2015
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Item Salud integral y derechos del adulto mayor. Estudio en la comunidad de Maluay - El Valle(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Soliz Rivero, GardeniaThe 6.5% of the Ecuadorian population are elderly, died about 34,000 each year. Their welfare is a political and social concern, but their rights are often violated by a society living their daily lives in fighting stronger and forget to reach out to the stars of the past, who show a negative impact on your overall health. Sectional study of 40 seniors Maluay community (95.2%) with comprehensive health was assessed through the MSP application forms. Documentaries and direct observation techniques were applied. Most are women between 65 and 74 years, mean 69.5 years, illiterate / as (93%) with no activity or engaged in fieldwork and no drinking water. Their conditions are affected by chronic degenerative diseases that confers some degree of disability. At risk of malnutrition (73%), cognitive impairment (65%), almost half with some difficulty with balance and gait. Although they are independent in basic activities of daily living, need some help in instrumental activities. Socially are accepted (78%). The quality of life of older adults, especially in rural areas is not appropriate despite the support of public policies. Knowledge of risk factors and needs to develop prevention strategies and promoting a holistic approach should be the priority in public health, as we go through a transition that addresses the emerging risks associated with industrialization, urbanization and population aging.Item Anemia infantil y entrega de micronutrientes. Cuenca Ecuador 2015. Estudio de prevalencia(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Lasso Lazo, Rubén; Chacón Abril, Karla Lorena; Segarra Ortega, José Xavier; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de LourdesA cross-sectional research, developed during January to July 2015 in children assessed in Subcentro Salud “Sinincay” whose age rank was 6 to 60 months, determined the prevalence of anemia and its relation with micronutrients intake. Evaluated for five employed medical teams who had received a training course before, the population was of 737 children. Measuring haemoglobin levels using HemoCue ® and blood samples, anemia was established comparing with the cut-off points derived from WHO. Furthermore, the supplementation intake was recorded in a specific medical record called SIVAN. From 737 children, 47.6% belonged to the female sex and 52.4% were boys, the mean-age rank was of 32.24±15.06DS. The study yielded that 30.9% had anemia, 47.8% had received iron or powdered iron (iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate and zinc) and 46.5% had taken vitamin A. We found a significant relation between anemia and male (CI: 95%: 1.0-1.3; p=0.018), lacking of Vitamin A intake (CI: 95%: 1.01-1.33; p=0.022). Results should lead us to evaluate and oversee the supplementation in local communities’ services.Item América en El Quijote(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Encalada Vásquez, OswaldoThe second part of The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote appears in 1615 - 400 years ago; the first had appeared a decade earlier. In this masterful novel, the best of many ever written, and which is also the beginning of the modern novel, we find very few cases of references to the American continent, place where Cervantes wanted to migrate with the intention - like all Spaniards of his time - to better the wealth. Cervantes did not come to America; but the new world is present in his monumental work, through brief allusions. In homage to the fourth centenary of the famous novel, we outline this brief approach to the American presence in the Cervantino story.Item Crisis y surgimiento de la filosofía latinoamericana: el cuestionamiento de A. Salazar Bondy(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Hernández Alvarado, JoaquínThis article states that the liberation philosophy, which started during the seventies and was current in Latin America in the last century until the middle nineties arose from the 1968 theoretical questioning of the Peruvian philosopher Augusto Salazar Bondy. Starting from the theory of dependence and from the history of ideas, Salazar pointed out the lack of identity, originality and authenticity in the region’s philosophy. He was, however, philosophically dependent on conscience as the subject of the philosophical and epistemological process. Thus, the validity of Salazar’s questioning reflected the mirror quality of conscience. Liberation philosophy became exhausted by the crisis of conscience.Item Tolerancia cultural en la jurisprudencia constitucional ecuatoriana. El caso de los pueblos Waorani y Taromenane(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) García Torres, Carlos EduardoThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of Ecuador is dealing with new issues, derived from the recent constitutional recognition of ancestral peoples and cultures. The legal frame of the state seems to be not related to the ancient juridical practices of those peoples. Indeed there are several judicial cases in which are clear confrontations between two juridical systems. The Constitution recognizes the existence of a legal pluralism in Ecuador and gives equal value to the indigenous law and the indigenous justice in front of the system of justice of the State. So a new intercultural vision is needed. This new perspective is revised from the point of view of the toleration and of a remarkable case that involves two indigenous communities.Item Determinación de anomalías causadas a las propiedades físicas, químicas e hidrofísicas, en los suelos de páramo en el sur del Ecuador, ocasionadas por alteraciones antrópicas(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Ramírez Matamoros, Marco Tulio; Cisneros Espinoza, Pedro JoséThere is 48% increase of DA in Andosols, that are subjected to intense agricultural