandra
The aim of this study was to determine the variations in condylar position according to different facial patterns, through the analysis of tomographic images of patients aged 18 to 50 years, obtained at the Centro Radiológico Global Imagen in Quito, Ecuador, during the period 2022– 2024. A quantitative approach was used, with an observational, descriptive, and comparative design, cross-sectional and retrospective in nature. A total of 57 tomographies were reviewed, from which 45 were selected to form homogeneous groups of facial biotypes according to the Björk–Jarabak classification: normodivergent (mesofacial), hyperdivergent (dolicofacial), and hypodivergent (brachyfacial), with 15 tomographies assigned to each category. The sagittal analysis of the articular spaces was conducted following the methodology proposed by Ikeda (2009), obtaining measurements of the anterior space (EA), superior space (ES), and posterior space (EP) of the right and left condyles in each tomographic study. The collected data were processed using frequency analysis, correlation analysis, variance analysis (ANOVA), and Tukey’s post hoc test, with IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 27.0. The results showed that brachyfacial patients presented higher values in the superior space (ES) and, particularly, in the posterior space (EP), compared with dolicofacial and mesofacial biotypes, with the latter displaying a statistically significant difference. These findings support the acceptance of the study’s alternative hypothesis, which proposes the existence of a relationship between facial biotype and condylar position.
Prevalencia de patología pulpar y periapical en pacientes atendidos en la clínica de Posgrado de Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo marzo 2019- julio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Juca Guamán, Claudia Valeria; Ortiz Garay, Elida Magaly
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulpal and periapical pathology based on the clinical records of patients treated at the Postgraduate Endodontics Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019–2023. A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted, analyzing 705 clinical records that met previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were processed using frequency and percentage statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 27.0, and the results were presented through graphs and tables for easier interpretation. The most prevalent pathologies were symptomatic apical periodontitis (69.9%) and previously treated teeth (29.2%) as periapical and pulpal conditions, respectively. A predominance of young adult patients (88.5%) and a higher attendance of female patients (63.3%) were observed. Regarding the type of teeth, molars were the most frequently diagnosed with endodontic pathologies (55.1%). These findings indicate a high prevalence of pulpal and periapical diseases, with a correlation observed between previous endodontic treatments and the presence of apical lesions. Although no significant association was found with sex or age, a statistically significant relationship was identified with the type of tooth involved.
Microbots: herramientas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento en endodoncia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-26) Córdova Muñoz, Nicole Alejandra; Kun Astudillo, Kenia Karen
Despite advances in techniques and materials, significant challenges remain, especially in the complete disinfection and cleaning of the root canal system due to its complex anatomy and the presence of resistant microorganisms. In this context, microbots have emerged as innovative technology with the potential to improve endodontic treatments. Their ability to navigate and operate with precision in confined spaces allows for effective control and elimination of infectious agents and localized drug delivery. This thesis aims to review the existing literature on the use of microbots in endodontics, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as well as the challenges and prospects in this field.
Resistencia adhesiva de resina convencional a resina impresa en 3D: el papel de los tratamientos superficiales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-18) Idrovo Tinta, Thalia Silvana; Astudillo Rubio, Daniela Andrea
Background: Various surface treatments such as air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, universal adhesive, and silane have been used to enhance adhesion in dental restorations by modifying surface characteristics and increasing roughness. Objective: To evaluate the bond strength between conventional resin and definitive 3D-printed resin using different surface treatments. Methods: Seven experimental groups (n=10) were prepared, each receiving a specific surface treatment prior to composite resin repair. The control group received no treatment. Experimental groups were treated as follows: air abrasion (group A), air abrasion with hydrofluoric acid (group B), air abrasion with universal adhesive (group C), air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, and adhesive (group D), silane (group E), and a combination of all treatments (group F). Shear bond strength tests and failure mode analyses were conducted. Results: All surface treatments significantly improved bond strength compared to the control group (9.89 ± 3.62). Group F showed the highest bond strength (23.62 ± 2.90) and mainly cohesive failures. Group A showed a bond strength of 19.41 ± 4.70, with more adhesive failures. The control group exhibited only adhesive failures. Conclusion: The combination of air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, universal adhesive, and silane yielded the highest bond strength and cohesive failure pattern, emphasizing the importance of complex surface treatments to optimize adhesion and long-term stability in dental restorations.
