Browsing by Author "Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza"

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An aide diagnosis system based on k-means for insulin resistance assessment in eldery people from the Ecuadorian highlands
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Wong de balzan , Sara Null; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Severeyn, Erika
The lack of standardized cut-off values for the surrogate methods to diagnose Insulin resistance (IR) and the fact that the sensitivity of these methods have been studied in specific populations have limited their use in clinical routine. We developed a system that could aide to diagnosis IR in elderly people, analyzing four surrogate methods of IR estimation using a k-means clustering algorithm. Study subjects included 119 nondiabetic participants over 65 year old from Ecuadorian highlands. Blood tests included a two-point oral glucose test tolerance. The k-means clustering algorithm, was applied in one-dimensional experiments for the Homa-IR, Quicki, Avignon and Matsuda. The population was divided into three clusters: C N with normal values, C IR with IR and C a with values in between. The number of individuals classified in each C Ir was very different according to each method. With the cut-off values obtained, for each method, the system for the evaluation of IR in elderly people was developed. Our work is intended to aid physicians in the early detection of IR by using information from diverse methods.
Anthropometric index for insulin sensitivity assessment in older adults from Ecuadorian highlands
(SPIE, 2016-12-05) Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Wong De Balzan, Sara
A marked increase in the population aged 60 years and over is evident; the proportion of the older adult population will rise 18.6% in 2025. On the other hand, obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), diabetes and insulin resistance (or low insulin sensitivity-IS) are diseases related to lifestyle, they have become a social and public health problem. IS is the ability of cells to react due to insulin's presence; when this ability is diminished, low insulin sensitivity or insulin resistance (IR) is considered. Studies show that IS decreases with age, though no one knows exactly if it is directly due to aging or changes in muscle mass. IS can be determined using direct or indirect methods. This paper aims to propose an insulin sensitivity method design from anthropometries and lipid measures. The methodology consist in a simple correspondence analysis for determine the variables, and a parametrical optimization using Avignon method as optimal function. The database used is composed by 120 Ecuadorian older adults with and without MS. The results show that the proposed optimized method got a better correlation with Avignon compared to non-optimized method. The proposed method could discriminate between subjects with and without IR and with and without MS. This is an important contribution since other methods like HOMA-IR, which is the most used in clinical practice, cannot find these differences, this means that HOMA-IR is not sensitive for IS estimation in elderly people. Future works will focus in the determination of cutoffs for insulin resistance diagnosis in the proposed method.
Calidad de vida en el adulto mayor en las parroquias rurales de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2013
(2014) Siguenza Pacheco, María Belén; Siguenza Pereira, Carlos Andrés; Sinche Cedillo, Nabila Gabriela; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Introduction. According to the OMS in 2000 there were about 600 million older adults; this number would double by 2025, considering that individuals are vulnerable, and that they live with very poor social consideration which would determine their quality of life. General objective. Set the Quality of Life for Older adults who live in rural parishes of Cuenca in 2013. Methodology. Descriptive study which allowed us to know how older adults see themselves and their environment. We worked with 350 senior citizens, applying the instrument WHOQOL - BREF, developed by OMS with 26 questions, which compares the quality of life in terms of social, biological, physical and psychological determinants studied during 2013. SPSS15 program was used with frequency measurements, standard deviated, Chi square. Results. The average of age was 74.8 years. The 61.27% responded that their quality of life in general is normal, at least 1 of 4 older adults rated as poor quality of life. According satisfaction with their health, 48.3% answered satisfactorily, however 44.9% feel dissatisfied and 2.6% very dissatisfied, the best results were men who live with their mates and have completed high school. Discussion. We found that in most cases it is good or acceptable and extreme scores were not recorded, indeed, most came to the midpoint, the lowest scores were observed in the domain environment. KEYWORDS: QUALITY OF LIFE, OLDER ADULTS, HEALTH, AGING
