Browsing by Author "Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia"

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12th IFDC 2017 special issue – seasonal variations in nutrient composition of plant-based foods produced at the southern highlands of Ecuador
(2019) Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana; Astudillo Rubio, Gabriela Cristina; Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; Castro Nube, Cecilia; Astudillo Astudillo, Sonia Cecilia; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Changes in environmental conditions may influence the biosynthesis of several food nutrients. This study aimed to compare macronutrient and mineral composition over several seasons in 25 fresh plant-based foods that are highly consumed and locally produced in the southern Ecuadorian highlands. Samples were collected during the rainy season (October 2015–March 2016) and dry season (April–September 2016) from main local markets and supermarkets. Analyses of composite samples were carried out in triplicate following AOAC methods, determining moisture by desiccation, ash by calcination, total fat by Weibull, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl, total carbohydrates by difference, phosphorus by colorimetry, and minerals (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se, Cu and Zn) by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Overall, during the rainy season, significantly higher moisture content was observed (86.7 ± 9.0% vs. 85.9 ± 8.9%, p < 0.001), whereas fat (0.21 ± 0.21% vs. 0.31 ± 0.24%, p = 0.001), Fe (0.79±1.31 vs. 0.61 ± 0.98 mg/100 g, p < 0.001), Ca (50.4±68.0 vs. 23.0 ± 37.3 mg/100 g, p < 0.001), Mg (18.0 ± 11.4 vs. 15.2 ± 10.8 mg/100 g, p < 0.001) and Zn (0.35±0.69 vs. 0.2 ± 0.16 mg/100 g, p = 0.026 were significantly lower. This study demonstrates the influence of the season in the composition of vegetables cultivated in Ecuador. This factor, along with other sources of variability, should be defined, so as to be included in the quality assessments of representative food composition data. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
A century of trends in adult human height
(2016-07-26) Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3- 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8- 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
A school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Ecuadorian adolescents: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
(2014) Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Andrade Muñoz, Diana Jesús; Rojas Reyes, Rosendo Iván; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Kolsteren, Patrick
Background: Effective lifestyle interventions are needed to prevent noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. We analyzed the effects of a school-based health promotion intervention on physical fitness after 28 months and explored if the effect varied with important school characteristics. We also assessed effects on screen time, physical activity and BMI. Methods and results: We performed a cluster-randomized pair matched trial in schools in urban Ecuador. The intervention included an individual and environmental component tailored to the local context and resources. Primary outcomes were physical fitness (EUROFIT battery), screen time (questionnaires) and physical activity (accelerometers). Change in BMI was a secondary outcome. A total of 1440 grade 8 and 9 adolescents (intervention: n = 700, 48.6%) and 20 schools (intervention: n = 10, 50%) participated. Data of 1083 adolescents (intervention: n = 550, 50.8%) from 20 schools were analyzed. The intervention increased vertical jump (mean effect 2.5 cm; 95% CI 0.8-4.2; P = 0.01). Marginally insignificant, adolescents from the intervention group needed less time for speed shuttle run (intervention effect = −0.8 s, 95% CI −1.58-0.07; P = 0.05). The proportion of students achieving over 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/day decreased over time with the change in proportion significantly less in the intervention schools (6 vs. 18 percentage points, P < 0.01). The intervention effect on speed shuttle run was significant in larger schools while the effect on vertical jump was larger in mixed gender school compared to small and female schools. The proportion of schools that met the recommendations for physical activity increased with 37% in intervention schools with half-day schedule compared to the controls in the pair. No significant effects were found on screen time and BMI. Measurement of physical activity in a subsample was a limitation. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: A school-based intervention with an individual and environment component can improve physical fitness and can minimize the decline in physical activity levels from childhood into adolescence in urban Ecuador.
Alimentos funcionales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2008) Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Análisis bromatológico de algunos alimentos consumidos en el Azuay
(2008) Ortega Lituma, Gabriela; Pesántez Quezada, Mayra; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Análisis bromatológico de vegetales propios del Austro del Ecuador
(2007) Tenesaca Arcentales, Eulalia; Idrovo Ordoñez, Christian; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Análisis de datos de consumo de productos ultraprocesados en niños escolares de 6 a 12 años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-03) Chauca Quinde, Paula Estefania; Quintuña Siguencia, Diana Maricela; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
The consumption of ultra-processed products (UPF) in childhood has increased significantly in Latin America, being related to a greater risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as childhood obesity. In Ecuador this situation is worrying due to the high availability of UPF both at home and in the school environment. Based on this, this research aimed to analyze the consumption of UPF in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years in a rural educational institution in the Girón canton. Methodology: A descriptive observational study was carried out with 71 children, applying three instruments: sociodemographic survey, 24-hour recall (as a reference method) and the NOVA-UPF tracker. Chi-square tests and Fisher's test were applied to perform the statistical analysis. Results: The most consumed UPF were industrialized sauces (46.5%), packaged sweets (43.7%), sugary drinks (39.4%) and sweet cookies (28.2%). No significant statistical differences were found in relation to sex, but relevant differences were observed in some products according to age group. These findings emphasize the need to intervene in the school food environment.
