Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Tesis Maestrías

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/110

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Caracterización de los accidentes laborales en la empresa Retail del Ecuador periodo 2016 a 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-15) Jerves Ramirez, Ana Isabel; Iñiguez Quintanilla, Bolívar Marcelo
Background: occupational accidents are increasing every year worldwide, therefore the International Labor Organization considers it as a health problem, which causes damage both physically and productively, so it is important to conduct more studies to implement new actions and measures. General objective: to determine the characteristics of occupational accidents in the Retail Company, period 2016 to 2021. Methodology: the study developed was descriptive cross-sectional observational, due to the isolated events we worked with the entire population universe (information provided by the company with prior authorization), ensuring the responsible handling of the information, since the study had the approval of COBIAS. With these data, the respective frequency indicators were calculated to characterize the behavior of the variables studied in the indicated period, using SPSS Statistics25 for testing to comply with the above. Results: The study determined the characteristics to the events occurred, according to the frequency that establishes that men who are in an age range of 41- 45 years is the most vulnerable group to occupational accidents caused by mobility, without causing incapacitating damage. Conclusions: With the results a baseline was established it was possible to characterize the reality of the company with the Occupational Accidents presented, same that mostly do not produce incapacitating injuries to men who suffered from the events caused by mobility in company cars.
Caracterización de los accidentes por trasporte terrestre registrados en la Agencia Nacional de Tránsito del Ecuador, periodo 2019-2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-12-14) Yambay Bautista, Xavier Rodrigo; Vázquez Cárdenas, Andrés Leonardo
Background: Traffic accidents are a global public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality indicators. Objective: Describe the main characteristics of land transport accidents in Ecuador, registered in the National Traffic Agency (ANT) in 2019-2020. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, ecological, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. The unit of analysis consisted of an open access database of the ANT with records of traffic accidents that occurred between January 2019 and December 2020, a registration form was brought as an instrument with the variables of interest prepared in Microsoft Excel®. Results: 64.9% and 66% of the accidents occurred in the urban area in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The monthly average of accidents was 2,050 in 2019 and 1,414 in 2020. The mortality rate due to traffic accidents ranged between 9 and 12 deaths per 100,000 people. The most common type of accident registered was the crash with 18,775 cases, while the most frequent cause was the recklessness and inexperience of the driver with 19,423 accidents, surpassing the consumption of alcohol and drugs that added a total of 3,122 cases in the two years analyzed. Conclusion: Accident rates in Ecuador have increased steadily over the years, however, between March and September 2020 there is a decrease in traffic accidents
Epidemiología y perfil médico legal de las muertes violentas en el Ecuador durante el estado de excepción, año 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-16) Guarnizo Chávez, Andrés Joaquín; Quintana Yánez, Jorge Marcelo
Background: Although violent deaths in Ecuador remain low compared to other countries in the region, they have shown an increase in recent years. With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, is important to measure the real statistical and epidemiological data of violent deaths, which were documented during the confinement period of the 2020 National State of Exception Objective: To determine the epidemiology and medical-legal profile of violent deaths in Ecuador during the State of Exception, year 2020 Methodology: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. A data collection form was made and used as in instrument in this study. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel, calculating frequency, percentage, and measures of dispersion. Results: Violent deaths were more prevalent than previous years in young adult males of Ecuadorian nationality in urban areas. Violent deaths varied by geographical sub-area, as well as by cause. Firearms were found to be more commonly used in homicides, while constrictor weapons were more commonly documented in suicides. Both homicides and suicides were more common during weeks when fines were in place to maintain home confinement. However, accidental deaths, such as those caused by falls and precipitations were more commonly documented on Fridays. Conclusions: The results obtained do not differ significantly from those obtained in previous national or international studies. Violent deaths continue to be a public health problem. Further study is needed to determine the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the rates and types of violent death in Ecuador
