Laboratorio Clínico-Pregrado
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Item FRECUENCIA DE ANTICUERPOS ANTI PÉPTIDOS CITRULINADOS POSITIVOS EN PACIENTES DEL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO, PERIODO 2023(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-27) Quizhpi Sibri, Luis Fernando; Reinoso Quizhpi, Angelica Magali; Idrovo Condo, Daniel FernandoRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the joints and can lead to disability. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) are key serological markers in the early diagnosis and prognosis of RA. In Ecuador, studies on the prevalence of these antibodies are limited, making it difficult to adequately characterize the disease in the population. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of anti-CCP-positive antibodies in patients treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2023. An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in patients treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2023. The study population consisted of patients who underwent anti-citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody testing. Simple random sampling was used to ensure the representativeness of the results. This information was obtained from the clinical laboratory area of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, which provided an anonymized database from the computer system. The frequency of positive anti-CCP antibodies in patients at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in 2023 was 16.3% (IC: 95%), with a predominance in women, older adults, and the rural population, especially those with a primary education level. All positive cases had a disease duration of more than six months, evidencing detection in established phases of the disease and highlighting the importance of clinical laboratories as a key diagnosis support tool in rheumatoid arthritis.Item CARCINOMA DE TIROIDES EN PACIENTES DE 20 – 40 AÑOS ATENDIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL DEL RÍO, CUENCA 2021 - 2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-26) Vera Campoverde, Paulina Nicole; Garcés Chiriboga, Katherine GabrielaThyroid carcinoma is one of the most frequent endocrine neoplasms, worldwide and, according to GLOBOCAN 2020 data, it ranks among then ten most frequent cancers globally. In recent years, its diagnosis has shown a progressive increase, particularly among young adults. The main histological types include papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma, with papillary carcinoma being the most frequent, as well as having a better prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in patients aged 20 – 40 years treated at Hospital del Río, Cuenca 2021 – 2024. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted, in which anonymized data were collected from 41 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy during the established period. The information was recorded in data collection form designed for the study and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive and statistical analysis. Tue results showed that 41.46% of the patients were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma, with a predominance in females, individuals living in urban areas, and papillary carcinoma as the most frequent histological type.Item Parámetros analíticos de laboratorio clínico prequirúrgicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal electiva en el Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño Cuenca-Ecuador, 2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-25) Arenillas Guanoquiza, Elvis Gabriel; Campozano Chica, Melani Luciana; Cevallos Guamancela, Alvaro JavierPotential causes of poor surgical wound healing that are not identified during the preoperative stage represent an ongoing issue in clinical practice. This is frequently associated with inadequate evaluation of laboratory parameters. In the United States of America, surgical site healing complications occur in approximately 2% of patients. The objective of this research is to determine preoperative Clinical Laboratory analytical parameters and describe their alterations and postoperative course in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery at the Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño, Cuenca- Ecuador, in 2024. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional design was employed, using anonymized clinical forms of patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery at the Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño in 2024. Data were tabulated and presented using Excel software. The results showed that 25.10% of patients presented some type of postoperative complication, and only 0.41% had a complication related to wound healing, specifically dehiscence. The main early postoperative complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery were metabolic ileus (24.59%) and hematoma/hemorrhage (18.03%). The main late postoperative complications were seroma (29.51%) and surgical site infection (11.48%). The preoperative laboratory parameters most frequently altered in patients with postoperative complications were leukocytes, showing leukocytosis (>10*10^3/uL), commonly observed preoperatively in seroma, serositis, surgical site infection, and venous stasis. C-reactive protein was also elevated (>0.6 mg/dL), frequently observed preoperatively in seroma, metabolic ileus, surgical site infection, and venous stasis. Hemoglobin levels were decreased (<14.5 g/dL), commonly observed prior to surgery in dehiscence, bladder distension, hematoma/hemorrhage, and venous stasis.Item Frecuencia de cándida SPP. en pacientes con estomatitis subprotésica que acuden a la clínica odontológica de la Facultad de Odontología. Cuenca, 2025(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-24) León Ortega, Ariel Julian; Pulla León, Mishelle Verónica; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna SolmayraBackground: Inadequate use of removable dental prostheses favors the development of denture stomatitis and Candida spp. infections, a mycosis of public health relevance due to its high prevalence and the increasing emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains, which compromises therapeutic efficacy. Objective: To determine the frequency of Candida spp. in patients with denture stomatitis attending the dental clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cuenca, 2025. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the species causing the infection, evaluate their antifungal activity, and analyze their association with the study variables. The study population consisted of all samples collected during the established period. Results: Of the 50 patients, 68% tested positive for Candida spp., with a predominance in females (57.9%). Candida albicans was the most frequently identified species (44.74%), particularly in the elderly group (86.84%) and in Grade I lesions (81.58%). All isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. dubliniensis were susceptible to fluconazole, while C. glabrata showed dose-dependent susceptibility in all cases. Conclusion: A high frequency of denture stomatitis associated with Candida spp. was observed, with C. albicans as the predominant species, mainly affecting females, older adults, and Grade I lesions. Regarding antifungal response, the isolated species demonstrated susceptibility to fluconazole, although C. glabrata exhibited dose-dependent susceptibility.Item CONOCIMIENTOS EN LAS PRÁCTICAS DE BIOSEGURIDAD DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE LABORATORIO CLÍNICO - UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA. SEPTIEMBRE - NOVIEMBRE 2025(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-19) Siranaula Pasato, Miguel Alejandro; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny CarolaBiosafety comprises standards and procedures aimed at protecting healthcare personnel, patients, and the environment from biological, chemical, and physical hazards; it is essential for preventing accidents and the transmission of infections. Despite the existence of national and international regulations, compliance may vary, especially among students in training; therefore, it is necessary to assess their level of knowledge in order to identify gaps and guide reinforcement actions. The objective of this study was to determine knowledge of biosafety practices among students in the Clinical Laboratory Program at the University of Cuenca during the September 2025–February 2026 academic term. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students enrolled during that term (n=152), using non-probability sampling. Data were collected through a survey developed for this research, reviewed by expert judgment, and pilot-tested. For interpretation, the total score was converted into a percentage using the formula (score obtained/maximum score) × 100 and classified according to Bloom’s cut-off points as low (<60%), moderate (60.0–79.99%), and high (≥80%). Based on this classification, the moderate level predominated (55.9%), followed by the high level (44.1%). Strengths were identified in sample handling and response to accidents/incidents (99.3% high level in both), as well as in the management of supplies and waste (90.1%) and the safe disposal of contaminated material (90.8%). In contrast, the main gaps were observed in handwashing (56.6% low level), use and handling of PPE (29.0% low level), and cleaning/disinfection (14.5% low level), indicating priority areas for reinforcement and supervision.Item Frecuencia del antígeno Du en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2021-2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-10) Zhiña Barahona, Kevin Leandro; Guaman Panjon, Dayana Lorena; Baculima Tenesaca, José MauricioBackground: There is a wide variety of blood systems, one of the main ones being Rh, which is one of the most complex and immunogenic in transfusion medicine. Since its discovery, various studies have been conducted to understand it. The discovery of the D variant has become increasingly important due to the consequences it can cause when present. Objective: To determine the frequency of the Du antigen in donors at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital Blood Bank, Cuenca 2021-2024. Methodology: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional cohort study; data were obtained from the anonymized database of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital Blood Bank. The information was analyzed in simple and crosstabulated tables with percentage values and frequencies; statistical tools such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2021 were used. Results: The study variables were: Du antigen, sex, age, origin, blood group, and C, c, E, and e phenotypes. The frequency of the Du antigen was 1.7%. The variant predominated in males (75%) and in donors between 26 and 45 years of age, with a higher origin from the province of Azuay (87.5%). The antigen showed a greater association with blood group O (75%). In Rh phenotyping, the constant presence of the c and e antigens (100%) and the C + E- combination (62.5%) stood out. The results underscore the need to maintain strict protocols for detecting the Du antigen to ensure transfusion safety. The importance of correctly classifying carrier donors as Rh positive and recipients as Rh negative is confirmed in order to mitigate the risk of hemolytic reactions and alloimmunization.Item Alteración del cortisol en pacientes atendidos en el área de endocrinología del hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2023-2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-06) Sacaquirin Jiménez, María Viviana; Romero Estrella, Erika Pamela; Gutiérrez León, Yomaira YolandaBackground: Cortisol is an essential steroid hormone for maintaining physiological homeostasis, regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and modulated by stress, circadian rhythm, and metabolic factors. Alterations in serum cortisol levels lead to severe clinical conditions, such as hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome) and hypocortisolism (Addison’s disease), which present with multiple clinical manifestations. However, their clinical presentation is often nonspecific, making timely identification and diagnosis difficult.Objective: To determine alterations in cortisol levels in patients attended at the Endocrinology Department of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca, during the period 2023–2024. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted using an anonymized database. Variables such as age, sex, place of residence, and serum cortisol levels were analyzed. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Alterations in cortisol levels were classified as hypocortisolism or hypercortisolism according to established reference values. Results: A total of 111 cases with altered cortisol levels were identified, with a predominance of hypocortisolism (70.27%), mainly among females (42.34%). The 20–64-year age group showed the highest frequency of cortisol alterations, including both hypocortisolism (27.93%) and hypercortisolism (22.52%). Most patients with cortisol alterations were from urban areas (38.74%); however, a significant proportion also came from rural areas (31.53%), suggesting a possible influence of environmental and lifestyle factors on hormonal regulation.Item DETERMINACIÓN DEL ÍNDICE HOMA-IR EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA SEPTIEMBRE - NOVIEMBRE 2025(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-03) Tapia Gutiérrez, Wendi Anabel; Herrera Segovia, Lisbeth Alexandra; Gutiérrez León, Yomaira YolandaThe Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index is a tool used to estimate insulin resistance through a calculation based on fasting glucose and insulin levels. This metabolic alteration has become increasingly frequent and is associated with the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Latin America, the estimated prevalence of insulin resistance reaches 46.5%. Among university students, factors such as physical inactivity, inadequate diet, and academic stress increase the risk of developing this condition, highlighting the importance of early detection.The aim of this study was to determine the HOMA-IR index in students of the Clinical Laboratory degree at the University of Cuenca during the period September–November 2025. A descriptive study was conducted among students enrolled between September 2025 and February 2026 who agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine serum glucose and insulin levels and to calculate the HOMA-IR index. In addition, a survey was administered to collect personal and anthropometric data. Among the 128 students evaluated, 12.5% presented insulin resistance and 16.4% showed suspected insulin resistance according to the HOMA-IR index. The highest proportion of cases was observed in females and in the 18–20-year age group. A statistically significant association was found between the HOMA-IR index and sex, as well as academic semester, but not with age, body mass index, or family history. In conclusion, an important frequency of insulin resistance was identified, particularly among women.Item Actividad antifúngica in-vitro del aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus en cepas de Candida spp aisladas de secreciones vaginales en el Hospital del Río. Cuenca Enero - Agosto 2025(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-03) Nieves Cazorla, Andrea Leonela; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna SolmayraBackground: Vulvovaginal candidiasis, caused by yeast of the genus Candida spp., constitutes one of the most common infections in women of reproductive age. Recurrence, variable therapeutic response, and increasing antifungal resistance complicate conventional management and encourage the search for complementary alternatives, including essential oils. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against Candida spp., strains isolated from vaginal secretions at Hospital Universitario del Río (Río University Hospital), Cuenca, during the period January–August 2025. Methods: Descriptive and quasi-experimental in vitro study. Recording technique: 50 Candida spp. strains from the Hospital Universitario del Río strain bank were included and registered using a data collection form. Experimental technique: the antifungal activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was assessed by disk diffusion at concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, according to the Duraffourd scale. Analytical technique: descriptive statistics and overall comparison among concentrations were applied, considering statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil demonstrated inhibitory activity against the evaluated Candida spp. strains, with formation of inhibition halos that varied according to concentration and showed statistically significant overall differences. Conclusions: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against Candida spp., providing relevant evidence under the evaluated conditions. To support its potential projection as a complementary agent, further studies are recommended to strengthen methodological standardization and characterize its safety profile prior to clinical extrapolation.Item FRECUENCIA