Facultad de Odontología

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Neuropéptidos: inflamación neurogénica en pulpa dental
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
The defense mechanism of the pulpodentin complex in order protect itself from caries and dental procedures like cavity preparation, restorative procedures, among other injuries, is the inflammatory process.The pivotal role of the Nervous System in the inflammatory process of many tissues, including dental pulp, is known as neurogenic inflammation, which is mediated through neuropeptídes that are produced by the three types of nerve fibers that innervate the dental pulp: sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic. Neurogenic inflammation is the first Iine of defense to protect tissue integrity and implies a complex Cascade of neuro-immune- vascular interactions, being a córner stone the neuroimmune interaction, on which is critical the role of neuropeptídes as immunomodulators. These neuropeptídes include Substance P (SP), Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), Neurokinin A (NKA), Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY), function in health and disease.
Análisis de la flexión de la base del cráneo en relación al prognatismo maxilar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
the present study aimed at evaluating cranial base flexure in relation to maxillary prognathism in two Brazíl ian ethnic groups. Methods: the sample comprised 240 dry skulls of white (n = 120) and black (n = 120) Brazilians, of both genders. Cranial base flexure and maxillary prognathism were investigated by estimating the mean valúes of the NHBa and NABa angles, respectively. The N H Ba angle mean valúes were compared between ethnic groups and genders using the Student t-test (a = 0.05). The association between the NHBa and NABa angles was assessed by the linear correlation analysis. Results: NHBa angle mean valúes were higher in black individuáis (females = 183° and males = 181.7°), compared with white individuáis (females = 180.7° and males = 178.4°),p < 0.01. Conversely,the mean valúes relative to the NABa angle were greater in white individuáis (females = 79.4° and males = 78.6°) than in black individuáis (females = 76.7° and males = 76.1°). Most of the correlationsbetween NHBaand NABaangles were not significant. Conclusions: concerning the cranial base flexure, there were ethnic differences and sexual dimorphism between white and black Brazilians. The correlations between the angular variables used to estímate cranial base flexure and maxillary prognathism were not significant, except for black females. This finding suggests a trend to the increased maxillary prognathism as related to the enlargement of the cranial base flexure angle in the above-mentioned group.
Aplicación del cariostático fluoruro diamínico de plata para la detención de la caries incipiente en los primeros molares permanentes
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Parra Coronel, Janeth Judith; Moreno Morejón, Gladis Eugenia
Objetives The main purpose of this research is to determine and evalúate the therapeutical effect of the application of the Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) for detainning the presence of incipient caries on the first permanent molar teeth. MATERIALS AND METH0DS A quasi-experimental trail was carried out,with a nonprobabilistic porpositive sample This investigation was carried on fifty school children ,whose age ranged from 7 to 12 years old,at the Tarqui rural community.Alí of them are scholars with low economical income. Twenty eight(28> children whose molar pieces receíved the application of SDF attend to the Zoila Carmen Alvarado Primary School(groupe A).whereas the other twenty two(22> children whodid not received the SDF application attend to the Manuel Antonio Corral Primary SchooKgoupe B). In the first groupe(A) 112 molar pieces were examined.We detected 109 incipient lesions. In the second groupe(B) 88 molar pieces were examined;we detected 97 incipient lesions. Both groupes received medical counseling and advise for keeping oral hygiene and tooth brush habits. Results Two years later,we reevaluated the situation. Those children who belonged to the groupe A (they received the SDF local application) presented 83 lesions resolved,versus groupe B(did not received SDF application) who did not resolve their lesions. P<0.00001. RR:0.24 95%IC:0.17-0.33 Conclusion The SDF has a superior efficacy for the detention of incipient caries (76%) compared with the children who only improve their oral hygine practice.
Pilares cerámicos en implantología
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
Nowadays a great variety of ceramic components has been introduced by the dent istry industry. The available ones are composed by: Alumina, Alumina/ Zirconia and Zirconia. When we taIk about esthetic abutment (ceramics), what we really want to achieve is, the refund of a natural appearance to a person that has lost it for different reasons. But these materials also reveal many desirable properties, i ncluding: decrease of the badge accumulation in comparation with titanium grade 2, mínimum thermal conductivity, resistance to the abrasión, color stability and a low corrosión potential. Of the study of these ceramic abutments we can conclude that its use in restorative dentistry is adapted, 'cause, they fulfill the basic requirements, and also, surely in a future not very distant, they will replace completely to the systems of metal lie abutment; this, in face of the necessity of our patients to achieve an esthetic level from their rehabilitations, similar to the natural.
