Browsing by Author "Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo"

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A study of microgrids through cooperative games including the effect of geographical proximity.
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2017) Sanango Fernandez, Juan Bautista
Given the growing demand for energy and the diversification of its sources, electric utilities have seen the need to incorporate distributed generation in their systems in order to minimize energy losses and raise quality indicators. In this context, it is important to have mathematical tools to assist the management of energy exchange between all players in an electrical system (customers, generators, and "prosumers"). The theory of cooperative games offers tools that are able to model the exchange among coalitions formed by elements of a system. Specifically, we adopt an existing algorithm that simulates the exchange of energy between microgrids as a cooperative game. In order to avoid the consideration of unrealistic coalition formation scenarios, we modify this algorithm by including the effect of geographical proximity. The resulting strategy was implemented in MatLab and was applied to a simple case study. Both the effect of including this restriction on the reduction of losses and the impossibility of forming the so-called grand coalition are analyzed.
AC transmission network expansion planning considering losses
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Morquecho Salto, Edgar Gonzalo; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Lopez Quizhpi, Julio César; Quizhpe Huiracocha, Klever Leonardo; Sempertegui Álvarez, Rodrigo Efraín; Solano Quinde, Lizandro Damián; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
This paper proposes to solve the transmission network expansion planning problem (TNEP) using the AC model formulated with full non-linear load flow equations, incorporating the cost of losses in the transmission network. Additionally, the decomposed formulation finds the location and amount of the reactive compensation needed in the system. A comparison between Evolutionary Programming (EP) and a variation of EP with a Cultural Algorithm (CEP) is presented to solve this very complex optimization problem. The results are obtained using Garver's 6-bus test system and IEEE 24-bus test system. Index Terms-AC model, Cultural Algorithm, Evolutionary Programming, Optimization, Transmission network expansion planning.
Análisis de integración de parques eólicos a la red de transmisión ecuatoriana. aplicación al proyecto Huascachaca
(2012) Chacho Ochoa, Pablo Florencio; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
Análisis de prefactibilidad en la adopción de vehículos eléctricos en una flota institucional. Caso de estudio: Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-06) Bermeo Ochoa, Jaime Esteban; Reino Asmal, Esteban Leonardo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
The new energy paradigm and the imminent need to migrate from fossil fuels to more sustainable alternatives, over time, have caused the modernization of both the automotive and electricity generation sectors. This paper deals with a pre-feasibility analysis of the implementation of sustainable technologies, electric mobility and photovoltaic distributed generation, using, as a case study, the current scenario faced by the University of Cuenca and proposing a series of models, which will be evaluated through four axes or types of analysis. The Diagnostic Analysis, through the measurement and processing of data, allows the identification of the capacity and performance of new technologies. Technical Analysis, through the implementation of current regulations and physical restrictions, allows the generation of models to be studied. In the Economic Analysis, it determines the investment for each model and makes its comparison, where it is concluded that the model that contemplates the implementation of electric vehicles presents lower costs than its diesel equivalent, even from the first year. The Environmental Analysis extends the capacities of the economic analysis considering emissions and externalities related to CO2, where it is concluded that the model that includes electric vehicles and distributed solar-photovoltaic generation represents more than a thousand times fewer emissions per year than its diesel equivalent.
Análisis de viabilidad técnico-económico de sistemas fotovoltaicos a pequeña escala con distintas tecnologías de almacenamiento
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
On a global scale, the use of renewable sources to produce electricity is increasing because of increased energy needs, volatility of prices of fossil fuels and environmental problems caused by them. This study performs a technical-economic analysis of small renewable systems with different storage technologies (lead, lithium and flow batteries) to determine the option to supply residential demand in the best operating conditions. The analysis is done to a photovoltaic (SFV) system that works both as island and connected to the grid and which supplies the energy demand to a type of housing in the city of Cuenca (Ecuador). The software used in this analysis is HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources), that facilitates obtaining an optimal configuration of an SFV, taking advantage of the existing solar resources in the area. From the analysis it is concluded that given its technical characteristics, a flow battery would be the one that best suits this type of systems. However, its cost (and size) is still an important barrier, favoring the use of lead batteries.