activity (Buerán) and greenhouse (Quimsacocha). In intensive farming with improved pastures (27%). And in soils plowed by tractor (Cancan) there exist an increase of 8% in one year. The Ks is greater in disturbed sites (10-83%). Moisture saturation (pF0) exceeds 80% in unchanged Andosols, with exception of Cancan (67%), what could be explained by high DA (0.86 g cm-3), plowed fields in Cancan show the lowest values of 65%, in the other altered sites it´s <80%. Agricultural activity in Buerán causes a reduction of: 13% volumetric content at pF0, 22% at pF 2.7 and 37% at pF 4.2. With exception of altered soils: Cancan and Cajas increase 19% at pF 4.2. The reduction of the total water content, among the witnesses vs disturbed sites, show significant differences (p = 0.0004) with 29%. The parameters hydro physical ACP, the first component consists of DA, negatively correlated with MO and pF-2.7, this component explains 77% of the variance. The MO has a high correlation with DA (R =- 0.71), P=0.003. The MO reduced 31% in one year, after plowing with tractor in cancan. SB increases 50% at sites where they apply fertilizers or amendments. The content of Ca is higher (50-87%). ACP for chemical variables, the component 1 explains 52% of variance and consists of: SB, Ca, negatively correlated with C, N and CIC. The second component explains 23%, corresponds to the pH, negatively correlated with Al+H.Item La meseta de Pachamama y sus áreas de influencia: aportes arqueológicos para el austro(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Novillo, Miguel Angel; Vargas, Juan PabloThe following article describes and characterizes archaeological materials recovered from the Pachamama plateau and surrounding areas with the intention of discussing and contributing new conceptual theories in order to understand the establishment of prehispanic societies in the Ecuadorian Austro region. This area of study can be explained through geological, geographic and archaeological data, which contributes to from the favorable climate for the development of flora and fauna as well as due to the water source that is a permanent feature of the whole meseta. The noticeable characteristic throughout the different times in which this area was occupied is that dirt road and track systems were built, connecting on area with another, leading to the construction of a traffic network cross the region. Finally, it suggests the employment of unifying tactics such as food and festival in a territory that was constantly in dispute. This makes the plateau region Pachamama an archaeological sight of interest in the south of country.Item La regeneración urbana como solución a los problemas urbanos ¿solución real o espejismo? algunas evidencias a partir de la ciudad de Machala(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Prada-Trigo, JoséThe urban regeneration policies have taken place in several cities in Ecuador in response to problems that had been dragging for decades (land invasions, lack of services, the absence of planning). Some cities like Guayaquil or Machala, have made their hallmark from urban regeneration, identifying a particular political model with these interventions. Although it is undeniable the change achieved in the appearance of the city, the effectiveness and even the attention to social problems in these areas is questionable. From this starting point, this paper investigates the effectiveness of the process of urban regeneration in Machala to improve the quality of life of the population beyond improving the urban environment. For this, a methodology that combines literature review with the use of statistics and in depth-surveys to some actors who know how these processes have taken place is used.Item El proyecto minero Cobre Mirador y su relación con el plan de ordenamiento territorial de la I. Municipalidad de El Pangui y El Plan Nacional del buen vivir (Sumak Kawsay)(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Cordero Farfán, María FernandaThe project “Cobre Mirador” is the first large scale mining operation in Ecuador. The same one is located at the south-east of the country, close to Zamora river valley in Zamora Chinchipe province, El Pangui Canton, adjacent to the ecuatorian-peruvian border. This mining operation, should be regulated by the ecuatorian Develop and Zoning Plan “Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (2011)”, developed by the Pangui municipality in concordance with the Good Life National Plan “Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (Sumak Kawsay)”. Meanwhile, this regulation is not happening, in the future we will not have any idea about the demographic consequences caused by the temporal and definitive immigration during the operation time by the transnational CRCC-Tongguan Investment Co; the activity will involve a change in the socioeconomic and culture dynamic, and a deficiency in the basic infrastructure ,as well. The lack of planning will have strong consequences like a wrong ground use and the environment deterioration.Item Herramientas para la producción y difusión del conocimiento a través de la Web 2.0(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Crespo Fajardo, José LuisThis article describes the benefits of the Social Web for the construction and diffusion of the products of the research activity. The e-tools, or tools of research 2.0, make it easier the search for documentation, the interrelationship between researchers, networking and sharing information and results. Therefore, the e-tools can be of two types: production and diffusion. The article suggests the desirability of implementing a research 2.0 technologies infrastructure at the University of Cuenca.Item Retos y perspectivas de la Educación Superior de cuarto nivel: hacia un modelo Institucional de Posgrado para la Universidad de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Pacheco Tobar, Esteban AlonsoThe current article presents a projection for Graduate Programs at the Universidad de Cuenca based on the analysis of the current