DE CÁNCER COLORRECTAL POR ESTUDIO ANATOMOPATOLÓGICO EN BIOPSIAS ENDOSCÓPICAS DE PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO, CUENCA 2023- 2024(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-28) Vega López, Javier Alejandro; Orellana Villazhañay, Esteban Leonardo; Auquilla Díaz, Nancy EulaliaBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant neoplasms with the highest incidence in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2023 it ranked as the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy, with a total of 153,020 new cases, being significantly more common in men than in women. In the same year, in Ecuador, according to data from the National Tumor Registry, colorectal cancer ranked third in frequency, with approximately 1,123 new cases. Objective: To determine the frequency of colorectal cancer based on histopathological analysis of endoscopic biopsies from patients treated at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca, 2023–2024. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using a sample of 111 histopathological reports. Data were collected using standardized forms from the anonymized database of the Pathology Laboratory at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. The information was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0. Results: The frequency of CRC was 9.9%, and premalignant lesions accounted for 31.5% of the study population. When these findings were correlated with sociodemographic variables, the disease affected both sexes equally and showed a predominance in the older adult group. Regarding place of residence, most positive cases corresponded to patients from urban areas.Item FRECUENCIA DE INFECCION DE VIAS URINARIAS EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS PROVINCIA DEL AZUAY. DEPARTAMENTO DE GINECO OBSTETRICIA DEL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO 2006(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2006) Tixi González, Jhovanna Natali; Torres, MarthaItem RIESGOS BIOLÓGICOS Y QUÍMICOS A LOS QUE ESTÁN EXPUESTOS EL PERSONAL DE LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DEL HOSPITAL JOSÉ CARRASCO ARTEAGA. IESS CUENCA 2006(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2006) Sánchez Torres, Pedro; Palacios Barros, Carlos; Narváez Astudillo, Carlos; Cabrera Vicuña, JoséItem VALORACIÓN DE UREA SÉRICA PRE Y POST DIÁLISIS Y Kt/V EN PACIENTES CON INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRÓNICA EN LA UNIDAD DE NEFROLOGÍA EN EL HOSPITAL DEL IESS, MAYO 2006(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2006) Naranjo, Carmen; Ortíz, Wendy; Álvarez, MaríaItem RAZONES POR LAS QUE EL USUARIO DEL BANCO DE SANGRE DE LA CRUZ ROJA DEL AZUAY SE REALIZA LA DETERMINACION DEL HIV EN SUERO. CUENCA 2006(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2006) Méndez Calle, Carlos; Cabrera Vicuña, JoséItem NIVELES DE CALCIO EN SUERO DE PACIENTES DE LA TERCERA EDAD. DEL SERVICIO SOCIAL DEL IESS. CUENCA 2006(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2006) Espinosa, Filomena; Moreno Z., Lorena; Ulloa Y., Lilia; Torres, MarthaItem PREVALENCIA DE INFECCIÓN DE VíAS URINARIAS POR DETERMINACIÓN DE NITRITOS Y CULTIVOS DE ORINA EN PACIENTES DEL SEXO FEMENINO DE CONSULTA EXTERNA DEL HOSPITAL "JOSÉ CARRASCO ARTEAGA" 2OOO -2OO1(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2002) Chávez, Janina; Matínez, Silvia; Pérez, Silvia; Torres, MarthaItem FRECUENCIA DB ROTAVIRUS EN MENORES DE 5 AÑOS CON DIARREA AGUDA. CUENCA,2002(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2002) Cuesta , Rocío; Álvarez, Ximena; Ortíz, Lorena; Pacurucu, Felipe; Galindo, Thelmo; Cabrera, JoséItem Aplicación del Laboratorio Clínico en la Comunidad de Hornapala - Deleg 1996(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1997) Márquez Lanche, Maricela Magaly; Mejia Villazhañay, Nancy del Rocio; Quezada C., Cecilia del Rosario; Cañizares Aguilar, Aurelio Ernesto; Torres, MarthaItem Identificación de Neisseria Gonorrhoeae en mujeres de alto riesgo, mediante técnicas microbiológias. Dirección Provincial de Salud del Azuay. Cuenca 1993(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1993-11-11) Macías S., Eduardo; Ramírez Jaramillo, Richard; Galindo Banegas, Telmo Benjamín; Campoverde Arévalo, Nicolás LucianoVenereal diseases, also known as social diseases, are closely linked to human sexual behavior, as their transmission primarily occurs through sexual intercourse. The greater the indiscriminate sexual activity, the higher the risk of contagion. Young individuals, when beginning their sexual experiences without proper sexual education, are more vulnerable to these diseases. In many cases, they resort to inadequate treatments, such as those provided by unqualified practitioners or empirical methods, which exacerbates the situation. Currently, there is an alarming increase in diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea, particularly among individuals aged 15 to 24. The gonorrhea rate in urban areas with populations over 100,000 is 610 per 100,000 people, while in rural areas it is significantly lower. Gonorrhea was first identified by Albert Ludwig Neisser in 1879 and cultivated by Leistikow in 1882. Although it has been overshadowed in public awareness by diseases like Chlamydia, genital herpes, and HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea remains an important disease, causing serious complications. The gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), responsible for gonorrhea, is a gram-negative diplococcus that persists as an indicator of unsafe sexual behavior and a risk factor for HIV transmission.Item Prevalencia de parasitosis en los orfelinatos de la ciudad de Cuenca 1989(Universidad de Cuenca, 1989-11-11) Ortega R., Gloria; Peralta C., Henry; Muñoz, Juan