Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

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    Absorción gas-líquido mezcla CO2 aire-agua
    (1991-11-11) Crespo Astudillo, Janneth; Jara Arévalo, Magaly; Peñafiel Ochoa, Raúl
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    Accidentes de trabajo en una empresa fabricante de llantas
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-05) Ortega Llivipuma, Michelle Vanessa; Paredes González, Arlett Deyanire; Jerves Mora, Rodrigo Saúl
    Objective: The objective of this academic essay is to identify the existing relationship between work experience whit the incidence of accidents and the burnout syndrome in the workplace, in a tire manufacturing company. Methodology: The matrix of accidents, incidents and first aid occurred during the period from 2017 to 2022 was obtained. Subsequently, a questionnaire focused on the collection of sociodemographic and labor variables in addition to the MBI was applied. Frequencies and percentages, descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, mean comparison, and independence tests were made in R. Results: The 52% of the accidents occurred due to unsafe conditions, highlighting the physical safety conditions. It was found a dependency relationship found between accidents, incidents and first aid with labor experience. The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 0.78%. There were statistical differences in the employment relationship, the moonlighting and labor experience in the dimension of emotional exhaustion. Regard the area of work, the employment relationship, the marital status and labor experience were the only ones that presented differences in depersonalization. It was also found that the work area is the only one that presented statistically significant differences respect to the personal fulfillment dimension. Finally, it was found a dependency relationship between the emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization with labor experience. Conclusions: The accidents, incidents and first aid occurred with a more incidence in workers with more labor experience. The emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization affected mainly to the workers who have more labor experience.
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    Aceptación y actitudes hacia las vacunas contra COVID-19 en cuidadores de niños entre las edades 5 - 12 años en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante el año 2022
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-04) Blandín Lituma, Paula Eliana; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath
    Background: Sars-CoV-2 is the causal agent of COVID-19, a virus that caused the global pandemic with 765 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths (Ndwandwe & Wiysonge, 2021). The need to understand the factors that are present in society and that caused vaccine hesitancy became a challenge during the pandemic, therefore; Several investigations have been dedicated to studying the opinions of caregivers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. Objectives: Determine the level of acceptance and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines by caregivers of children between the ages of 5 - 12 years in the city of Cuenca and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study with convenience sampling applied to caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 in the city of Cuenca (n=458). Results: The population surveyed is 458 participants, where an acceptance of 87,9% was obtained by the caregivers of children from 5 to 12 years old, variables such as gender and ease of vaccination; They were aspects that contributed to the acceptance of vaccines. Conclusions: Perceptions of the short protection period of the vaccines, the unreliable supply of vaccines that Ecuador was going to have contributed to the rejection; This is not the case with the ease of being able to vaccinate children, especially mothers whose predisposition to vaccinating their children is greater.
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    Actividad ansiolítica y antidepresiva de Coriandrum sativum: una revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-08) Espinoza Córdova, Rosario Magdalena; Guanoluisa Cordero, Karla Estefanía; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia
    Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), a member of the Apiaceae family, is among the most used medicinal plants and has important nutritional and medicinal properties, among which are anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The purpose of this titration work is to systematize the information on the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of Coriandrum sativum depending on the type of extract and the methodology used in the experimental trials reported in the scientific articles found through a bibliographic review in different digital databases. Where the effect produced was analyzed in comparison with the anxiolytic and/or antidepressant drug. The results showed that cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), with its main component which is linalool, in its essential oil form, has been shown to have similar effects to drugs such as benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Clonazepam) in the management of animal models (mice, zebras, fish) with induced anxiety, as well as with antidepressant medications such as fluoxetine, in rodents with depression. Concluding that Coriandrum sativum has demonstrated both anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in animal models, it is therefore suggested to undertake other experimental studies in preclinical phases with other models and clinical phases in humans.