Efecto del espesor y material Cad/Cam en la resistencia a la fatiga de molares tratados endodónticamente restaurados con carillas oclusales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-18) Salto Ortiz, David Gustavo; Delgado Gaete, Bolívar Andrés
Endodontically treated teeth lose a certain amount of healthy dental tissue to make the preparations, which must comply with the thicknesses indicated by the manufacturer to guarantee their resistance. General Objective: To evaluate the influence of the thickness and type of material on fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with occlusal veneers (OV). Materials and methods: 60 dental organs extracted by orthodontics or periodontics were included and divided into control group, Cerasmart 0.5-0.6mm group, Cerasmart 1.5-1.6mm group, Celtraduo 0.5-0.6mm group and Celtraduo 1.5-1.6mm group. The experimental groups were prepared according to the aforementioned thicknesses. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, for post hoc data the T3 Dunnett test was performed. Results: The experimental group that presented the highest value was G. CeltraDuo 1.5- 1.6mm with 618.21 newton, followed by Cerasmart 1.5-1.6mm with 579.14 newton. Between the control and CeltraDuo 0.5-0.6mm groups there was a significant difference p=0.025. Conclusion: Evaluation of restoration thickness revealed that increased restoration thickness does not influence the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars.
Efecto del composite reforzado con fibras cortas y con fibras de polietileno sobre la resistencia a la fractura en premolares endodónticamente tratados
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-04) Armijos Freire, Sandra Daniela; Abad Salinas, Yulissa Raquel
Background: Previous studies have shown that endodontically treated teeth are at critically higher risk of fracture compared to vital teeth because tissue loss compromises the structural strength of the endodontically treated tooth. Objective: To determine the effect of short fiberreinforced composite and polyethylene fibers on fracture resistance in endodontically treated premolars, period 2023-2024. Methods: An in vitro cohort study was conducted with 40 maxillary premolars, of which 10 formed the control group (G4). Thirty teeth underwent endodontic treatment, standardized cavity preparations, and were divided into three restorative groups: (G1) Ribbond polyethylene fibers with flowable composite resin, (G2) Ribbond polyethylene fibers plus short fiber-reinforced composite, and (G3) only short fiberreinforced composite, with 10 teeth in each group. An oblique compressive load (30°) was applied until fracture. Results: Results show that intact premolars (control group, G4) showed the highest fracture resistance with an average of 440,710 ± 28,147 N. Among the experimental groups, the Ribbond fiber + everX Posterior group (G2) obtained the highest resistance (330,710 ± 27,475 N), followed by the everX Posterior group (G3) with 257,934 ± 57,124 N. The differences between the restored groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating a consistent variation in fracture resistance depending on the material used. The Weibull distribution reflected that group G2 presented the highest reliability (m = 11.644). Conclusion: The combination of Ribbond fiber with everX Posterior (G2) showed the highest strength, while Ribbond fiber alone (G1) had the lowest.
Determinación social del edentulismo en pacientes adultos mayores de 60 años del hogar Miguel León, provincia del Azuay en el periodo 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-06-02) Benalcázar Arias, María Verónica; Villavicencio Caparó, Ebingen
Background: Over the years, instruments have been developed to measure patients' quality of life through surveys that identify issues related to dental disorders. The lack of dental care among older adults contributes to a decline in their quality of life. Objective: Analyze the integration of the narrative on the quality of life associated with edentulism and related to the different social classes of the elderly at the Miguel León Home, in the province of Azuay, during the period 2024-2025. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted involving 22 older adults. Interviews were administered covering categories such as experiences, feelings, emotions, and education. Additionally, the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP EDENT) and a Social Integration Questionnaire were used. Qualitative data were processed using Atlas.ti 7, while quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS version 25. Results: Participants reported various perceptions regarding the causes of their dental loss, attributing it to excessive candy consumption and a lack of dental care in childhood. The results showed predominant physical limitations, especially in terms of pain and functional incapacity, with greater difficulties reported by widowed participants. Educational level also influenced the perception of impacts. Conclusion: The narratives of older adults align with the results of the OHIP questionnaire, revealing that edentulism and the use of dental prostheses negatively affect quality of life. The impact of edentulism varied significantly according to social class.

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