Análisis del impacto ambiental de las tecnologías termo-solares de concentración, usando la herramienta ACV (análisis del ciclo de vida)
(2015) Estrella López, José Julián; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
This research is part of a project named “Elaboration of a map of solar direct normal irradiance and analysis of industrial applications, techno-economic feasibility, and environment impact of hybrid solar thermal systems for Ecuador,” proposed by the National Institute of Energetic Efficiency and Renewable Energy - INER (the acronym for the name in Spanish), and developed by the University of Cuenca. The project includes among its main objectives: The development of a map of solar direct normal irradiance (DNI), the analysis of the techno-economic feasibility of alternatives of generation with solar thermal concentrators and its possible hybridization with other fuels such as natural gas and biomass, and the evaluation of the global environmental impact of the concentrators through the life cycle assessment (LCA). This investigation focuses in the last objective presented previously; thereby contributing to choose the technology that best meets the requirements of efficiency, cost and environmental impact reduction. For this study, it will be deeply investigated each one of the four technologies of solar thermal concentrating systems that are required to be analyzed establishing criteria for the comparison based on the methodology proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the standards 14040 and 14044 to obtain a full inventory of inputs and outputs of energy and matter, using SimaPro 8 for the LCA used by the INER.
Análisis del impacto de la implementación de la tecnología V2G en redes de distribución eléctrica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-14) Delgado Ávila, Erick Gabriel; Medina Muima, José Luis; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Gonzalez Morales, Luis Gerardo
This document presents an analysis of the impact of V2G technology implementation in distribution networks, taking as reference an urban residential area of Cuenca, belonging to feeder 0324, owned by Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centrosur C.A. This study uses the software CYME / Cymdist. The analysis is focus on the distribution lines and distribution transformers load level, voltage levels, feeder demand, and feeder losses. For this, the use of the electric vehicle (EV) has been modeled and its main electrical parameters have been determined. The analysis is carried out based on 14 study scenarios, based on penetration level of EVs, behavior of electrical demand and type of EV. From the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the behavior of the electrical network with V2G, and compare between the scenarios proposed
Análisis del impacto en transitorios y niveles de tensión relacionados con la conexión de micro-redes eléctricas al sistema de distribución
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Zambrano Asanza, Sergio Patricio; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
This article presents an analysis of the impact on the distribution system produced by the so-called micro-grids (micro-electric networks), supplied by small generation sources. Studies are developed in both steady state and dynamic state to obtain results that do not affect the network or consumers. The analysis is performed for photovoltaic, wind, diesel generator, gas generator, and mini-hydropower systems, which are part of the University of Cuenca’s micro-grid. The software used for this work was DIgSILENT PowerFactory, enabling the conduct of power flows and electromagnetic transients (EMT) studies. Technical impacts caused by the micro-grid on losses, voltage profiles, overhead lines when it is installed to the closer distribution network are detailed. Also, a sensitivity study is carried out to know if the distribution network is suitable for the interconnection of a micro-grid under the concept of Distributed Generation - GD.
Análisis del uso de un secador solar para madera en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2017) Contreras Vidal, Raúl Oswaldo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
The drying of wood is a fundamental activity for the development of the wood and furniture industry. There are two ways to dry the wood: The first is the natural dry, where the water contained in the wood evaporates naturally, and the second way to dry wood is the artificial drying that is done through the use of equipment and suitable facilities known as conventional dryers, where the water is removed by controlling the temperature, humidity, and ventilation. From an introduction on the wood and its characteristics, a diagnosis of the situation of the wood and furniture industry is presented in the city of Cuenca and its surroundings, highlighting the importance of the drying process and the need to obtain dry wood to be used in this industry. The objective of this work is the development of a proposal for the manufacture of a Solar Dryer for wood where a study is made on its design, functions, and cost. The use of this technology is a real option for its development because there is technical knowledge, and there are climatic conditions suitable for its development. The operation of a solar dryer has characteristics similar to conventional dryers, for this it controls parameters such as initial humidity and final, drying time. In addition, a comparison of the materials, equipment and fuels with which conventional dryers and solar dryers are manufactured and operated. An evaluation of the costs of operation of the conventional dryer is realized. Solar dryer, analyzing fuel consumption, electrical energy and total operating costs between the proposed drying equipment and the conventional drying equipment, all in terms of similar production conditions.
