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Dens in dente. Report of three cases
(1967-02) Serrano V., José
Dens in dente (dens invaginatus, dilated odontoma, invaginated odontoma, dilated composite odontoma) is a relatively rare dental anomaly which can occur in the crown or root of a tooth.l-s Tomes, in 1859, was the first to describe a case of this condition. The accepted and usual term dens in dente means literally (‘a tooth within a tooth, ” but this has never been reported.4 The condition is, rather, an enamel organ invagination of variable degree, for which reason Oehlers has proposed the more logical and descriptive name, dens invaginatus.3 PATHOGENESIS The coronal type of dens in dente is caused by an enamel organ invagination during the developmental period of the tooth. It occurs by projection of that invagination into the dentine papilla6 or, as another author5 states, “by the retarded growth of a portion of a single tooth germ.” The result is an enamellined central cavity with a small external opening. The radicular type is caused by “proliferation of the epithelial cells causing an apical ingrowth into the dentine papilla,“l and the result is a radicular invagination limited by cementum.z Different authors classify coronal dens in dente according to the degree of invagination, but recently Ulmansky and Hermel have suggested the term incipient for minor involvement. The most frequently affected teeth are the permanent upper lateral incisors. Negroes are almost free of this anomaly.8
Abbreviated case report. Gingivo-osseous pathologic fenestration
(1971-11) Serrano V., José
Four cases of pathological bone fenestration-gingivo described. The reasons for changing the name of this condition are discussed, and possible factors related to the pathogenesis of the lesion are analyzed.
Bilateral fusion of teeth
(1972) Serrano V., José
Root resorption of reimplanted tooth
(1972-09) Serrano V., José
Oligodontia and fusion
(1972-10) Serrano V., José
Mesiodens in correct alignment
(1973-02) Serrano V., José
Ventral herniorrhaphy aided by pneumoperitoneum
(1986-08-01) Astudillo, Rubén; Merrell, Ronald C.; Sánchez, José; Olmedo, Sonia
Twenty-four patients with large abdominal incisional hernias were alternately treated with preoperative pneumoperitoneum. The insufflation was performed on an outpatient basis each day for approximately one week prior to operation. The pneumoperitoneum-treated group was spared the necessity of developing abdominal wall flaps and presented a much easier peritoneal dissection. The operative time was 50 minutes in the 12 pneumoperitoneum-treated patients compared with an average of 150 minutes in the standard repair—treated group. There were no infections in the pneumoperitoneum-treated group compared with five (42%) in the other group. The postoperative stay of the pneumoperitoneum-treated group averaged 3.5 days compared with 12.5 days for the standard repair—treated group. Pneumoperitoneum is a valuable adjunct in the repair of large ventral hernias.
Gemination, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth
(1986-12) Serrano V., José
Triple dens invaginatus in a mesiodens
(1991-05) Serrano V., José
Razón y Empiria, una relación inacabada
(1993) Leon Pesantez, Catalina Soledad
Sujeto e historia, una relación polémica
(1997) León Pesántez, Catalina Soledad
Is the course of neurocysticercosis modified by treatment with antihelminthic agents?
