Browsing by Author "Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio"

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Algunos problemas y oportunidades de los sistemas bovinos de producción de leche en el trópico húmedo de baja altitud
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino
There are more than 3,000,000 milk producers in Latin America and the Caribbean. An important number of them unfolds in the humid tropical conditions on the thermal floor close to sea level altitude and share many of the problems common to all systems, such as: inappropriate relationships between managers and primary producers, lack of stimuli and exodus to the cities, increasing deterioration of the environment, high dimensionality, inadequate preparation of managers, limited view, technological indiscipline communication, technological and financial shortages, among other particular problems. The characteristics of the cattle breeders mostly affected by unsustainability are high ambiental temperatures combined with relative humidities above 70%, low level of protein in pasture vegetation, low use of leguminous shrubs and trees and a reduced availability of dry matter during the less rainy season. Currently a wealth of information on experiences, methodologies and technologies are available to combat effectively these problems. The best way to protect themselve is by training, support from the cattle society, access to adequate information on how to exploit in an effective and sustainable way resources such as races, vegetation, water, soil resources, etc. Additionally, farmers should apply the most suitable grazing method, foresee in the most appropriate food supplements, include the multifunctional use of tree planting, be knowledgeable about cattle breeding and genetics, try to apply a holistic management of the farm, and foresees in analytical monitoring, as to strengthen and secure competitiveness and economic rentability.
Análisis de los sistemas productivos bovinos de los cantones orientales de la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Gutama Valladares, Nancy Fernanda; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The aim of this research, was to perform a holistic analysis of milk production systems, in the Eastern Townships in the province of Azuay - Ecuador, with a sample of 527 (Agricultural Production Unit) UPAs, the same that are distributed in three categories: UPAs small (<5 ha), medium (5-50 ha) and large (> 50 ha). Socioeconomic characteristics, management, marketing, production and reproduction, covering sets of variables studied. The information was obtained directly from producers and visits in the herd. Analyses include relative frequencies, crosstabs, means, and standard error, as well as analysis of principal component and clusters. The socioeconomic characteristics of the producer, showed the existence of 50% of older adults (40 to 60 years old), with a predominance of basic primary education, and outstanding participation of women in small farms. With regard to the characteristics of the farm, 46% of herds have the existence of natural pasture, however, 7,6% of the UPAs makes artificial insemination. Age at first birth was 32.5 months with a production of 7.7 liters per cow per day. They were determined for small, medium and large farms 3, 5 and 7 principal components respectively, the common Resources used for production in all. The cluster analysis showed the existence of seven distinct production systems in, handling, characteristics of the farm and production
Analysis of fluid velocity inside an agricultural sprayer using generalized linear mixed models
(2020) Boné, Antonio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguirre De juana, Angel Javier; García Ramos, Francisco Javier; Vidal, Mariano
The fluid velocity inside the tank of agricultural sprayers is an indicator of the quality of the mixture. This study aims to formulate the best generalized linear mixed model to infer the fluid velocity inside a tank under specific operational parameters of the agitation system, such as liquid level, circuit pressures, and number of active nozzles. A complex model was developed that included operational parameters as fixed eects (FE) and the section of the tank as the random eect. The goodness of fit of the model was evaluated by considering the lowest values of Akaike's information criteria and Bayesian information criterion, and by estimating the residual variance. The gamma distribution and log-link function enhanced the goodness of fit of the best model. The Toeplitz structure was chosen as the structure of the covariance matrix. SPSS and SAS software were used to compute the model. The analysis showed that the greatest influence on the fluid velocity was exerted by the liquid level in the tank, followed by the circuit pressure and, finally, the number of active nozzles. The development presented here could serve as a guide for formulating models to evaluate the eciency of the agitation system of agricultural sprayers.