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    Actividad anti-inflamatoria de los extractos de plantas medicinales empleados en el Austro Ecuatoriano en el modelo de Danio rerio
    (2013) Buestán Orellana, Andrea del Rocío; Guaraca Merchán, Anita Lucía; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia; León Tamariz, Fabián
    Ecuador is a mega-diverse country where plants are widely distributed and used by Ecuadorian people with different purposes, being the medicinal one the most common in our country. This abundance has enabled the widespread use of plants unfortunately, most without a prescription, or studies which support its safety or efficacy. The present research project was focus on the analysis of the pharmacological potential as anti-inflammatory products of the hydro-alcoholic and chloroform extracts from Matricaria recutita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aristeguietia glutinosa, Urtica urens, Cestrum sp, Cestrum aff. peruvianum, and Uncaria tomentosa using the zebrafish as a model (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish can be explained due to its genetic homology, physiological and pharmacological similarity on responds as humans. It is of particular importance to mention the fact that this research was based on previous experience of Dr. David Achig, regarding to the therapeutic use of various plants, according to concepts present in the traditional Chinese medicine. One objective of this particular research is to give scientific support to this ancient knowledge. For the present study, seven plants were selected according to Dr. Achig criteria and ethnomedical information. Plant samples were collected, botanically characterized, rinsed, dried, and stored until analysis. Hydro-alcoholic and chloroform extracts were obtained. The toxicity of obtained extracts was assayed on zebra fish larvae of 7 days post fertilization in order to determine the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC). Subsequently, in vivo assay was developed in order to evaluate the leukocyte migration and determine the extract anti-inflammatory activity. Statistical analysis was performed with the free software "R" version 2.15.2 64-bit, using ANOVA analysis and multiple comparison procedure Tukey. Results allowed us to conclude that hydroalcoholic and chloroform extracts of Matricaria recutita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aristeguietia glutinosa, Urtica urens, Cestrum sp, Cestrum aff. peruvianum, Uncaria tomentosa (leaves) and the hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa (stem herbal), exhibit anti-inflammatory activity like the positive control Piroxicam (Feldene ®). Hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa (mixture: herbal leaves and stem) and the chloroform extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (mixture: herbal leaves and stem), and Uncaria tomentosa (stem herbal) exhibit partial anti-inflammatory activity compared to the positive control Piroxicam (Feldene ®).
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    Actividad antibacteriana de aceites esenciales solos y en combinación con antibióticos sintéticos frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-08-29) Coronel Tenesaca, Mateo Sebastián; Piña Calle, Camila Estefanía; Moscoso Romo, María Paz
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the ESKAPE group, which includes the main bacteria classified as a priority in the development of new antimicrobial agents due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance. The production of biofilms and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are natural resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa against conventional pharmacotherapy. This bacterium has been linked to infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly those who are hospitalized, due to the development of biofilms on catheters, artificial respirators, or prosthetic devices. In this study, essential oils were obtained from two medical plants, Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) y Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) through hydro- distillation. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, using the broth microdilution method, and the potential synergism effect with conventional antibiotics was assessed using the checkerboard method. The results of this dissertation demonstrate that both essential oils have activity against the mentioned bacteria, with Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) essential oil an activity of 4096 μg/mL and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) at 1024 μg/mL. Regarding the synergism activity, Clinopodium nubigenum (tipo) essential oil and Ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic effect, with a reduction in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to 1/512 (8 μg/mL) and to 1/4 (0.03125 μg/mL) respectively. On the other hand, the data obtained from Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) essential oil showed an indifference effect with the antibiotic evaluated.
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    Actividad antifúngica e insecticida de macerado acuoso de plantas
    (2001) Aguirre Castro, Clara; Peña Rodas, Lorena; Astudillo Machuca, Adelina
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    Actividad antiinflamatoria e inmunoestimulante de dos especies del género Uncaria - revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-18) Chaca Maxi, Carolin Viviana; Naranjo Miranda, José Estuardo; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena; Goercke Torres, Sonia Amayra
    Introduction: Our organism triggers an inflammatory process as an initial and nonspecific response to physical, chemical or microbiological stimuli, in order to remedy and limit the injury or damage caused. The immune system acts as a defense mechanism against pathogens, generating a variety of cells and molecules specialized in recognizing and eliminating the harmful agent, so it is important to investigate the effects of Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis in antiinflammatory and immunostimulant treatments. Main Objective: To analyze current information, from 2015 to 2021, on compounds and metabolites with antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activity of two species of Uncaria genus. Methodology: Bibliographic review of documentary type; a total of 24 articles and publications were included; corresponding to the period between 2015 to 2021, the information search was carried out in databases such as ScienceDirect (ELSEVIER ®), PubMed, Scielo and through the Google Scholar search engine, information from previous years to those mentioned, non-original articles whose information and veracity is not clear were excluded. Results: Information was obtained about the extracts and compounds of U. tomentosa and U. guianensis, where metabolites such as alkaloids, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, etc., were reported, the anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant activity is attributed to the pentacyclic and tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids due to their action on the nervous and immune systems, with mitraphylline being the major alkaloid and the flavanol Kaempferitrin produced only in U. guianensis. The synergy of the metabolites in the two species has allowed obtaining a better therapeutic response, so it is recommended not to isolate them. In addition, extracts of U. tomentosa and U. guianensis with antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activity have been reported, mainly hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and alcoholic extracts. Conclusion: Due to the increase of inflammatory and immunological disorders worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries, this research proposes U. tomentosa and U. guianensis species as an important source of anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant compounds, of which oxindole alkaloids are considered responsible for these therapeutic actions. Therefore, it is recommended to study the development of new medicinal formulas based on plants that achieve the desired therapeutic objective, in addition to having less cytotoxicity with respect to more complex drugs and that are supportive in the treatment of various conditions of interest
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    Actividad antioxidante del extracto metanólico y de las fracciones de Desmodium molliculum obtenidas por el método de partición líquido-líquido
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-24) Pizarro Rosas, Paola Michelle; Tigre Palomino, Jessica Marlene; Peñaherrera Wilches, María Eugenia
    In Ecuador, Desmodium molliculum is known as “infant herb” and stands out for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The literature reports that phenolic compounds (flavonoids) are the main components of the species, therefore it is of interest due to its biological activity, including the afore mentioned antioxidant capacity, which could delay or inhibit cell damage, protecting them. In the present research work, the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract and the fractions obtained by the liquid-liquid partition method were evaluated. The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the techniques: DPPH, FRAP and ABTS, and the content of total polyphenols by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity resulting from the application of the DPPH and FRAP techniques were higher for the fraction defatted with hexane with values of 234.72 ± 5.11 mg Trolox/g dry extract and 348.19 ± 5.42 mg Trolox/ g dry extract respectively, while for ABTS it was the chloroform fraction with a value of 226.07 ± 3.91 mg Trolox/g dry extract. The content of total polyphenols was 146.7 mg AG/g extract (crude extract), 195.07 mg AG/g extract (defatted fraction), 188.22 mg AG/g extract (chloroform fraction), 181.70 mg AG/g extract (aqueous fraction), 112.18 mg AG/g extract (tannin-free fraction) and 108.58 mg AG/g extract (fraction with tannins) with a value of p=2.1391E-09. From these results it is concluded that the content of total polyphenols is higher in the defatted fraction and there is a correlation between it and the antioxidant capacity.
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    Actividad vegetativa, tasas de crecimiento y estimación de la edad de los individuos en los rodales de polylepis reticulata del Parque Nacional Cajas
    (2016) Saravia Jara, Gladys Estefania; Vintimilla Torres, Daniela Cristina; Gracia Alonso, Carlos
    This research is related to the physiology and phenology of stands of Polylepis reticulata and its response to fluctuations in temperature. The growth of the trees is determined in the current study. At first we tried to determine the growth of the P. reticulataby analyzing the growth rings (dendrochronological method), in which no positive results were obtained due to the lack of seasonality in the climate at the study area. Therefore we chose to install dendrometers (artisanal and electronic) which allowed the continuous record of tree growth. 64 artisanal and 5 electronic dendrometers weremounted onP. reticulata trees, located on three hill sides (Taquiurco, Toreadora and San Luis) in the Cajas National Park. With the data recorded by the electronic dendrometers, we intended to determinate the phenological response of the trees through the application of a vegetative activity model using temperature as a main estimator we aimed to determine the influence of low temperatures on the vegetative activity of the tree. Analysis of the data resulted the definition of a minimum threshold of 6 ° C below which the vegetative activity decreases significantly showing that the temperature is the key factor that regulates the growth of P. reticulata. Furthermore we reconstructed thegrowth patterns of Polylepisreticulataand determined the annual increase of the cross section of trees in the different diameter classes presented in the study area. Once determined the growth rate, the age of the individuals in Cajas National Park was estimated.
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    Actualización del Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura de ECOLAC CIA. LTDA.
    (2014) Vásquez Tandazo, Tatiana Carolina; Delgado Noboa, Jorge Washington
    This thesis arises from the necessity of the ECOLAC CIA. LTDA. company to implement a System of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) that allows to organize, manage, plan and control procedures to offer quality products and to achieve BPM certification. This paper aims updating , improvement and creation of: plans , instructions, procedures and their respective records control,applied to:, building, equipment, tools, staff, raw materials, manufacturing operations, packing, packaging, storage and quality assurance, that allow the company to lead a traceability at all stages of manufacturing, guarantee the safety of their products and the personal hygiene. For its developmentbegan applying the compliance form BPM System of the Ministry of Public Health; tool that was used to determine the current situation of the company and required documentation. Structuring documents was developed for, standardizing formats according to the needs of the company, improving its presentation to facilitate to the staff: reading, understanding, instruction execution and optimization in time of filling records. Besides it was created the Annual preventive maintenance Plan, Manufacturing processes Manual, Instructions for selecting raw material suppliers, updated the Standard Sanitary Operating Processes (SSOP´s) and the staff was trained in theoretical and practical way. With the implementation of this research was achieved in a fulfillment documentation incrementing from 7.32% to 100% , an improvement of 92.68 % was achieved; and also obtained the increase of 61.38 % at the total compliance of the form, it helps reduce the gap so that the company can approach to certification. It is important to continue training staff to constantly keep it updated, motivated and committed to the company to ensure the success of BPM system in the future.