condition and the challenges that are subject to the universities. Here, the main issues on globalization and its effects on public policies, which influence the management of graduate programs, are considered as starting points. Additionally, relevant aspects of pertinence and evolution of graduate studies and their administration worldwide and the challenges that these kind of programs face are addressed. As a contribution to the analysis, elements for the development of a graduate institutional model considering: academic offerings with relevance, academic integration and internationalization, the strengthening of the quality, and the management are proposed with the purpose of encouraging the discussion and analysis and exchange of opinions that allow the construction of a graduate management institutional model for the Universidad de Cuenca within an integrated concept to knowledge generation and scientific production processes and individual and collective development. One of the main objectives of the present document is to strengthen and promote an offer of graduate programs highly competitive and fully connected to the productive and strategic sectors of our society.Item Prospectiva estratégica: variables, stakeholders y escenarios para la evaluación y acreditación(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Arias Chávez, DavidStrategic prospective is a methodology which keeps the support of the UNESCO , its purpose is to determine future scenarios with a relative probability of occurrence , for this reason , this tool has been considered to check the trend of the evaluation and accreditation process , based on the variables and actors that have an incidence in the macro process of learning ; which leads to catalyze the quality of higher education in Ecuador . In this French origin methodology, three Research Laboratory in Foresight, Strategy and Organization (LIPSOR ) softwares are used. The first system called MICMAC allows to analyze structurally 37 variables identified in the system of higher education, factors that are entered into matrices and provide visual information through planes of influence and dependence, in order to typify the different components. The IES are located in a transition period , this provokes several interested parties or stakeholders , influencing directly or indirectly from its macro or microenvironment , these elements are entered into the following system called MACTOR , software in which all actors involved in this research are processed and by convergences and divergences graphics are proceed to analyze them. Finally with the results of the previous two tools, simple probabilities , positive and negative conditionals are posed, which when transferred to SMIC PROB EXPERT software , generate based on the histogram of extremums , a graph which shows the different types of IES future scenarios, the system of higher education.Item Transformación curricular universitaria y su vinculación con la ciencia socialmente comprometida(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Márquez Rojas, Ana IsabelThe company of the knowledge expresses today the idea of that the knowledge is the force that stimulates the economic and social life. In this scene of the Company of the Knowledge to Global Scale, the knowledge is the product of the university occupation, therefore it plays a decisive paper for the construction of theories and policies at the social level. The System of University Education in Venezuela, across the Department of the Popular Power for the University Education Science and Technology (MPPEUCYT) comes developing a series of institutional policies orientated towards to gesticulate community. Taking in consideration the Popular Power, there being based in the beginning established in the Constitution of the Republic Bolivariana of Venezuela (CRBV) in the Law Plan of the Mother land (2013-2019) and in the Law of the Communes. A model of Science in which the investigation and the innovation are visualized as tools for the strengthening of the popular power and of the social emancipating processes and transformers of the company; an own liberating science adapted to the social realities in the communities. Actions that they have come materializing in the frame of the Plan of Strengthening of the Scientific, Technological Capacities of the University Institutions in the construction of a new scientific and industrial paradigm that answers to the requirements of a socially awkward science.Item Investigación y docencia. Nexos y beneficios mutuos(2015) Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime AsdrúbalSeveral factors are involved in the research and teaching relationship, although it seems obvious the link of these functions in the IES, this relationship is often hidden and is not used in the best way to get the most benefit. This document addresses the linkages and benefits that research brings to teaching and vice versa. The link between teaching and research is learning, because research is a process of learning itself. The aim of introducing aspects of the research activities in teaching is to significantly improve the results of both rather than to have a separate approach. The balance between these academic activities contributes to the training of students and teachers researchers and contributes to the development of society. Apart from the curricular content that can be strengthened by the results of research, one should consider all other aspects that research activities can support in teaching for students to develop other skills and abilities, and motivate them in continuing self-education.Item La maldición de la Universidad silenciosa. La educación superior en el debate de los temas generales(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Ayala Mora, EnriqueThe research paper aims to establish the specific conditions in which the relationship University/State/ society evolves, and the implications this has on the exercise of criticism from the academia. In the current situation of the