Balance de energía, nitrógeno y fósforo en sistemas de ceba bovina en pastoreo
(2019) Moreno, Miguel Nápoles; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Acosta Gutiérrez, Zoe; Estévez Alfayate, Jorge Alberto; Ceró Rizo, Ángel E.; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Soto Senra, Servando A.; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino
Aim: The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of milk production in 1 168 cases in Ecuadoran Sierra Sur Andina, with the implementation of neural networks with multilayer perceptrons. Materials and Methods: These cases were collected from secondary samples provided by the Official Institute of National Statistics of Ecuador, in 2016. The variables chosen for the model were total milk production on the previ-ous day (P), as dependent variable; and total cattle heads (CH), total laborers in the field (E), and total surface at-tended by laborer (S), as independent variables. The selection criteria were the existence of data from individual cas-es, and their impact on the dependent variable. ISSN 2224-7920 Results: The average efficiency was 8.11 %, from which the total cases detected efficiently (> 0.70) accounted for 11 (0.9 % of the sample). Later, the cases studied were classified into three groups, depending on the efficiency cal-culated: Group 1 (≤ 0.4 efficiency); Group 2 (> 0.4 - ≤ 0.7 efficiency); and Group 3 (> 0.7 efficiency). Conclusion: A comparison produced several statistical differences (P < 0.01) for variables total milk production/year on the farm, total field laborers, farm size, total cows, total cattle heads, calvings, pregnant cows, and served cows.
Características génicas de las poblaciones de bovinos criollos americanos en base a microsatélites
(2019) Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier; Méndez Álvarez, María Silvana; Soria Parra, Manuel Elías; Palacios Ordóñez, Teofilo Estuardo; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías
The objective of this study is to analyze the major gene parameters found in different genotypes of cattle of Iberian origin in the Americas. The work was based on the review of different results of the genetic markers analyzed in blood of Creole cattle incountries of North America until cattle in Patagonia in the southern part of South America. Presents results of the markers most used and recommended for ca ttle. Population genetic parameters analyzed were: total number of alleles (Na), by microsatellite marker allele 189 frequencies), the factors observed (Ho) and expected (He), the coefficients of inbreeding (Fis), polymorphic information content) CIP) and compliance with the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The percentage of variance between populations and the (Fst) is also reported. 20 papers on microsatellites in cattle, analysed 19 of them with informa tion from Creoles of America. Highlights a number of alleles locus of 4 to 13, higher by more than 0.6 heterozygosity and polymorphic information content high. Creole ca ttle have very little variation among their populations, the distance that separates them is not very marked, but they have a Kingdom with many alleles at the loci analyzed and their heterozygosity and polymorphism is high of them with information
Caracterización de los sistemas de explotación equina en la provincia del Azuay
(2018) Duchimaza Borja, David Eduardo; Morocho Fárez, Ximena Susana; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The objective of this research was to characterize the equine exploitation systems in the province of Azuay, where 45 systems were studied, which were chosen based on the latest 2016 equine cadastre carried out by Agrocalidad, developing on-site surveys of the owners and caretakers of the animals, where issues of management, food, reproduction, facilities, health, marketing and economy were highlighted. A database was established in the SPSS program, where the following studies were used: Frequencies, Chí-Cuadrado Estimator, Pearson and Spearman Correlations, Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis (Cluster). The studies revealed that 71% of equine farms are in the city of Cuenca, of which 53% are small (<5ha), 84% are dedicated to the process of complete exploitation of horses, the 80% are intended for recreation-walks and in the race area, the mestizo horse is the predominant one in Azuay. Within the herds, only the mares form 50% of the same, in the reproduction the natural mountaineering is used, age at weaning between 5 and 6 months of abrupt type; Age at castration ranges between 2 and 4 years. Grazing time of 5 to 10 hours daily with electric fence; chip is the material used in the stables and their waste goes directly to the paddocks; the activity with the most records is sanitary and the problems that stand out the most on the farms are deficient facilities and food. Regarding the reproductive field, the following parameters were presented; the age at the first service is 3.6 years with 2 services per female and an interpartum interval of 2 years, with 6 pregnant mares per farm and 5 completed births. Equine reproduction is carried out at the owner's discretion. The deworming protocols are performed before 6 months with ivermectin + praziquantel and febendazole, about 50% of farms do not vaccinate their animals, respiratory diseases are highlighted in the systems. The daily equine diet is 16.37 kg, of which 60% is grass, 16.5% balanced, 7% hay and 16% other fodder in the economy and marketing less than 50% sell their animals and 70% of them sell them personally in their farms. The minimum value of an equine is $ 1,593 and the maximum is $ 15,426; the owners decide to invest more in genetics. More than 60% of the economic resources for maintenance of the farms comes from external income. The association between the variables revealed a direct relationship between the presence of colics and the time of grazing, likewise, the presence of a specific breed is given by the purpose of the exploitation, being the case of Arabian horses and PSI destined to sports of chair. The grouping of systems classified the study into two groups, 93% formed by small farms and 7% by large farms, both in number of animals and in surface areas.
