Economía-Pregrado
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Item EVALUACION ECONOMICA SOCIAL DEL SEGURO SOCIAL CAMPESINO EN EL AZUAY: ANALISIS DE UN CASO PRACTICO(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, 1991) Durán Pinos, Antonio; Vásquez Vásquez, César; Jarrín O., PedroIn the structure of Ecuadorian society, we find diverse economic and ethnic groups, each with its own distinct characteristics. Among these, the peasantry stands out as one of the most socially, economically, and culturally marginalized groups. Thus, the State, through its institutions, provides protection and security to the population. Among these institutions, we can cite Social Security, which benefits limited sectors of the population with the aim of maintaining a stable workforce. It was in 1968 that rural workers and their families were taken into account, receiving benefits through the Peasant Social Security Pilot Plan.Item El impacto de la innovación local y la tecnología importada en el crecimiento económico de América Latina (2000-2023): Un análisis empírico basado en patentes, inversión en I+D e importaciones tecnológicas(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, 2025-12-22) Gualán Sozoranga, Juan Ricardo; Quezada Quezada, Johanna Raquel; Cabrera Barbecho, Fanny NarcisaThis study analyzes the impact of endogenous and exogenous innovation on economic growth of fourteen Latin American countries during the period 2000-2023, using data from the World Bank, World Intellectual Property Organization, and Network for Science and Technology Indicators, and applying a Seemingly Unrelated Regression model to capture the simultaneous relationship between innovation and growth. The results show that endogenous innovation, measured by R&D spending, has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, although it is conditioned by structural factors such as human capital and technological absorption capacity, while patent applications are not statistically relevant due to the low level and concentration of patenting in the region. Exogenous innovation, represented by technology imports, has a positive and highly significant impact, constituting the main route to productive modernization in the short term. In addition, a bidirectional relationship between innovation and growth is confirmed, in which economic development drives investment in R&D and technology acquisition, which in turn feed back into growth. In conclusion, both modalities are fundamental, although with different time horizons.Item Determinantes espaciales de la aglomeración de la población con educación terciaria en Ecuador(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Jara Jarrín, Joseline Juliana; Vega Alvarez, Diego Reinaldo; Cordero Méndez, Fabián PatricioThis article examines the spatial concentration of individuals with third-level education in Ecuador's cantons for the year 2023 and analyzes the main socioeconomic, educational, and demographic factors driving this agglomeration. The study is based on demographic information from the 2022 CENSUS and the 2023 National Employment and Unemployment Survey (ENEMDU) provided by INEC, the State Attorney General's Office and SENESCYT. Based on the hypothesis that qualified human capital tends to concentrate in cantons that offer better living conditions and greater development opportunities, exploratory spatial analysis tools, Markov chains and a set of spatial econometric models (SAR, SEM, SDM, among others) are used to understand this national migration phenomenon. The results indicate that university infrastructure and labor income are determining factors in explaining the spatial agglomeration of qualified human capital, while the simulation with Markov chains reflects the existence of centralized migration trends of professionals from less developed provinces to cantons in the provinces of Azuay, Tungurahua, Pichincha and Guayas.Item Jóvenes NiNi en Ecuador: Un análisis de sus características principales, heterogeneidades y transiciones en las principales ciudades(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-07) Arce Maldonado, Erika Vanessa; Loja Villalta, Alfredo Alexander; Mendieta Muñoz, Luis RodrigoThe NEET phenomenon (young people who neither study nor work) represents a global challenge that especially affects Latin America, including Ecuador, where 19.8% of young people between 15 and 29 years of age belong to this group. This article analyzes the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that affect this group, as well as the existing internal heterogeneities, since the literature defines three subgroups: Active (in search of employment), Inactive (economically inactive) and Pure (without activity or search). For this purpose, data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU) for the period 2007-2023 were used, together with the application of binary and multiple choice econometric models, corrected by selective truncation using the Heckman method, to differentiate the NEET’s subgroups. It was concluded that low-income women with less education are more likely to belong to this group, with a higher incidence in urban areas and among vulnerable groups such as Afro- Ecuadorians; additionally, this probability is reduced when residing in provincial capitals, while receiving the Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) increases it. Regarding the subcategories, it is evident that the Inactive is composed of indigenous and married women, mainly exercising domestic roles, while the Active is characterized by single men who generally face barriers in the labor market and educational system.Item La retribución salarial de obtener un título en el mercado laboral de Ecuador con base en la teoría de la señalización(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-05-02) Calderón Mogrovejo, Daniela Alejandra; Contreras Calle, Christian Ronaldo; Mendoza Valencia, César AndrésThis article analyzes the monetary return of obtaining an educational degree and the income- education relationship in the Ecuadorian labor market from 2018 to 2021. The ENEMDU database is used to carry out the study, using the Mincer equation and interaction variables by educational level, from a gender perspective and at the regional level. The results show that the so-called "Degree Effect" (which refers to the economic valuation of academic degrees) is significant; in the case of women, they obtain greater economic benefits compared to men when their level of education is lower than university level; however, when they have a third level degree, men obtain a significantly higher return than women. In addition, using the spouse's schooling as an instrumental variable to improve the precision of the estimates, similar trends are verified.Item El índice de desempeño macroeconómico en el Ecuador para el periodo 2001-2020. Cálculo