Calidad de vida y funcionalidad familiar en el adulto mayor de la parroquia Gguaraynag, Azuay. 2015-2016
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) Segarra Escandón, Marco Vinicio; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Objective: Determine the relationship between quality of life of the elderly, family functionality and sociodemographic factors. Also, to determine the family's perception of the quality of life of the elderly. Methodology: There was a mixed quantitative cross-sectional analytical and qualitative study of ethnographic type. The study included 146 participants who met the inclusion criteria and who signed the informed consent. The quality of life was measured with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and the family APGAR was used to provide family support. To search for the association, the RP was used with a CI95% and for statistical significance the chi square was accepted a value of p <0.05. For the qualitative, the focal group technique was used. Results: Low quality of life was concentrated between 23 and 28%, family dysfunction was related to poorer quality of life and health (RP 1,8 CI95% 1,094–3,008), social relationships (RP 2,0 CI95% 1,223–3,515) and the environment (RP 2,8 IC95% 1,632–5,087). Relatives perceive as factors that favor quality of life are a good health, work, participation, affection and solidarity. Conclusions: Quality of life is related to family functionality in three of its four dimensions
Caracterización de escherichia coli fecal no patógena y factores asociados en leucemia infantil, SOLCA, Cuenca 2011
(2011-11-11) Muñoz Ortíz, Eudoxia Georgina; Palacios Espinoza, Elvira del Carmen; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Iñiguez, Diana
Introduction: Escherichia coli fecal resistant is a risk to leukemia children health´s. The gut is a source germ´s and generates septicemias. Objective: Characterizer Escherichia coli fecal non pathogen from children with leukemia and determinate the associate factors like: type of leukemia, neutropenia, antibiotic treatment, hospital stays, in SOLCA, Cuenca, 2011 Methodology: It was a transversal study, the universe were the children under 15 years old with leukemia diagnoses, the information gets of the institutional system´s. We establish sensibility or resistance with the CLSI guidelines. The bioethics committee approved this study. We used the EPIDAT program, descriptive statistics, square chi to statistic significance, prevalence reason’s with 95% IC to association. Results: We estudied 55 isolates of Escherichia coli fecal, were resistant to Trimetoprim sulfametoxazol (50,9%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (30,9%), Ceftazidime (16,4%), Cefotaxime (16,4%), Ciprofloxacin (14,5), also Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases ESBL (10,9%). The neutropenia was associate to ESBL (p=0,01); the antibiotics intake was associate to ESBL (p=0,01). The hospital stay in the last month and six last months were associate to ESBL (p= 0,001). The ESBL was associate to ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusion: There was Escherichia coli fecal resistant to Trimetoprim sulfametoxazol, amoxicillin-clavulanate, Ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, also ESBL. The neutropenia, antibiotics intake and hospital stay are associate factors. KEYWORDS: PREVALENCE, RESISTANCE, ESCHERICHIA COLI, Β-LACTAMASES
Colecistectomía laparoscópica: experiencia de 20 años en el Hospital Militar Mayor Alberto Alvarado Cobos, Cuenca, 2015
(2016) Ulloa Gómez, Felipe Ismael; Vega Cuadrado, Henry David; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Introduction: Colectomy, the most common reason for this procedure to take place is the presence of pathology level gallbladder. Today, laparoscopy surgery is the treatment of choice. Objective: Identify the socio-demographic and clinic factors of laparoscopy colectomy surgery at the Military Hospital located at the city of Cuenca. This Military facility was chosen because of its twenty years of experience in the previous mentioned procedure starting from January 1996 until July 2015. Methodology: It was a descriptive and retrospective study. It was reviewed clinical charts from patients submitted to laparoscopy colectomy surgery in the past twenty years. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were selected 480 clinical charts to work with. Data was collected from a survey. In order to analyze data, the program SPSS 22 and Microsoft Office were used. We used descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages Results: For this procedure, 61.7% of the participants were female and 38.2% were male with average age of 50.77 years old (DS= 0.727). Surgeons on the previous mentioned medical facility performed this surgery. Surgical instructions were as follows: Choletithiasis 60.2%, Acute Cholecystitis 29.2%, Gallbladder Polyps 4.7% Choledocholithiasis 4.5%, and Scleroatrophic Gallbladder 0.9%. The post-operatory patient stay was 80.6% lesser or equal to three days and 19.4% higher or equal to four days ( =1.09 and DS=0.292). The rate of conversion to open surgery was 0%. The surgical time was 50.2 % between 31 and 60 minutes, and 46.2% higher than 60 minutes ( =42.43 min and DS=0.564). Conclusion: Results should be interpreted with caution due to its retrospective nature. In general, results were acceptable and comparable to the rest of the series on the bibliography
Concordancia entre la balanza de silla y la balanza de piso para la medición de peso en los adultos mayores del centro de atención al adulto mayor de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-06-10) Donoso Arízaga, Daniel; Jiménez Pacheco, Paúl Esteban; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Background: establishing the weight of the older adult is important for their health; however, the estimation of weight by doctors and health personnel is usually imprecise, adding to the questioning of the instruments used to take it. Objective: to validate the weight measurement of the chair scale versus the floor scale in older adults of Cuenca city using the Bland-Altman graphic method. Methods: a concordance study was carried out in 204 older adults from the “Centro de Atención al Adulto Mayor” in Cuenca. The demographic and anthropometric data was conducted by a form created by the authors. The weight was measured on the ADE model M304641-01 floor scale and on the ADE model M400660 chair scale. The data was tabulated and graphed in the statistical software SPSS version 25.0. The analysis of the information was based on the Bland-Altman method with calculations of limits of agreement with 95% confidence intervals and bias for which statistical significance <0.001 was defined. Results: the mean difference between the scales was -0.31617 kg with a bias of <0.001, with the chair scale, being the one that overestimates the calculated weight, this difference raises to -0.6 kg in patients with 100 kg or higher. Conclusions: using the Bland-Altman method, the mean difference between the scales was -0.32 kg, which is statistically significant, so there is no concordance between the two scales analyzed.
Confiabilidad del cuestionario internacional de actividad física en adultos mayores de la sierra ecuatoriana
(2020) Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Aucapiña Camas, Noemi Maricela; Avila Andrade, Marcela Estefania; Buri, Ivanna; Wong de balzan , Sara Null
Introduccion: La actividad fisica puede influenciar positivamente sobre la calidad de vida de adultos mayores, mejorando su funcionalidad y previniendo la discapacidad; de ahi la importancia de buscar una herramienta que permita evaluar la actividad fisica en personas mayores de 65 anos.Objetivo: Establecer la confiabilidad del cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Fisica version corta, en una poblacion adulta mayor de 65 anos de la sierra ecuatoriana.Material y metodos: Se determinaron los niveles de actividad fisica alto, moderado y bajo en 387 adultos mayores usando el cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Fisica version corta (IPAQ-C). Fueron incluidos adultos mayores de 65 anos de ambos sexos. El cuestionario se aplico en dos ocasiones con un lapso de 1 a 2 semanas (IPAQ1 e IPAQ2). Se utilizo el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase para la fiabilidad intraobservador, el alfa de Cronbach para la consistencia interna. Los resultados fueron analizados en SPSS.Resultados: El mayor numero de adultos mayores participantes estuvieron entre los 65 a 74 anos (64,6%) y en su mayoria mujeres (63,6%). El grupo etario entre 65 a 74 anos, fue el grupo que presento mayor nivel de actividad fisica alta. Con el aumento de la edad el nivel de actividad fisica alta disminuyo (p < 0,001). Los valores del Alfa de Cronbach para el IPAQ1 e IPAQ2 fueron 0,685 y 0,701 respectivamente. La confiabilidad intra-observador total fue de 0,866.Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran niveles elevados de actividad fisica. Los valores hallados para medir la confiabilidad y la consistencia interna permiten concluir que el IPA-C es adecuado para la evaluacion del nivel de actividad fisica de la poblacion adulta mayor de la sierra ecuatoriana.