Análisis para la Implementación de la Micro Generación Fotovoltaica en el Casco Urbano de la Ciudad de Cuenca con Base en la Regulación Arconel – 003/18
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-06-01) Rodríguez Déleg, Margarita Marlen; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
The work consists of an analysis of the photovoltaic potential in the residences of the city of Cuenca, using information from mono and polycrystalline silicon panels, to then contrast these results with the real consumption of the users. To do this, a specific residential sector of the city is taken as a sample, connected to a distribution transformer. One or more systems with photovoltaic microgeneration are proposed which can be connected to the electrical distribution network, such production will be used to cover all of the energy demand or a part of it, according to the subscriber's requirements. Likewise, an analysis of this distribution network will be carried out by simulation using OPENDSS software to know the impacts generated by these microgenerators on it. Finally, an economic and financial feasibility analysis will be prepared on the implementation of microgeneration and its measurement system (net metering) in the selected area. Through these analyzes, the objective is to know the impact that photovoltaic microgeneration would have on a distribution network in the city of Cuenca, and provide new information on the physical, technical and economic conditions that could be improved from the current ARCONEL- 003/18 regulation so that its successful application can be possible in the city or in the rest of the country.
Análisis técnico del mini-parque eólico de la Universidad de Cuenca: comparación de aerogeneradores de eje horizontal y vertical
(2018) Méndez Urgiles, Silvio Gabriel; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
In the last decade, electric sector in Ecuador has been developing in a speed-up way because of the population growth and expansion of the electrical demand of the country. This led the Ecuadorian State to propose a change in the energy generation matrix, promoting the development of renewable energies and particularly large-scale hydroelectric projects, in order to set aside the traditional paradigm that considers fossils fuel-based thermoelectric power plants as their main source of generation. This new impulse also seeks to expand electricity coverage and bring access to marginal rural sectors using small-scale renewable energies, where wind energy is one of the most viable options. However, this option has been, in practice, very little explored in the country. In the present project, an analysis of electric power generation in the mini- wind park farm of the University of Cuenca located in Tarqui parish of Cuenca canton, in the Irquis farm, is developed. The park is composed of three different technology wind turbines (vertical and horizontal axes), and located at different heights (18 and 24 meters). Starting from an evaluation analysis of the wind resource in the area with the data obtained from a meteorological station located at the installation site of the wind turbines, the required studies and comparisons are carried out, in order to determine the wind turbine that presents the best performance, as well as estimating the energy production of the mini-wind park farm, and estimating the percentage that covers the demand of the Irquis farm. The methodology and the results presented, convert this document into a pioneering study on small-scale wind generation in Ecuador.
Análisis técnico y económico para la implementación de sistemas de generación solar fotovoltaica para autoabastecimiento en la planta industrial y granja porcícola de la Empresa Italimentos CIA. LTDA
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-16) Aguilar Ramón, Jimmy Andrés; Illescas Barreto, Walter Sebastián; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Gonzalez Morales, Luis Gerardo
This titling work presents the technical, economic, and environmental study that involves the implementation of photovoltaic solar generation systems grid connected, which are intended to self-supply the energy demand of two facilities belonging to the Italimentos limited company; the first, in the industrial plant located in Cuenca city, Azuay province and the second in the pig farm that is located near to Santa Rosa, El Oro province. As a starting point, Regulation No. ARCONEL 003/18, updated through Nro. ARCONEL- 057/18 resolution, issued by the Electricity Regulation and Control Agency, is analyzed, which, as of the date of publication of this document, is the one that establishes the conditions for the development, implementation and participation of regulated customers that have a photovoltaic solar generation system in Ecuador. Then, the characterization of the electricity demand in the study areas is carried out through measurements carried out with a specialized energy analyzer, trying to know the impact that the proposed systems may have on the company's areas. Subsequently, after defining the existing solar resource in the areas of interest, through local and international meteorological sources, the technical analysis is carried out for the implementation of the systems seeking to obtain the highest possible efficiency and performance considering parameters that influence in the characterization of solar photovoltaic energy production. Then, with the results obtained in the technical analysis, the initial investment cost estimate for the projects is made, taking as a reference detailed prices in updated international bibliographic sources, which will serve as a basis to determine the economic-financial viability evaluated under different financing scenarios. Finally, the fiscal and environmental benefits are exposed, with which the company can benefit when implementing projects that incentivize the use of renewable energies and energy efficiency