“Caracterización genética de gallos de pelea (Gallus gallus) del cantón Cuenca mediante mtDNA D-Loop.”
(2019-10-22) Hernández Encalada, Christian Santiago; Jara Solano, David Iván; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The objective of this research was to genetically characterize by means of mtDNA D-loop, the fighting roosters in the different hatcheries of the Cuenca canton, province of Azuay, Ecuador. A pilot sample was carried out in 10 farms in the canton to determine the existence of ecotypes of fighting cocks and quantify their respective troops. For the ecotype criteria, the breeder's information, external bird morphology, the work of comparing photos with bibliographic references and the criteria of an expert were taken into account. Subsequently, 15 birds were selected from the three most abundant and most distributed ecotypes in the hatcheries visited; in which they stand out: Ecuadorians, Chileans and Puerto Ricans from which feathers of each animal were taken. In addition, DNA from Cuban roosters was included, (out). 𝐹st, Nst and AMOVA were determined. The ecotypes of Ecuadorian, Chilean, Puerto Rican and Cuban roosters showed little variability among them, 5%. The greatest variability was found within each ecotype. In the 19 haplotypes in only one, the 4 ecotypes are represented, most of them are represented by a single individual. In the genetic parameters such as: segregation sites, number of haplotypes, diversity of haplotypes and average differences in the number of nucleotides, the Cuban ecotype presented values higher than the remaining ecotypes.
Caracterización morfométrica e índices zoométricos de los grupos raciales bovinos existentes en los cantones orientales del Azuay
(2018) Fernández Martínez, Carlos Eduardo; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The objective of the present investigation was the morphometric characterization and the determination of the zoometric ratios of the bovine racial groups existing in the eastern cantons of Azuay (COAz). For which 527 UPAS were sampled divided into 2 groups ranging from 1 to 30 animals and more than 30 animals per UPA, resulting in 859 sampled cattle, in which the linear morphometric variables (20), phaneroptic variables (19) were studied, zoomometric indexes (11) and characteristics of the udder (4). The SPSS ® program was used in the data processing and statistical tests such as: Analysis of main components with Varimax rotation, generation of groups by descriptive analysis or two-stage cluster and for the comparison of the averages obtained, the ANOVA method with a level of confidence 95% The existence of 10 main components and 6 racial groups was determined: Criollo-Holstein crossbred (16.1%), COAz Criollo (8.3%), Holstein Low-Mesolian Height (24.3%), Holstein Low Height -Longilineal (22.2%), predominantly Criollo mestizo (13.5%), Holstein intermediate height-Longilinear (13.2%). Races such as Jersey, Brown swiss, Charolais and Normando were excluded from the study, since they were not considered relevant due to their minimal presence during sampling. All the values obtained in both the main components and those obtained in the study of racial groups were compared with studies conducted in the country, including the province of Azuay and international studies of the same type, generating comparison tables that were detailed in the course of this study and that will serve for future research.
Comparación de camadas de cobayas (Cavia porcelus) de genotipos ecuatorianos y la línea mejorada Perú
(2019) Quizhpi Guamán, José Narciso; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Taboada Pico, Juan Wualverto; Cedillo Ramón, Johanna Elizabeth; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
Background: The danger of disappearance of the different unprotected genotypes in the Andean highlands of Ecuador forces us to study and propose conservation measures to maintain that biological richness that has enormous prospects for the feeding of humanity. The objective of the study was to compare the sizes and weights of the litters until the weaning of native Ecuadorian guinea pigs from the provinces of Azuay, Cañar and the improved line of Peru. Methods: The study was carried out in the experimental farm of Irquis of the Faculty of Agropecific Sciences of the University of Cuenca. The database was constructed with the records of breeders prospective among the farmers of the provinces of Azuay and Cañar, taking as a reference the phenotypic characteristics. Results: No significant differences were proved for the month of parturition or for the number of births or the genotype in the size of the litter at weaning. The Azuay did not differ from Peru in the size of the litter at birth (3.1 and 3.2 respectively). This one exceeded in the weight of the litter at birth and at weaning with 432 and 837 g at 313 and 570 g of Azuay, which does not differ from the Cañar genotype. Conclusions: The Creole genotypes of Azuay and Cañar showed inferiority in the traits related to birth weight and mortality compared to Peru. The Azuay does not differ from Peru or in litter size at birth or at weaning, this genotype manifested a potential that can be developed.