Correlación entre glucosa basal y hemoglobina glucosilada en el adulto mayor en el cantón Cuenca, 2015
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Ulloa González, Mery Patricia; Velásquez Segarra, Katherine Alexandra; Macero Méndez, Reina María; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome and diabetes among elderly people are caused by alterations in the metabolism of glucose. The determination of glycosylated Hemoglobin has been an exact indicator of glycaemia among individuals for the last three months allowing to have a proof of their health condition. OBJECTIVE: To establish the correlation between the basal glucose and the glycosylated hemoglobin and its association with the metabolic syndrome among elderly people in the city of Cuenca. METHODOLOGY: It is a descriptive research, the participants were 126 elderly people. For this study, the automatic calculator EPI INFO was used. A group of participants with metabolic syndrome met to the Adult Treatment Panel (APT III) criterion. A survey was applied to collect information and blood samples were taken to determine basal glucose and glycosylated Hemoglobin. The gathered data was processed through the SPSS 20.0 version, Excel, and MedLab programs. The values were classified according to age and sex frequency and the relation to the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: 126 patients between 65 and 96 years old were analyzed, being female elders more frequent, with a 65.1%. The population with metabolic syndrome was 50.8%. The mean of glucose was 87.16% and of HbA1 was 5.65%. After the analysis, a 92% were found in the normal rank of glycaemia and a 92.8% of HbA1. A 4.8% was located in the rank of prediabetes and in the rank of diabetes, a 2.4%. Through Pearson correlation ratio, it was determined a moderated correlation between basal glycaemia and glycosylated hemoglobin: 0,418. It was observed a small relationship, between glucose metabolism alteration and metabolic syndrome due to the 12.5% of patients with this illness showed hyper glycaemia and an 11% HbA1 alteration
Correlación entre la calprotectina fecal y hallazgos patológicos endoscópicos en pacientes con dispepsia atendidos en el Centro de Especialidades en gastroenterología González en el período enero-diciembre 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-14) Vásquez Moscoso, Ana Isabel; González Dominguez, Camila María; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Background: When approaching a patient consulting for gastrointestinal symptoms, differentiating an organic gastrointestinal disorder from a wide range of functional disorders can be a complicated task due to their similar symptoms. Given this, Fecal Calprotectin (FC) appears, a non-invasive, inexpensive and easy-to-apply test. Objective: To determine the correlation between FC and endoscopic pathological findings in patients with dyspepsia treated at the ¨González¨ Gastroenterology Specialty Center in the period January-December 2019. Methodology: Descriptive correlation study in patients with dyspepsia. Patients treated at the "González" Gastroenterological Center during the period January - December 2019 were included. The information was collected using forms prepared by the authors. Chi-square (X²) was used to evaluate statistical significance. Correlations between variables were determined using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The sample consisted of 149 patients, of which 56.8% (n = 84) were female and 30.9% (n = 46) were ≥ 65 years old. The average general age was 56 ± 17 years. Statistical significance was found between CF positivity (≥50 μg / g) and variables such as age group (p = 0.031), pathological findings (p=0.001) and diagnosed pathologies (p = 0.015). CF positivity was positively and moderately correlated with alarm signs (r = 0.437) and weakly with pathological findings (r = 0.298). Conclusions: Fecal calprotectin was positively correlated with pathological findings in endoscopic examinations in patients with dyspepsia.