y proyecciones bajo el análisis factorial dinámico(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-08-02) Pesántez Villacís, María Belén; Pozo Rodríguez, Santiago EstuardoThe following article aims to estimate a synthetic Macroeconomic Performance Index (MPI) for Ecuadorian economy, using quarterly data of 23 variables for the 2001 to 2020 period. The proposal is developed based on the methodology of Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA), in which the results reveal that the estimated index represents a valid measure to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of the country, due to the fact that it correctly captures the accelerations and decelerations that the economy has experienced during the analyzed period. In fact, it is observed that this indicator has a strong correlation with the year-on-year growth rate of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Additionally, the results indicate that the most relevant variables in MPI’s determination are private consumption, gross fixed capital formation, demand deposits and the price of the barrel of oil. On the other hand, the changing regimes model of Markov-Switching detects three periods of recession in Ecuadorian economy, which are directly related to the global financial crisis, the international drop in oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. This model also indicates that the stages of expansion last more than the stages of contraction; however, the latter ones have a stronger effect in economy. Finally, MPI has been utilized to obtain a forecast of GDP’s growth in the next three yearsItem Control financiero en la empresa industrial(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Administrativas, 1970-02-11) Arias Morocho, GerardoItem Determinantes de la pobreza multidimensional en el Ecuador y sus interrelaciones. Una aproximación a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para los años 2009 y 2016(2018) Bigoni Ordóñez, Marisol; Mendoza Cajilima, Jorge Marcelo; Cordero Méndez, Fabián PatricioThe purpose of this paper is to identify the fundamental determinants of multidimensional poverty and its interrelations, incorporating variables that are not exclusively economic, but also factors that account for the socio-economic situation of each individual or household, from a series of deprivations at the multidimensional level. To this end, empirical evidence is generated for the years 2009 and 2016, based on information provided by the National Survey of employment, unemployment and underemployment-ENEMDU, presented by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses-INEC, using as a technical tool the structural equation modeling (SEM), being an extension of several techniques multivalent. Based on the empirical results, this tool has allowed design diagrams causal path between variables multidimensional determinants of poverty, as well as to establish the magnitude of the relationship between factors. In addition, analyzes its scope and robustness, focusing on the challenges of the information used and in the methodological issues involved in their construction and estimation. Finally, we discuss the different advantages and limitations when using this method, as a mechanism for the design of public policy formulation with improvement to reduce multidimensional poverty.Item Embarazo adolescente y su impacto sobre el logro educacional y laboral en el ecuador. Periodo 2011 – 2012(2015) Avila Palchizaca, Edisson Fernando; Loja Pacheco, Cristian Germán; Cordero Méndez, Fabián PatricioThis study analyzes the impact of teenage pregnancy on years of education attained by women, work experience measured by years of work, working hours and salary earned. For this purpose, the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGHUR) 2011-2012 is used, where the object of study are all those mothers between the ages of 20-49 years. The technique used in this study is the Propensity Score Mattching and negative effects of pregnancy on the outcome variables are determined.Item Importancia de la agricultura y ganaderia en las economías campesinas de Ludo y Taday(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Facultad de Agricultura, 1993) Peñafiel Flores, Giovanny; Orellana Sarmiento, Enrique; Calle Vallejo, Teodoro; Achig Subía, LucasItem Auditoría de las empresas industriales(1973-05-11) Pesántez Córdova, GermánLa finalidad que persigue toda empresa, es la de obtener beneficios a través de sus diferentes transacciones económicas, para el cumplimiento correcto de esos fines previstos, los dueños o personas encargadas recurren a todos los medios disponibles a su alcance para llegar a la meta,' el método de mayor alcance en que puede incurrir una empresa para comprobar que todas las transacciones económicas han sido correctamente llevadas,y que sus fines previstos se alcanzaron o van por camino recto, es ”LA AUDITORIA DE LAS EMPRESAS"Item Problemas y perspectivas de la organización del campesinado de la provincia del Azuay y su integración al desarrollo socio-económico nacional. Caso de las parroquias de: San Juan, Sta. Ana, Sidcay, Zhidmad y Octavio Cordero. 1975-1981(1983) Polo Palacio, María Elena; Rodas Izquierdo, María Elizabeth; Dután Narváez, JorgeItem La Política petrolera en el Ecuador durante el periodo 1984-1987, un enfoque de política económica(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1988) Pacheco Vásquez, René Leonardo; Vázquez Moreno, Carlos Enrique; Gallegos Hermida, HugoItem El Sector agropecuario y la política crediticia: Evolución, Situación actual y perspectivas periodo 1980-1987(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1988) Muñoz, Oswaldo; Méndez, Ricardo; Quizhpe Guzmán, CarlosItem La política petrolera en el Ecuador 1972-1978(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1981-11-11) Zamora D., Jenny; Torres R., Bertha; Dávila A., Teresa; Pacheco Prado, LucasItem Papel de las políticas de estabilización en América Latina(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1981) Serrano Ledesma, Bolívar; Alvarado Vintimilla, ClaroItem El papel del estado en el desarrollo agrícola del Ecuador(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1981-11-11) Serrano Vintimilla, MónicaItem La Exportación de la tilapia como alternativa económica rentable, período 1995-2002(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, 2002) Calle M., Amada; Varela E., Luis David; Jaramillo Orellana, CarlosItem Producción y exportación de caracol en la provincia del Azuay 2001-2011(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2002) Bernal Vimos, Jorge; Calle Vallejo, TeodoroItem Plan de desarrollo binacional en economía de la salud para Huaquillas y Aguas Verdes a partir del Acuerdo de Paz(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, 2003) Castillo C., Enrique; Peña Cordero, Genaro