Comparison between ecuadoran genotypes of cavy litters (cavia porcellus) and cavies bBred in Peru
(2019) Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Cedillo Ramon, Johanna Elizabeth; Taboada Pico, Juan Wualverto; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Quizhpi Guamán, José Narciso; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
Background: The threat of extinction posed on different unprotected genotypes from the Andean Ranges of Ecuador is calling for new studies and preservation measures to keep the biological diversity of the area, which has enormous perspectives for human nutrition. The aim of this paper was to compare the sizes and weights up to the weaning stage of native Ecuadoran cavy litters in Azuay province, with the Peruvian-bred line. Methods: The study took place on Irquis experimental farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Ecuador. The database was based on the records of breeding animals screened among farmers from Azuay and Cañar, and it included their phenotypic traits. Results: No significant differences were observed in the month of parturition, or the number of parturitions, or the genotype regarding the size of the litter at weaning. The data from Azuay and Peru were similar in terms of litter size at birth (3.1 and 3.2, respectively). However, it was higher regarding litter weight at birth and weaning (432 and 837 g, compared to the 313 and 570 g from Azuay, but no different from Cañar). Conclusions: The native genotypes from Azuay and Cañar were inferior to the Peruvian genotype, in terms of birth weight and weaning weight. Azuay was no different from Peru, according to litter size at birth or weaning. The potential observed in this genotype should be further developed.
Eficiencia técnica en granjas lecheras de la sierra andina mediante modelación con redes neuronales
(2019) Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguirre De juana, Angel Javier
Aim: The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of milk production in 1 168 cases in Ecuadoran Sierra Sur Andina, with the implementation of neural networks with multilayer perceptrons. Materials and Methods: These cases were collected from secondary samples provided by the Official Institute of National Statistics of Ecuador, in 2016. The variables chosen for the model were total milk production on the previ-ous day (P), as dependent variable; and total cattle heads (CH), total laborers in the field (E), and total surface at-tended by laborer (S), as independent variables. The selection criteria were the existence of data from individual cas-es, and their impact on the dependent variable. Results: The average efficiency was 8.11 %, from which the total cases detected efficiently (> 0.70) accounted for 11 (0.9 % of the sample). Later, the cases studied were classified into three groups, depending on the efficiency calculated: Group 1 (≤ 0.4 efficiency); Group 2 (> 0.4 - ≤ 0.7 efficiency); and Group 3 (> 0.7 efficiency). Conclusion: A comparison produced several statistical differences (P < 0.01) for variables total milk production/year on the farm, total field laborers, farm size, total cows, total cattle heads, calvings, pregnant cows, and served cows.
Energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances in grazing cattle fattening systems
(2019) Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Acosta Gutiérrez, Zoe; Estévez Alfayate, Jorge Alberto; Ceró Rizo, Ángel E; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Soto Senra, Servando A; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Moreno Nápoles, Miguel
The aim of this work was to check the balance of energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus in pre-fattening and fattening bovine systems at Turiguanó Livestock Breeding Company, in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. The botanical composition of the farms evaluated was determined, and the energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances checked. The annual energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances were negative on the experimental farms. New strategies are required to enhance energy and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) use, and increase beef production during the final stage. Therefore, improvements in recycling, balance, and efficiency in the use of energy and these minerals are linked to increases in live weight/day, and better final weights during that stage.