Corrigendum to “Eating healthy”: distrust of expert nutritional knowledge among elderly adults [Appetite 165 (1 October 2021) 105289] (Appetite (2021) 165, (S0195666321001963), (10.1016/j.appet.2021.105289))
(2022) Suarez Ontaneda, Maka; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Torres Carrasco, Maria Elissa; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Kuritzky, Amy; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth
The authors regret to inform that the affiliation of the author María Elissa Torres is wrong, she made this research and writing as part of Universidad de Cuenca, in Cuenca, Ecuador not in UDLA, Quito, Ecuador as it is published. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Determinación temprana de pérdida de masa ósea en mujeres postmenopáusicas mediante densitometría ósea periférica, en los hospitales Vicente Corral Moscoso, Militar y José Carrasco del IESS, Cuenca 2000
(2001-11-11) Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Rodríguez G., Gabriel; Guevara Pacheco, Sergio Vicente; Cañizares Aguilar, Aurelio Ernesto
Differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between adolescent and adult mothers in Ecuador
(FACULTY OF 1000 LTD, 2013-07-08) Quizhpe Peralta, Arturo Octavio; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Objectives: To investigate the differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between adolescent and adult mothers of children under the age of 5 years in Ecuador. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in four health centers and hospitals. Mothers of children under five years, seeking medical attention their child's upper respiratory tract infection (URI), were included. The data was collected through interviews, using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the topics knowledge of antibiotic treatment, risk and resistance. Results: 777 mothers were included in the study, of which 15.8% were adolescent and 84.1% adult mothers. There were significant differences in the social and economic characteristics of the mothers (p ? 0.05), with adolescent mothers being more likely to have an incomplete high school education and lack of basic services in their home. Significant differences between these groups were found in adherence to treatment, knowledge about risks associated with antibiotic use, and having heard of antibiotic resistance. Among the adult mothers, 83.5% reported correct adherence, 28.5% were knowledgeable about risks associated with antibiotic use, and 29.3% had heard of antibiotic resistance. Among the adolescent mothers, these numbers were 75.4%, 15.0%, and 19.8%, respectively. Conclusions: To develop successful interventions, it is crucial to understand the factors causing differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between mothers. © 2013 Quizhpe P A et al.
La Educación en Salud: uso de la simulación clínica y su introducción en la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2016-05) Borja Robalino, Brigith Vanessa; Tapia Cárdenas, Jeanneth Patricia; Clavijo Morocho, Nube Janeth; Buelvas Muza, Jorge de Jesús; Palcios Espinoza, Elvira del Carmen; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Peñafiel Peñafiel, Marcia Beatriz; Rojas Sulbarán, Rubén Darío
Efectividad del ejercicio físico, en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, en el Subcentro de Salud número 2 del Barrial Blanco, Cuenca 2010-2011
(2012) Ruilova González, Carmen Amanda; Serrano López, María Gracia; Segarra Espinoza, Edgar Enrique; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
ABSTRACT Background: This work is part of the "Of information and communication technologies" (ICT) research programme to improve the quality of maternal and neonatal care in the public services. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to determine the major causes of morbidity and maternal and neonatal mortality in the Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño in 2010. We analyzed compliance with quality standards according to the standard of the Ministry of Public Health, which provide staff, infrastructure, equipment, supplies and satisfaction of women attending and developed a strategic proposal for improving perinatal care. Methodology: A descriptive study, conducted at the Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño in 2010, 315 patients attended for childbirth, based on analysis of data collected from indirect sources: medical records, hospital discharges, perinatal histories (form 051), SIP database, qualifying standards. Results: The main causes of morbidity are: urinary tract infection (43%), abnormalities of the dynamics of labor (22%), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with proteinuria (7%). Neonatal morbidity, neonatal jaundice from other causes by unidentified: (44%), respiratory (15%), pneumonia (5%), sepsis (3%). Neonatal deaths are not recorded. With regard to maternal and neonatal standard is met in more than 70%. There is a shortage of standard control chart partogram postpartum. Conclusions: There was no maternal or neonatal mortality. The main cause of maternal morbidity is urinary tract infection and neonatal morbidity of neonatal jaundice. Compliance with quality standards implemented by the MSP is insufficient.
Ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, según la clase social de mujeres del Azuay y Cañar, 2012
(2012) Robles Bykbaev, Zobeida Yaroslava; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Exercise of Sexual and Reproductive Rights, according to the social class of women from Azuay and Cañar, 2012. Sexual and Reproductive Rights are Human Rights, unknown and not exercised in our country, which causes lack of access to health services, maternal morbidity and mortality, previously researches have biologist and isolated determinants aspects perspective, all those relegate the cultural, economic and social aspects, hence the need for research with a holistic approach. OBJECTIVE: determine the prevalence of sexual and reproductive rights exercise and its association with social class of women goes to operating units health service of Azuay and Cañar. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, the sample was randomizated: 440 women (of childbearing age and / or pregnant: any quarter) residing in Azuay and Cañar over the past five years, women attended operational units of the Ministry of Public Health. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, prevalence ratio and multiple regression, we used the SPSS (15.3) and Epi Info (3.5.1). RESULTS: The best exercise of Sexual and Reproductive Rights were: pleasure (p<0.00), health care (p<0.00) and expression (P<0.03), but none reached the ideal (74.85%). Social class women B(OR = 5.29) and C (1.75), with pregnancy (OR = 2.88) and children (OR = 2.13), housewives or students (OR = 1.25) exercised better the Sexual and Reproductive Rights. CONCLUSIONS: Social classes women B and C, with pregnancies and children, housewives or students exercised better Sexual and Reproductive Rights, but none was exercised properly, it did not reach the 74.85% (ideal).
Estado nutricional del recién nacido y factores de riesgo en adolescentes embarazadas de 10 a 19 años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010-11-11) Cazar Ruiz, Jorge Vicente; Quito Riera, Lauro Bolívar; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Introduction.- The low weight of the newborn can occur in pregnant adolescents, with negative consequences for children, associated to mother’s risk factors. Objective: Is to determine the association between low birth weight of infants, born from adolescents (aged 10 to 19) with maternal and social risk factors, and compare them with the normal weight newborns of women aged 25 to 35. Methodology.- It is a case and control study: 130 low weight newborns of adolescents and 390 with normal weight of adult women assisted at HVCM hospital, paired by residence, instruction and gestational age. The information was obtained from a test applied to the mothers and from the anthropometry of children. The data were processed in SPSS and Epidat software. The descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) was used for the analysis, in order to establish the OR (Odss Ratio) association with a CI(95%) for the statistic significance, and logistic multivariate regression for control of the variables. Results.- The results show that the average-age was 17.16, corresponding to latest adolescence. The risk association between low weight and social demographic factors was identified: birthplace, OR 1.70; marital status, OR 3.28; occupation, OR 5.29; and maternal factors: first gestation, OR 18.34; missing prenatal control, OR 5.3; missing vitamin intake, OR 2.3; anemia, OR 4.39. Conclusion: There is a higher probability of low weight risk in the newborns of adolescent mothers, specially, with these factors: first gestation, rural birthplace, singles, students, missing prenatal controls, missing vitamin intake and anemia
Estado nutricional y asociación con actividad física en adultos mayores de la Provincia del Azuay, 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-13) Quito Parra, María Elena; Rodas Guamán, Christian Eduardo; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Background: The increase in older adults worldwide increases the incidence of mortality and morbidity associated with lack of physical activity and poor nutritional status. Objective: To determine the nutritional status and its association with the level of physical activity in older adults in the province of Azuay, 2020. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional analytical study with anthropometry, physical activity questionnaire and Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) applied to 400 older adults (AM), with prior signing of the informed consent. The data were analyzed in the SPSS v.15.0 program, descriptive statistics were used such as frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation and Odds Ratio with a 95% confidence interval and for statistical significance, (chi) ^ 2 with its p value. Results: Malnutrition according to BMI was 59.6%, predominating overweight with 30.8%; 33.2% of these presented low physical activity; there was a significant association between malnutrition according to BMI and low physical activity with men (p = 0.013), manual work (p = 0.004); association of overweight with low physical activity and manual work (p = 0.019); obesity associated with low physical activity and age between 75 to 84 years (p = 0.028), male (p = 0.029), low education (p = 0.029), manual work (p = 0.002); According to MNA, malnutrition was found in 39.5% of these, 42.4% had low physical activity; relationship between malnutrition and low physical activity in ≥ 85 years (p = 0.000), male (p = 0.000), with partner (p = 0.000), low education (p = 0.000), rural resident (p = 0.00), manual work (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Malnutrition existed in most of the MA according to BMI and MNA, in addition to a statistically significant association between these and low physical activity.