Muertes violentas y análisis médico-legal de las necropsias realizadas en el cantón la Troncal, provincia del Cañar en el año 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-30) Sigüenza Rojas, Juan Diego; León Palomeque, Blasco
Background: deaths due to violence are a worldwide phenomenon, which have a negative impact not only on general mortality figures, but also greatly increase the costs of health, social and/or judicial services. General objective: to analyze violent deaths in the canton of La Troncal in the province of Cañar, during the year 2021. Methodology: descriptive study. 90 autopsies performed during the study period were analyzed. The information was recorded on a data collection form. Descriptive statistics were used, the information was presented in personalized tables and graphs. All bioethical procedures were applied to ensure data confidentiality. Results: of the 90 medical-legal analyses, 86.67% of the deceased were adults, 77.6% male, 92.22% Ecuadorian; 76.6% were single, 95.56% mestizos and 30% day laborers. The prevalence of violent deaths was 80%. According to the manner of death, 55.56% were homicidal acts, followed by 43.06% traffic accidents and 1.39% attributed to suicide. Firearms were involved in 90% of homicides; Regarding traffic accidents, 51.61% were due to a motorcycle or vehicle collision, followed by 32.26% due to crashes. As for the only case of suicide, this event was due to intoxication by organophosphate. Conclusions: a high prevalence of violent deaths was evidenced in the canton of La Troncal, with percentage values higher than the consulted bibliography.
Prevalencia y aspectos medicolegales de los accidentes de tránsito registrados en la Fiscalía del Azuay, enero 2018 – diciembre 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-12-07) Valencia Berrezueta, Angela Gabriela; Valencia Padilla, Christian Eduardo
Background: Traffic accidents (TA) are a public health problem; due to the high morbidity and mortality they represent. Each year there are about 1.3 million fatalities and the same have significant injuries that generate disability, raising medicolegal aspects of interest. Objective: To determine the prevalence and medico-legal aspects of traffic accidents registered in the Azuay Prosecutor's Office, January 2018 – December 2020. Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional observational descriptive study. We worked with a population of 315 cases per TA that met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected based on a form made by the researcher, then tabulated and analysed in SPSS 15. The results are presented in tables and graphs of frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of traffic accidents in the province of Azuay is 9.33%, single men aged between 20 and 39 years are mostly involved (53.1%), the human factor is the main cause (95%), collision between vehicles and hit-and-run are the most frequent types, common injuries are fractures of lower limbs with a (28.8%), produce a work disability of between 30 to more than 90 days (56.2%), which are related to low levels of disability. Injuries from higher centers is the cause of death of the patient victim of TA. Conclusion: The TA occur in young men, users of 4-wheeled vehicles and motorcyclists, the fracture of lower limbs is the most frequent followed by that of upper limbs and external injuries, generating incapacity for work between 30 or more than 90 days, most of the injuries are resolved.
Prevalencia y caracterización de los accidentes de tránsito en motocicletas. Cuenca, periodo 2018-2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-14) Salto Ortiz, Tatiana Estefanía; Aguirre Ponce, Silvia Marcela
Background: traffic accidents had been increased worldwide, being the bikers, motorcyclists, and pedestrians the more affected, because of the direct body exposure. Objective: to determinate the prevalence and characterization of the traffic accidents in motorcycles. Cuenca, 2018-2020 period. Methodology: observational, descriptive and transversal study. The data included all the traffic accidents expedient registered on the EMOV EP system (Empresa Pública Municipal de Movilidad, Tránsito y Transporte) from Cuenca. Sociodemographic variables and study variables (individual, environmental and road variables) were collected. The data were processed in the SPSS program evaluation version, the data are presented in tables, using frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and arithmetic average. Results: motorcycle accidents occurred more frequently in men (96%) between 20-39 years of age (82.7%), with the most frequent type of accident being a crash (68%); these accidents predominated on weekdays (67.4%), in a good road condition 94.8%. Of the motorcycle drivers, 86.7% were only injured and only 16.7% were drinking alcohol at the time of the accident. Conclusions: the most number of motorcycle accidents happened in men between 20-39 years old, between Monday to Friday working hours, with a minimum of deads; this accidents were not related with road conditions nor weather conditions.

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