Estimación combinada de número alelos, heterocigosidad esperada y observada en microsatélites de bovinos mediante metaanálisis
(2019) Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Soria Parra, Manuel Elías; Méndez Álvarez, María Silvana; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier
Evaluación de la eficiencia en la ceba de toros en pastoreomediante análisis envolvente de datos de panel
(2018) Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Curbelo Rodríguez, Lino Miguel; Estévez Alfayate, Jorge A.; Ceró Rizo, Angel Eduardo; Díaz y Aguirre, Mary Jo; Aguirre, Javier
A five-year study (2008-2012) was made to determine the bioproductive and financial behavior derived from the structures and resources available on ten private rustic farms, in the province of Ciego de Avila, Cuba. The pastureand forage yields were estimated for evaluation of their contribution and efficiency. Decomposition of seasonal time series was performed to determine the annual behavior of births, through a multiplicative model. Variance analysis for farm comparison was based on efficiency of dairy production, and financial indicators (SPSS, 15.0. 2006). Overall, the availability and quality of pastures and forages was insufficient, with negative annual forage balances. The farms evidenced birth seasonability, particularly farm No. 7 (April-May). However, the general birth rates were very low, as a result of inadequate reproduction management. The best productive and financial results were observed on farm No. 7 (1 061 kg/milk/ha/year, and $ 0.87 CUP/kg of milk produced, respectively)
Evaluación de la respuesta alérgica de pacientes caninos con dermatitis atópica mediante el Prick test
(2017) Ramírez Larco, Jenny Vanessa; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The objective of this research was to identify the main allergens reacted to the patients diagnosed with Canine Atopic Dermatitis (DAC), using the allergy test called Prick test, with 25 allergens grouped as: mites, insects, fungi, pollens and inhalants a 35 canine patients diagnosed with CAD after performing the food test to rule out food allergy. The study was conducted at the USFQ Veterinary Hospital; Veterinary Medican Clinic; Consultorio Veterinario Mascotitas, with patients derived from other clinics and clinics of the Metropolitan District of Quito. 25 allergens were placed on the flank of the depilated patient in the same order for all patients with positive (histamine) and negative (diluent) controls to observe the reaction. The statistical analysis consisted in determining the frequencies of each allergen for all patients, for the Schnauzer breed, for both sexes and for the ages; smaller animals and over 2 years old. There was reaction to all tested allergens except the Dog Wool allergen. There was no significant association between the age factor and none of the allergens studied. It was found a greater sensitivity of the females against the insect cockroach allergens and Poa spp. The Schnauzer breed was the only one that reacted to the allergen Polvo Cuarto Sierra.
Evaluación del marcador de resistencia natural Nramp1 en Brahman, Criollo y Holstein
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-11-14) Hurtado Bermeo, Karina Marcela; Rosado Rodas, María Elisa; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
Cattle farming is considered one of the main sources of economic income in Ecuador. For this reason, many producers have focused on productive improvement through genetic crosses with foreign breeds, which has caused the decrease of the endemic Criollo cattle population, and the loss of its adaptability properties associated with resistance to bacterial diseases of importance in our country. The Nramp1 gene has characteristics considered determinants in the presence of an infection by various intracellular pathogens. For this reason, scientists have based their research on determining whether the polymorphism of this gene can explain the racial variation in susceptibility to different diseases. This research evaluated the existence of a polymorphism in the coding sequence of the Nramp1 gene among cattle of the Holstein, Brahman and Criolla breeds. For this purpose, 30 total DNA samples from each of the mentioned breeds were used. Genotyping was carried out by PCR and SSCA for the detection of polymorphisms of the SPN4 and SPN5 loci of Nramp1. The alleles found for SNP4 express a single homozygous fixed allele (A) in all homozygous individuals, and for SNP5 the Holstein breed reveals a homozygous fixed allele (A), while in Brahman and Criollo cattle, a high predominance of heterozygosity (AB) was found. In conclusion, it was shown that there is variation in the alleles that encode the Nramp1 protein between breeds, however, the existence of a polymorphism was not proven
Evaluación genética de los alelos A1 y A2 de β-caseína en 5 razas bovinas
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-14) Ruiz Alvarez, Karol Priscila; Salmerón Jiménez, Carmen Elizabeth; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The production of bovine milk is the main source of economic income for families in the Ecuadorian Austro, it is considered an essential product for their consumption. For this reason, farmers must take into account the quality of the milk they produce. The A2 variant of the βcasein gene has beneficial properties as it acts as a triglyceride and cholesterol lowerer. On the other hand, the A1 variant affects opioid receptors. Therefore, genetic evaluation was performed to determine the frequency of alleles A1 and A2 of the β-casein gene in five cattle breeds. Also, two sets of primers were compared for the identification of alleles. A total of 179 blood samples were collected from cattle from farms in the provinces of Azuay, Cañar and Guayas; PCR amplified the β-casein gene from DNA. The primer selected was the AS-PCR BC – ASPCR1For to obtain an amplicon of 854 base pairs, this was used throughout the laboratory analysis because it showed a much clearer and more defined band pattern in the electrophoresis results. The gene frequency for both the A1 and A2 alleles was 50% and the genotypic frequency was 92% for heterozygotes. For this reason, it is concluded that the population under study is in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and there is no inbreeding between races.