Análisis y estimación de la demanda eléctrica con la implementación de vehículos eléctricos conectados a una red de distribución en Cuenca y el Ecuador
(2017) Vélez Sánchez, Johnatan Gerardo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
The present work aims to determine the impact of the introduction of electric vehicles (VEs) in a distribution network of the city of Cuenca and the scope that this would have at city and country level. For the determination of the impact of the VEs was started knowing the economic and socio-environmental advantages that this new technology would offer its potential users when compared to a traditional vehicle. In this analysis it was found that the performance of a VE depends on the type of battery used in it, since it depends on the autonomy and amount of energy for both consumption and delivery to the network. Knowing these factors, it was estimated the most appropriate time when this technology can be connected to the network, since the purpose should aim to flatten the demand curve, in this case the VE being a load connected to the system. In addition, when analyzing a specific feeder, the number of VEs that can be introduced into said network, as a load and as a source, was determined, since the EV can be present in the distribution networks in these two cases. Concluding that the electric vehicle is a sustainable and profitable way to meet the need for mobility of the population. This technology generates benefits both for the economy of a country and for the user who purchases a VE, reducing personal costs and national costs, being also friendly with the environment.
Análisis y metodología de evaluación de la polución lumínica causado por el alumbrado público en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2014) Guanuquiza León, Marco Vinicio; Quito Arias, Raúl Martín; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Pulla Galindo, Giovani Santiago
The main purpose of this thesis to introduce an efficient methodology in order to analyze the light pollution caused by street lightning in the city of Cuenca. To fulfil this purpose, important information was collected by using the sky quality meter (SQM-LU-DL). The results will be interpreted carefully because the weather conditions were different from the usual average. With this information, a definite scale to represent light pollution in cities was recommended in order to make light pollution maps in a specific city. However, such scale has to be analyzed in future projects. Cloud cover, temperature, and humidity are the three factors involved in light pollution. The last one had an important influence in the increase or reduction of pollution levels. Chapters 1 and 2 present a bibliographic review of topics related to light pollution as well as policies from different countries. Chapter 3 presents the methodology used for the collection of information and the varying conditions of the area. Chapter 4 introduces a methodology that is expected to be used by Centrosur in future tasks. This thesis also includes a cost estimate of its implementation as well as an estimated savings that might be achieved by reducing light pollution levels, based on experiences of specialized magazines. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are presented, too.
Análisis, especificación y desarrollo de procedimientos de operación para la gestión de la energía eólica en el Ecuador
(2012) Barragán Escandón, Edgar Antonio; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
Charge management of electric vehicles from undesired dynamics in solar photovoltaic generation
(2022) Zorita Lamadrid, Ángel Luis; Davila Sacoto, Miguel Alberto; Gonzalez Morales, Luis Gerardo; Aguirre Pardo, Ivania Carolina; Duque Pérez, Óscar; Hernández Callejo, Luis; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
Power generation from photovoltaic solar systems contributes to mitigate the problem of climate change. However, the intermittency of solar radiation affects power quality and causes instability in power grids connected to these systems. This paper evaluates the dynamic behavior of solar radiation in an Andean city, which presents rapid power variations that can reach an average of 7.20 kW/min and a variability coefficient of 32.09%. The study applies the ramp-rate control technique to reduce power fluctuations at the point of common coupling (PCC), with the incorporation of an energy storage system. Electric vehicle batteries were used as the storage system due to their high storage capacity and contribution to power system flexibility. The application of the control strategy shows that, with a minimum of five electric vehicle charging stations at the PCC, the rate of change of the photovoltaic can be reduced by 14%.
Criterios para toma de decisiones en casos de crisis de energía aplicado al sistema de distribución de la E.E.R.C.S.