Restauraciones indirectas mediante la utilización del sistema CAD CAM CEREC.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Objective: The aim of thís paper was to present, describe, and analyze the CAD CAM CEREC System (Síroña Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany) for indirect restorations, through literature rewiew. Material and Methods: The system of the Pub Med National Library Service for the United States of America, was used through its electronic publications. Conclusion: According to the reviewed publications from 1984 through 2008, the system CAD CAM Cerec has clinical relevance for achieving esthetic, durable, metal free and biocompatible indirect restorations, in one session or in a short period of time up to two days in the same dental office.
Complicaciones de insensibilización anestésica en endodoncia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Suárez Quintanilla, Eduardo
The elimination of the pain in Dentistry is an indication of excellence that contributes to offer comfort to the professional due to the collaboration that obtains from the patient in the execution of the Plan of Treatment and the consequent Prognosis. In order to obtain this objective, the application of anesthetic substances that act at local level, determines the obtaining of this result. But sometimes this agreement is not possible to obtain it by sequel of many factors that prevent the no feel the tissues, by means of processes that act in the mechanisms of nervous transmission in the manifestations of depolarization of the membrane that covers to the nerves and that are translated in painful group of symptoms.
Contraindicaciones de los implantes dentales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-07) Alvarado Cordero, Jacinto José
Several investigations suggest that dental implantfailuresarelargelyrelatedtobiological factors; for the healthy patient it has been reported great success rates, some achieving 100%, but this will decrease depending on various systemic conditions that will impair osseointegration. Medical treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, intravenous bísphosphonates and systemic diseases as diabetes, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, etc affect bone healing.The purpose of this paper ¡s to conduct a review of the absolute and relative contraindications of dental implants placement.
Prótesis híbrida superior a barra fresada y microatornillada (presentación de un caso clínico)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
In an edentolous patient or in case of lost teeth because of deep cavities or periodontal disease, there are innovative treatments such as implants with ball-attachment systems, overdentures with bar systems, among others, in which the prominent characteristic is that the patients can remove the prosthesis by themselves. In the case of screwed fixed prosthesis, the aesthetics but above all the function will be affected when the sites where the prosthesis is screwed are on the oclusal side of the teeth. The present report will focus on the use of an overdenture with transmission charge over the bar and implants, which is a good alternative to common clinical procedures.
Labio congénito doble. Reporte de casos y revisión de bibliografía
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Cazar Almache, Marcelo Enrique
The congenital double lip is a rare anatomical condition, occurs most often in the upper lip at the lower, producing aesthetic changes, the speech and mastication, in the sufferer. We have treated two cases of congenital double lip, one for aesthetic reasons and the other one forfunctional reasons; no one of the patients developed postoperative complication such as half labial constriction. Were resolved by elliptical incisión technique, with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.
Odontología y discapacidad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Mora Oleas, Mariana
Perhaps by a variety of reasons, the children with special needs require occasionally to receive treatment of an Odontologist that specializes in its cate. Between those reasons situations like some incapacíties are included, like the Syndrome of Down or other syndromes that bring about craneofacíales anomalies, can cause that the boy is the more susceptible to dental problems. Cer- taín drugs, like certain anti-epileptic, can contribute to that they appear dental decays and diseases of encías. Perhaps the parents of children with physical or cogni- tive incapacities have difficulties to provide daily dental care in the home. To find a Odontólogo described can be more difficult since it constitutes a challenge and a task that a greater physical and professional exigeney demands to obtain an efficient attention, but not an unattainable challenge, beca use with love and patience all the objectives will be reached drawn up.
Ingeniería de tejidos en endodoncia: estado actual e implicaciones futuras
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Tissue engineering is a multidiscliplinary Science with impressive approaches in the last decade on the dental field; through design and manufacture of new tissues, it intends to replace impaired or damaged ones. The three key elements for tissue engineering are stems cells, growth factors or morphogens, and a scaffold of extraceílular matrix that constitutes the microenviro- ment for the last ones. The present article will overview current approaches toward teeth engineering in the en- dodontic field as well as some aspects and challenges that must be met in the making of a bio-tooth.
Labio congénito doble. Reporte de casos y revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Cazar Almache, Marcelo Enrique
The congenital double lip is a rare anatomical condition, occurs most often in the upper lip at the lower, produ- cing aesthetic changes, the speech and mastication, in the sufferer. We have treated two cases of congenital double lip, one for aesthetic reasons and the other one forfunctional reasons; no one ofthe patients developed postoperative complication such as half labial constric- tion. Were resolved by elliptical incisión technique, with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results
Hipersensibilidad dentinal (i). Mecanismos y etiología
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Alvarado Cordero, Jacinto José
Many people are affected by dentina! hypersensitivity. Most patients suffering from dentinal hypersensitivity is presented as a breakthrough pain, acute short-term, very annoying and often can be unbearable. There is great confusión about the diagnosis, etiology and me- chanisms of dentinal hypersensitivity, therefore profes- sionals lack the confidence to manage this condition effectívely. The objective of this review is to inform professionals about the causes, characteristics and mechanisms of dentinal hypersensitivity.