Factors associated with the presence of malassezia spp. In dogs with atopic dermatitis in quito, Ecuador
(2019) Heredia Cardenas, Rafael Antonio
Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are commonly isolated from different areas of the body in dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. The proliferation of these yeasts may trigger clinically relevant hypersensitivity responses in patients with CAD. There are also reports that there is some association with certain body areas and predisposing factors such as gender, race, or age, among others. The objective is evaluate the factors associated with the presence of Malassezia spp. yeasts in dogs with atopic dermatitis in Quito, Ecuador. A total of 800 patients who attended a dermatological clinic at Veterinary Care Centers in Quito were evaluated, among whom 10% (80 dogs) were diagnosed with CAD. Epidemiological data were collected and cytological samples comprising ear culture swabs, imprints, or Scotch tape samples from different areas of the body, were taken. Each sample was stained and analyzed under the microscope. The 86.2% of dogs with CAD presented Malassezia spp. Dogs aged less than two years (32/80) had an association with the presence of Malassezia (Chi-square = 35.83, P = 0.0001), as did dogs from Quito (52/80), (Chi-square = 41.02, P = 0.0001). Both ears, right (32/80) and left (35/80), showed association with a severe or stern load of Malassezia spp. Age and residence in the Quito area are factors associated with the presence of CAD. Ears are areas that are severely affected by Malassezia spp. © 2019, Veterinary Solutions LLC. All rights reserved.
Growth trait heredity in two cavy sublines native to the ecuadoran mountain range
(2019) Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Cero Rizo, Angel E
Background: studies on conservation and breeding programs for cavy in South America have not been published; Therefore, the objective of this article was to analyze the genotypic and environmental factors that act on the growth traits of a cavy line native to South America that is located in the Ecuadorian Cordillera. Methods: The study was carried out in the Irquis experimental farm, of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, using two native sub-lines of cavy from rural breeders in the provinces of Azuay and Cañar. Age weight and daily weight gain (g) were analyzed by a mixed variance analysis of litter size (5), season (semester), gender and number of births of the mother as fixed effects, using software R 3.4.4. The random effects were performed by the Azuay (1) and Cañar (2) sublines, and their male parents. The basic statistical values were determined. Results: birth weight, weaning weight and weight at 90 days in grams were 110.2 ± 1.81, 117.0 ± 1.44; 212.2 ± 4.30 and 221.13 ± 3.38; 540.7 ± 12.01 and 659.1 ± 9.44, respectively. Inheritance values for these traits were 0.09 ± 0.101, 0.34 ± 0.201 and 0.11 ± 0.111. In addition, the weight was analyzed at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after birth, which included gains at each age. The BLUP predictors for the parents of the two sublines were determined. The variation and heritability allowed the selection of weaning weight at 90 days. Conclusions: this line showed low levels of growth, although the observed variations were adequate. Their inheritance could lead to the expected favorable results, provided that a medium-term selection program is implemented.
Heredabilidades de rasgos de crecimiento de dos sublíneas de cuyes nativos de la sierra ecuatoriana
(2019) Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ceró Rizo, Angel Eduardo; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
Background: There are no studies that allow developing these programs for their conservation and genetic improvement of South American cobays. The objective of this article was analyze genotypic and environmental factors that influence the growth traits of a native line of guinea pigs from the south of the Ecuadorian highlands. Methods: The work was carried out in the experimental farm of Irquis of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, with guinea pigs belonging to two native sublines originating from rural breeders of the provinces of Azuay and Cañar. The weight-for-age traits and the daily weight gains measured in grams were analyzed using a mixed variance analysis model with the fixed effects; size of litter (5), time (semester), sex and number of delivery of the mother with software R 3.4.4. The sub-lines Azuay (1) and Cañar (2) and the parents within sublines formed the random effects. The basic statisticians were determined. Results: The weights at birth, at weaning and at 90 days, measured in grams, were 110.2 ± 1.81, respectively, and 117.0 ± 1.44; 212.2 ± 4.30 and 221.13 ± 3.38; 540.7 ± 12.01 and 659.1 ± 9.44. The heritabilities for these characters were 0.09 ± 0.101; 0.34 ± 0.201 and 0.11 ± 0.111. In addition, weights were analyzed at 30; Four. Five; 60; 75 and 90 days of births and earnings among all ages. The BLUP predictors were determined for the parents of both sublíneas. Variation and heritabilities allow to apply selection in the weight at weaning and at 90 days. Conclusions: The line showed low growth levels, but there is enough variation and its heritabilities would allow to expect favorable progress in case of a medium-term selection program.