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    Actualización del manual de funciones en la empresa El Competidor
    (2010) Ruilova González, Cornelio Vicente; Peñaherrera Calle, Claudio Augusto
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    Actualización del Manual de Funciones y elaboración de un Manual de Inducción para la empresa "Cerámica Andina C.A."
    (2016) Buñay Garcés, Alfonso Santiago; Jerves Mora, Rodrigo Saúl
    The present research was designed with the purpose of complying with existing requirements, provide new ideas and knowledge to contribute to the improvement of the administrative process in CeramicaAndina CA, especially in the organization of human resources so that the operating developments normal and efficient with the joint achievement of both corporate and individual objectives. So, the objective of this proposal is to describe clearly and accurately the roles, responsibilities and tasks to be undertaken by the staff of CeramicaAndina as well as to provide effective guidance to the new human resource, at moment to enter the company, so that incorporation is the fastest and efficient as possible. Chapter 1 In this chapter the current situation of the company "CeramicaAndina" is presented as well as the problems that interfere with normal development of the activities, further, there is a historical review of the Institution's objectives and goals have been fixed, the functions performed by organization or hierarchical structure and a FODA analysis. Chapter II Here the theoretical and information collected on design, analysis and job descriptions, administrative manuals that underpin this research is detailed. Chapter III In this chapter the proposed manual functions and induction manual are developed, they will be a guide you in the proper performance and human capital management at the CeramicaAndina Company. Chapter IV Finally, in this chapter the conclusions and recommendations made during the development of this proposal are mentioned. Key words:functionmanual, induction manual, job description analysis.
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    Actualización del plan de seguridad de la fábrica de muebles La Carpintería del Grupo Corporativo Colineal
    (2009) Orellana L., Hernán Marcelo; Tintin Cornejo, Emerson Santiago; Jerves Mora, Rodrigo Saúl
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    Actualización y generación de documentación parcial de la Norma Técnica ISO 15189:2014 como Sistema de Gestión de Calidad aplicable al Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad de Cuenca
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-25) Ordoñez Mendieta, Gabriela Elizabeth; Jiménez Herráez, Gabriela Noemi
    In recent years, Quality Systems have shown that they generate added value to companies, whether production or services. In addition to this, today the demands of control agencies and competition have pushed companies to demonstrate their competence and the degree of confidence they offer in their services. Thus, the present work proposes a Quality System in the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca, through the documentary implementation, review and updating of the following points: control of documents and records, laboratory procedures, maintenance and calibration. of equipment, infrastructure maintenance, purchases and inventory control that are requirements established by ISO 15189:2014, a specific standard for clinical laboratories. The work began with the situational diagnosis to determine the level of adherence and compliance with the ISO 15189:2014 Standard, then the macro-processes were identified to finally raise and update the corresponding documentation. A total of 23 documents were raised and updated, of which 0% were initially met for management requirements and 30% for technical requirements, the latter being used daily in the clinical laboratory. Finally, 100% compliance with the aforementioned documentation was given, which allows the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca; carry out their activities in more controlled work environments, detect errors in a timely manner, eradicate them; Gabriela Elizabeth Ordóñez Mendieta Página 4 and also lead to a future accreditation to demonstrate that the services offered are of quality.
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    Actualización y mejora de los procesos de gestión de la producción y control de calidad en base a la Norma ISO 9001: 2008 en Industrias Guapán S. A.
    (2015) Chunchi Guachiculca, Luis Alberto; Dier Calderón, Jorge Roberto; Álvarez Palomeque, Lourdes Ximena
    The market of the cement in the country every time becomes demanding and more competitive, that is the reason that “Industrias Guapán S.A.”, has in its strategic objectives obtaining ISO 9001: 2008 certification; to keep its leadership in The Ecuadorian Austro. Based in this point, arise the need to review and update the documentation in the quality management system. As a solution to the problematic raised by the Company, in this work, all instructional involved in the production process are reviewed and updated, proposing easy-follow diagrams for the interaction of the same ones, helpingthe Company to improve the effectiveness of its management quality system. In order to emphasize in continuous improvement, the Company has the necessity to analyze the variables of the production process to reduce time and costs, and in this way, increase the market competitiveness. For this purpose, the Company shall implement statistical tools to make easier the control of the process. For that reason, as a study of the present job, the new tool named HEP-GUAPAN (Statistical ProcessTool) is created and developed to facilitate the treatment and study of the variables with major incidence in the production process. In addition to design the HEP-GUAPAN on Microsoft Excel, the corresponding statistical study relevant process variables production Management Company was performed, obtaining by this way, the outlined objectives at the beginning of this work and determining the respective recommendations based in the results of this analysis.