Odontología y discapacidad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Mora Oleas, Mariana Dolores
Perhaps by a variety ofreasons, the children with special needs require occasionally to receive treatment of an Odontologist that specializes in its cate. Between those reasons situations like some incapacíties are included, like the Syndrome of Down or other syndromes that bring about craneofacíales anomalies, can cause that the boy is the more susceptible to dental problems. Cer- taín drugs, like certain anti-epileptic, can contribute to that they appear dental decays and diseases of encías. Perhaps the parents of children with physical or cogni- tive incapacities have difficulties to provide daily dental care in the home. To find a Odontólogo described can be more difficult since it constitutes a challenge and a task that a greater physical and professional exigeney demands to obtain an efficient attention, but not an unattainable challenge, because with love and patience all the objectives will be reached drawn up.
Hipersensibilidad dentinal (I): mecanismos y etiología
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Alvarado Cordero, Jacinto José
Many people are affected by dentinal hypersensitivity. Most patients suffering from dentinal hypersensitivity is presented as a breakthrough pain, acute short-term, very annoying and often can be unbearable. There is great confusion about the diagnosis, etiology and mechanisms of dentinal hypersensitivity, therefore professionals lack the confidence to manage this condition effectively. The objective of this review is to inform professionals about the causes, characteristics and mechanisms of dentinal hypersensitivity.
Fricción o realidad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
This article attempts to explain the main factors influencing the improved management of biomechanical principies in orthodontic treatment and are given under the term"Friction."Most research is done on the subject have been developed under an optical Science. This section is intended to summarize some of the papers presented so far about"friction." All appliances are described as fixed orthodontics Instruments that may affect the biomechanical changes go through this "physical phenomenon"to the ideal tooth movement.
Fricción o realidad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
This article attempts to explain the main factors in- fluencing the improved management of biomechanical principies in orthodontic treatment and are given under the term"Friction."Most research is done on the subject have been developed under an optical Science. This section is intended to summarize some of the papers presented so far about"friction."All appliances are des- cribed as fixed orthodontics Instruments that may affect the biomechanical changes go through this "physical phenomenon"to the ideal tooth movement.
Rehabilitación del maxilar superior con atrofia alveolar maxilar severa. Presentación de caso clínico.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo; Cabrera Maldonado, Leonardo Flavio
The prosthetic rehabilitation, in patients with severe maxillary atrophy in our environment has been limited to use ofremovable dentures in certain cases, and surgí- cal treatments aimed at increasing the upperjaw bone, in order to achieve a suitable ground for conventíonal implant fixation. This is a case in which two zygomatic implants were used, one on each side, and three con- ventional implants in the maxillary anterior región to build a hybrid prosthesis; which has been under obser- vation for four years. The clinical significance ís of this article is to establish that there is an additional option to rehabilítate patients with severe maxillary atrophy without performing surgeñes increased bone tissue for the subsequent fixing of conventional implants, which the patient observes reduced recovery time and treatment sessions without neglecting the implications of a complex procedure and requires properly trained and experienced staff.
Prótesis híbrida superior a barra fresada y microatornillada. Presentación de un caso clínico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Bravo Torres, Wilson Daniel
In an edentolous patient or in case of lost teeth becau- se of deep cavities or periodontai disease, there are in- novative treatments such as implants with ball-attach- ment systems, overdentures with bar systems, among others, in which the prominent characteristic is that the patients can remove the prosthesís by themselves. In the case of screwed fixed prosthesís, the esthetics but above all the function will be affected when the sites where the prosthesís ís screwed are on the oclusal side ofthe teeth. The present report will focus on the use of an overdenture with transmission charge over the bar and implants, which is a good alternative to common clinical procedures.
El papel de odontólogo ante la diabetes mellitus
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-07) Carvajal Endara, Andrea
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in the secretion and / or action of insulin. Diabetes may affect various organs such as the eyes, kidneys, heart, nerves and blood ves- seis. Vascular changes in the oral cavity predispose individuáis with diabetes to periodontal disease, delayed wound healing,and opportunisticinfections.Treatment of diabetes aims at the reduction of blood glucose levéis to avoid the complications mentioned above. Part of this treatment ineludes dental care to prevent and treat conditions of the oral cavity, thereby ¡mproving the quality of life of diabetics. This paper aims to guide the dental professional through the unique needs and standard of care for their patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

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