country, which intends to establish a model of modernization reflected in higher education, it is necessary to reveal the mechanisms by which the University is functionalized to the authoritarian project, eliminating the critical dimension and the autonomy of the institutions and the system.Item De la higiene a la medicina social en la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-07) Cañizares Aguilar, Aurelio ErnestoIn the curriculum of the School of Medicine of the University of Cuenca, throughout history, there has been little emphasis on subjects or disciplines and related contents with Social Medicine (formerly conceived as Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health). Physicians have been educated with an individualistic view of health care, mainly with a clinical-surgical vision, and motivated to private practice. A hospital-based background has been the main scenario of their training. Medical education has been based on the social structure, the prevailing health system and market requirements. However, some encouraging milestones are recorded in the history of the Faculty, framed in the practice of social medicine, such as university extension programs, community medicine, rural health and others. The work of the Professor Edgar Rodas Andrade, in line with his leadership and way of thinking, is emphasized.Item Visionar una película: adaptación y deslindes entre el texto, el guión y la película(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-07) Torres Palchisaca, Galo AlfredoA series of misunderstandings and erroneous assumptions continue to impair the productivity of the viewing of a film. Watching a film, especially if it is the result of an adapted script, it is often accompanied by negative judgments by readers and viewers who are accustomed to the sterile habit of comparison. Against this comparative tendency, arises the need to dispose the preconception or unprejudiced viewing of films, which can be possible to attain through the discrediting of sterile comparisons by setting radical demarcations, even in the bosom of cinematographic adaptation, deriving out of two forms of representation or means of expression, notwithstanding they share components, they are by nature, verbally and visually different. This is not about seeking the novel in a film neither the film in a novel.Item Arte y vida cotidiana en Cuenca durante los siglos XVI al XVIII, una cercana relación(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-07) Martínez Borrero, JuanThe close relationships between daily life and the arts is examined in this paper with reference to Cuenca, a third order city in the Real Audiencia de Quito, between the 16th and the 18th centuries. The author defines the conditions of the city foundation and the growing demand for craftsmen and artists alike, whose work are destined to fulfill daily requirements more than to cover important religious commissions. Cuenca’s relative isolation provokes a growing offer of local goods, although prestige imported items are always present. The change in conditions during the 18th century drives the development of local artistic manifestations, closely related with daily life. Large and complex mural paintings with unique features will become an outstanding example of local artin the Andes.Item Hacia la expansión del comercio internacional de la empresa local: proupesta de un plan para el estudio de la competitividad en empresas exportadoras de productos terminados ubicadas en la ciudad de Guayaquil(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-07) Alcívar, Ana MaríaThe source of this article is the thesis developed by the author, which allowed her to obtain the degree of Master in Foreign Trade. The research addressed the issue of business and competitive management, which is trendy nowadays, especially for those companies who have vision and are looking to expand beyond local markets; and for those countries that consider primordial the integration processes, in an increasingly globalized, competitive and demanding world, where it stands and remains one that evolves with the rapid changes occurring in the global scope. The research question was: what factors influenced in the lack of identify indicators that allow to reliably studying the competitiveness of exporters of finished products? The overall objective of the research was to: Design a plan that allows studying using/through indicators, the competitiveness of the different exporter enterprises of finished products in Guayaquil. To develop this article, as reference, the pragmatic empiricism epistemology was taken, as it allowed a comprehensive approach to the object of study (business competitiveness). Seven models proposed business competitiveness through books, scientific papers and theses fourth level, as authors from Colombia and Mexico were analyzed. This study was a non-experimental, trans-descriptive, quantitative method design. One hypothesis with two variables; also the research techniques used were the documentary reviews and bibliographical documentations. The results are ordered from the statistical Cluster Method and helped to develop the proposed Competitiveness Plan for companies exporting finished products in Guayaquil from the following sectors: Processed Foods, Crafts, Automotive, Processed Cocoa product, Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Textiles - clothing - leather and footwear.Item La influencia de la familia en el dasarrollo del apego(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-07) Dávila, YolandaThe purpose of this article is to make a systematic review of the literature about the dynamics of the family and its influence on the development of attachment. To fulfill this objective, first the main theoretical concepts relevant to attachment, the types of attachment are presented and subsequently to this theoretical approach, the recent contributions on the different critical situations faced by the family and how these influence the development of attachment, will be reviewed.