(1997-01-13) Carpio, Arturo; Santillán, Franklin; León, Pedro; Flores, Carlos; Hauser, W. Allen
Del Brutto should not be surprised by the results of our clinical trial of treatment of neurocysticercosis (NC).1 A series of articles were published in JAMA to "help physicians translate the results of medical research into clinical practice."2 In one of them, the authors state that "to the surprise of many and the indignation of a few," well-conducted randomized clinical trials have contradicted the results of less rigorous studies supporting therapies previously considered "standard" practice.3 To address comments related to the sequence of our studies, we must provide a brief background for the current report. In January 1984, we received support from the Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politécnicas del Ecuador (CONUEP), the institution responsible for scientific research in our country, for a project titled "Clinical Aspects of Neurocysticercosis in Ecuador." In this project, we performed a retrospective review of cases treated for NC between 1984
Spatial soil moisture mapping through multi-temporal analysis of ERS-SAR pri data
(1997-03-14) Verhoest, N.; Troch, P. A.; Deckmyn, J.; Paniconi, C.; De Troch, François
The scattering of microwaves from soil depends on several surface characteristics, such as the roughness, vegetation and the moisture content of the top layer. Knowledge of the temporal and spatial distribution of this last parameter is of major importance to hydrologic, meteorologic and climatologic modelling. However accurate measurements of the spatial distribution of soil moisture with classical methods have always been a difficult task. Owing to its dependency on soil moisture and its spatial character, radar remote sensing holds much promise. Several empirical and physically based scattering models have been proposed to retrieve soil moisture values from SAR data, but problems occur with the identification of the roughness and vegetation parameters. This can be partly overcome through the use of multi-frequency and/or multi-polarization radar, but this option is often not available on spaceborne platforms. However, single frequency and single polarization data allows one to map saturation-prone areas using a multi-temporal analysis. The use of multi-temporal data makes it possible to retrieve spatial soil moisture patterns within the studied catchment by applying statistical methods to the time series of images. Two methods for the analysis of a winter time series of ERS-1 and ERS-2 images, for which constant roughness and vegetation conditions can be assumed, are suggested. The first method is based on the temporal coefficient of variation. Since the variability of soil moisture is expected to be smaller near a stream then further upslope from the stream, a smaller temporal coefficient of variation of the returned signal is observed near streams. The second method makes use of principal component analysis of the winter time series of images. Both methods lead to a representation of the spatial distribution of the soil moisture at the catchment scale. However, principal component transformation performs better since it can separate the soil moisture component in the backscattered signal from other influencing factors such as topography and land use.
La práctica teórica: lugar de desencuentros
(1998) Leon Pesantez, Catalina Soledad
El pueblo latinoamericano ¿sujeto de su historia?
(Unión de Universidades de América Latina, 1998) Escudero Durán, María Lorena
Cysticercosis and epilepsy: a critical review
(1998-10) Escobar, Alfonso; Hauser, W. Allen; Carpio, Arturo
Neurocysticercosis (NC) remains a major public health problem in developing and some developed countries. Currently, the best procedures for diagnosing NC are neuroimaging studies. Immunoserologic assays, such as enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), detect antibodies against Taenia solium, or cysticercus. Consequently, they are useful in identifying a population at risk of contact with the parasite but do not necessarily indicate a systemic active infection. Most seropositive individuals are asymptomatic. No data from prospective studies concern the proportion of these individuals that will develop seizures or other neurologic symptoms. There is a discrepancy between the results of serologic assays and neuroimaging studies: >SO% of those individuals with NC diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan test EITB negative. Pathophysiologic classification of NC into active, transitional, and inactive forms permits a good correlation between clinical manifestations and neuroimaging procedures and facilitates medical and surgical management and research. The most frequent clinical manifestations of NC are seizures. We assume that NC is the main cause of symptomatic epilepsy in developing countries; however, no case-control or cohort studies demonstrate this association. Most patients with NC with seizures have a good prognosis; nevertheless, further studies analyzing factors related to recurrence of seizures and possibilities of discontinuation of antiepileptic medications (AEDs) are needed. Regarding treatment of NC with antihelminthic drugs, no controlled clinical trials exist that establish specific indications, definitive doses, and duration of treatment. The most effective approach to taeniasis/cysticercosis infection is prevention. This should be a primary public health focus for developing countries. We critically review the available information regarding the epidemiology and diagnosis of human cysticercosis, the physiopathology and imaging correlation of the parasite in the central nervous system (CNS) of the host, the relation between seizures or epilepsy and NC, and the issues surrounding the treatment and prognosis of NC, including the use of antihelminthic therapy.
Letter to the editor
(1998-12-11) Carpio, Arturo; Del Brutto, Oscar H.
Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador
(1999) Goodman, K. A; Ballagh, S. A; Carpio, Arturo
The prevalence of neurocysticercosis has been well documented in rural communities in Latin America using the enzyme-linked inmmunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. We studied the prevalence of neurocysticercosis in an urban, upper-middle class population in Cuenca, Ecuador. Family members of 34 index cases with parenchymal neurocysticercosis on a computed tomography (CT) scan and family members of 14 patients who had normal CT scans after a trauma or migraine were enrolled in the study. Serum was obtained from 226 individuals, 173 (72%) from the case families and 67 (28%) from the control families. Twelve percent of the case family members and 4% of the control family members were seropositive by the EITB assay. This was a statistically significant difference (P , 0.05) when age and education were held constant by logistic regression. Seropositivity was not related to age. No neurologic symptom proved predictive of serostatus and the only demographic variable that correlated with seropositivity was increased crowding. Positive serology in index cases did correlate with CT findings as follows: 86% of patients with active lesions, 67% with transitional lesions, and only 41% of patients with inactive lesions were positive by the EITB assay. Eighteen percent of family members with a positive EITB test result had parenchymal lesions on a subsequent CT scan. This study demonstrates a high rate of seropositivity of cysticercosis among urban, middle to upper-middle class individuals in a region endemic for Taenia solium. Household contacts of patients with neurocysticercosis had a three-fold higher risk of positive serology for cysticercosis, in comparison with controls.
Albendazole therapy for subarachnoid cysticerci: clinical and neuroimaging analysis of 17 patients
(1999) Carpio, Arturo; Del Brutto, Oscar H.
y contrast with the weaknesses of anecdotal observations from case series, the power of randomised clinical trials for deciding the benefit of therapy has become increasingly evident and indisputable world wide. Nowadays, to argue against the validity of this assertion may seem superfluous; however, a recent paper reported by Del Brutto1 regarding treatment in neurocysticercosis ignores basic procedures for well performed clinical trials by using inappropriate and misleading methodology to evaluate medical therapy. By definition, a clinical trial is a prospective study comparing the effect and value of treatment against a control in human subjects. The main drawback of Del Brutto’s report is that it does not include a control group against which the intervention group is compared; therefore, its results are definitely flawed. Additionally, a basic experimental study design requires at least minimal information regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomisation, and definitions of response or outcome variables. This information is not provided by Del Brutto’s report; its design fails to protect against potential bias in patient selection or evaluation of outcome. The definition of subarachnoid cysterci used by Del Brutto was based on “appearance on CT of hypodense cystic lesions located over the convexity of the cerebral hemispheres, the sylvian fissure, or the CSF cisterns at the base of the brain”. It is well known that there are many other diagnostic possibilities to be considered in the differential diagnosis of subarachnoid hypodense lesions.2 3 Besides, CT is not a reliable procedure for diagnosing subarachnoid cysterci, as is MRI. In fact, we cannot be completely sure, for example, that the CT images shown in the report of Del Brutto correspond to subarachnoid cysterci. If we were to use MRI on this patient, they might correspond to a parenchymal cyst which resolved as a reflection of the natural history of the condition. There is no evidence that objectively confirms or rejects this assertion.
Insuficiencia cardíaca aguda tras administración de propofol y fentanilo en pacientes sin enfermedad cardíaca estructural: reporte de dos casos
(1999) Puga Bravo, Cristina Evelyn
Acute heart failure occurs exceptionally in patients without structural heart disease. Two clinical cases with heart failure after surgical intervention were presented, in which doses of propofol and fentanyl were administered, drugs related to cardiovascular depressant effect; a sudden hemodynamic deterioration is observed, with a decrease in the ejection fraction, which in the monitoring would return to normal parameters. When discarding orga-nic pathology of heart, the use of these drugs is related to the development of heart failure, so it is proposed to take it into account in the differential diagnosis of this condition.

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