Estado nutricional y nivel socioeconómico en adultos mayores de la Provincia del Azuay, 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-22) Alvarado Romero, Samantha Natalí; Bedoya Ortega, María Elisa; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Background: older adults suffer many anatomical, functional, and hormonal changes due to aging and socioeconomic inequality increases the risk of malnutrition. General objective: to determine the association between nutritional condition and socioeconomic status among older adults in Azuay province, 2019. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive study in 400 older adults of 65 years or above was made in Azuay province. Moreover, anthropometric measurements were made and the INEC survey about socioeconomic stratification was applied besides the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The results were analyzed in SPSS 15.0 applying frequencies, and average and standard deviation. Odss Ratio was used for association with 95% confidence interval and for statistical significance with its p-value. Results: according to body mass index (BMI) it was found 59% of malnutrition and 30, 8% of overweight. The majority of older adults suffering malnutrition have a socioeconomic level of 42, 9% and 36, 11%. Nutritional status of thinness is associated to an age range between 65 and 74 years (OR 7,710) (IC95% 1,691 – 35,147). There is a significant relation between obesity, low socioeconomic level and high level of education (OR 3,813) (IC95% 1,119-12,994) and non-handwork job (OR 3,048) (IC95% 1,268-7,326). Conclusion: the majority of the population suffers malnutrition and prevalence of overweight. A statistic association between low socioeconomic level and thinness, and obesity, high level of education and non-handwork job were found.
Estudio aleatorizado para evaluar un programa educativo virtual en prescripción antibiótica para médicos rurales del Azuay, Cañar, Morona Santiago y Loja, 2011
(2012) Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
OBJETIVO Desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar un programa educativo virtual dirigido a médicos rurales de las provincias del Azuay, Cañar, Morona Santiago y Loja para la correcta prescripción de antibióticos en faringitis, infección del tracto urinario, diarrea infecciosa y piodermias. METODOLOGIA Estudio experimental aleatorizado doble ciego que contó con la participación de 102 médicos rurales de las provincias mencionadas durante el periodo febrero- octubre de 2011. Mediante plataforma virtual MOODLE se aplicó un curso sobre prescripción de antibióticos basado en las guías OPS, Sandford y del MSP a 53 médicos del grupo intervención y en otra plataforma un curso sobre “Análisis crítico de promoción farmacéutica” a 49 médicos del grupo control. Se evaluaron mediante aplicación de cuestionario antes y después los conocimientos adquiridos y la calidad de recetas antes y después del curso. RESULTADOS El curso virtual mejoró la media del puntaje de cuestionarios de 7,5/10 a 8,07/10, (p= 0,037) en el grupo intervención, así como el puntaje de las recetas en todos los diagnósticos. El riesgo relativo de la intervención sobre la presencia de mala prescripción fue de 0,53 (p= 0,0) y sobre la mala calificación en cuestionarios de 0,78 (p= 0,0). CONCLUSIONES La aplicación del programa educativo virtual por la plataforma MOODLE en médicos rurales, mejoró los conocimientos y la calidad de prescripción en consulta externa para faringitis, infección del tracto urinario, diarrea infecciosa y piodermias.