(1993) Palacios Delgado, Esteban; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Ortega Delgado, Iván
Degradation analysis of 5-year field exposed photovoltaic modules using low-cost thermography, electroluminescence and I-V curve tests in Ecuador
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Dávila Sacoto, M.A.; Hernández Callejo, Luis; Gonzalez Morales, Luis Gerardo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
Detection of degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules is important for the maintenance and operation of solar PV farms to reduce production losses. Infrarred (IR) Thermography, Electroluminescence (EL) and I-V curve tracers are detection techniques that generally use high-cost equipment, which limits their use in developing countries due to the tight budgets they manage for research and development. This study shows the use of low-cost alternatives to determine the deterioration of 140 solar PV modules at the University of Cuenca-Ecuador. This array has functioned continually without fail for 5 years. Measurement equipment for degradation detection techniques with a cost of less than 1, 000.00USD is used and its application is validated with professional equipment. A power loss of 1.29% per year is obtained. In addition, the use of degradation values obtained from similar studies is proposed to reduce the effort of detecting deterioration modes, whose approximation allows the calculation of the power delivered by the installation with a 2.04% error. A method for the economic quantification due to the losses caused by the deterioration of solar PV modules is also exposed.
Desarrollo de una metodología para la ubicación de estaciones de carga de vehículos eléctricos, caso de estudio: ruta Cuenca–Guayaquil
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-12) Paute Torres, Jorge Andrés; Sempértegui Moscoso, María Emilia; Gonzalez Morales, Luis Gerardo; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo
In this work, the authors present a methodology to identify the location of fast charging stations for electric vehicles at interprovincial and/or intercantonal routes, using a mathematical model of a vehicle‘s energy consumption and based on various criteria that each potential location must comply for its final selection. In chapter 2, there is a review about electric vehicles, types of battery technologies, charging modes and types of connectors, among other topics. Subsequently, chapter 3 develops the study of a "quasi-stationary backward" mathematical model to estimate the energy consumption of an electric vehicle based on the dynamic behavior of a moving car on a road’s surface. Chapter 4 shows the procedure used for data acquisition with a vehicle using geolocation equipment and the vehicle's on-board computer. In addition, a mathematical model implementation and its calibration are carried on Matlab, as well as the validation through three test routes. Chapter 5 presents the methodological process developed to obtain the location of the fast charging station on the Cuenca - Guayaquil route via Colectora Cuenca – Puerto Inca (E582), using the proposed mathematical model on chapter 4. Chapter 6 explains the behavior of the PNE Solution 50 kW fast charging station and its impact on the quality of electrical energy, taking as reference Regulation No. ARCONEL 005/18.
Diseño de un sistema de gestión integral para el hexafluoruro de azufre en la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C.A.
(2017) Balcázar Carpio, Roberto Vinicio; Espinoza Abad, Juan Leonardo; Vázquez Palacios, Juan Antonio
The permanent growth and technological development of the Ecuadorian Electricity Sector has generated a consequent environmental impact on the atmosphere through the emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases (GEIF). Considering the absence of national environmental regulations that control the use of fluorinated gases, this technical project consisted of designing an Integrated Management System for Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas at the Regional Electricity Company Centro Sur C. A. (CENTROSUR), an entity that carries out distribution and Commercialization of electric energy. The design of this system identified 2 subprocesses involved in the direct use of SF6, an inventory of the SF6 was created using the methodology of mass balance proposed by the EURELECTRIC Association, knowing the existence of 34 electric equipments retired and not managed, what allows us to assume that these store a total of 219.3 kg of SF6, representing a potential risk of atmospheric emissions equivalent to a greenhouse effect of 5000.04 tons of CO2 if these are not briefly recovered. In addition, an environmental assessment identified 55 possible environmental impacts, the most significant negative impacts are health conditions and contribution to the greenhouse effect by emissions of SF6, finally created a Manual of Comprehensive Management and an Environmental Management Plan. The identified environmental and business benefits are: contribution to the reduction of GEIF from the electricity sector, improvement of processes / job performance, and improvement of corporate image by being a pioneer in SF6 management at the national level.