Análisis del contenido de cloruro de sodio en mortadela comercial tipo I y validación de su etiqueta nutricional
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-26) Romero Chichande, Kelly Dayana; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Table salt, or sodium chloride, is an additive used in various forms in the food industry, vital for preservation and flavor in processed products. However, excessive intake can aggravate conditions such as arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization recommends consuming less than 5 g of salt per day, which is equivalent to approximately 85 mmol of sodium, to prevent and control such diseases. Processed meat products such as bologna are widely consumed and contribute large amounts of sodium to the diet. Therefore, it is important that consumers have access to products with the sodium concentration established by regulations and that nutrition labels disclose the actual amount of the nutrient. Due to the significant impact of excessive sodium consumption on health, this research was conducted to analyze the sodium chloride content in type I commercial mortadella and to validate the nutritional labeling and traffic light. Using Volhard's method, sodium chloride concentration was analyzed and sodium content was calculated in three brands of mortadella, using representative samples collected at three locations. The results showed that the amount of sodium is significantly higher than reported on the label in all three brands. One sample of the MZ brand exceeded the accepted threshold of up to 20%above the labeled value; however, all brands complied with the nutritional traffic light.
Análisis microbiológico de alimentos procedentes de diferentes centros de expendio en el Azuay
(2007-11-11) Adriana Beatriz, Bermeo Pacheco; Zaruma Guamán, Fanny Angelita; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Análisis microbiológico de los diferentes grupos de alimentos consumidos en la provincia del Azuay
(2007-11-11) Chunchi, Diana; Blandin, Paula; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Análisis microbiológico de los platos de hornado que son expendidos en los mercados del cantón Paute
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-08-27) Pérez Gallegos, Carlos Eduardo; Quito Acevedo, Ana Ximena; León Vizñay, Jéssica Andrea; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
The purpose of the present study is the microbiological analysis of the baking dish that is sold in the markets of the Paute canton of the province of Azuay, due to the conditions of preparation and expenditure of the product, since this rest for long periods of time at temperature environment modified thus the risk of microbial contamination. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out. For the analysis of the samples they were acquired in the different stalls of the markets of the canton, with a total of 30 samples where the analysis of five microbiological requirements was carried out: aerobic mesophiles, total coliforms / Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp according to PERUVIAN TECHNICAL STANDARD RM N 615-2003 for prepared products that carry ingredients with and without heat treatment. In Ecuador, there is no technical standard for this type of product. For the count of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, S. aureus and E. coli were performed using the plate count technique using 3MTM PetrifilmTM plates, and for Salmonella spp the Reveal 2.0 technique was used. The results obtained show that in the baking dishes expenses in the markets of the Paute canton, the majority include the parameters established by the regulations. It is important to mention that in the analyzed samples there is no presence of Salmonella spp. Foods that contain contamination indicate that the product could have been contaminated by various causes, such as: poor hygiene of the handlers, sanitary quality of the raw material, cross contamination by utensils or physical spaces used in the food process. At the end of the study, a training was carried out in coordination with the Justice, Constructions, Hygiene and Health Commissioner of the Canton Paute on good hygiene and food handling practices directly to the vendors of the baking stalls, in order to improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of food preparation
Autooxidación de lípidos en alimentos y posibles consecuencias en el ser humano
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-12-20) Morocho Arévalo, Margarita Beatriz; Quezada Nieto, Erika Estefanía; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Lipids are important compounds for proper human nutrition, as they contain significant amounts of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins that are provided to the diet (Domínguez, y otros, 2019). Lipids play an important role mainly in the taste of food, but at the same time they are very susceptible to decomposition or deterioration in this structure generating toxic compounds affecting the quality of the product and the health of the consumer. This deterioration of lipids in food can be generated by modifications that occur in their composition during storage, in food preservation or by the application of technological processes that are used in the food industry (Cabrera Hidalgo, 2019). The auto-oxidation process depends largely on the degree of unsaturation of the lipid fraction of the food, being faster and more intense in unsaturated oils and fats. Foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (AGP) are the most sensitive to oxidation, compared to monounsaturated fatty acids (AGM) and saturated fatty acids (AGS), the latter being the most resistant (Jacobsen, Paiva-Martins, Schwarz, & Bochkov, 2019). Lipid auto-oxidation is one of the most deteriorating alterations during food processing and preservation, as it significantly affects its shelf life, its organoleptic characteristics (such as smell or taste), as well as its nutritional value and that can lead to the generation of compounds of a different nature that are toxic to humans such as primary and secondary compounds (Ahmed, y otros, 2016; Zenga, Heinea, & Wilson, 2020). Therefore, the objective of this research project was to establish through a bibliographic review how lipid auto-oxidation occurs in food, its possible consequences on human health, and to identify the foods most susceptible to undergo a process of lipid auto-oxidation. The information was analyzed through a narrative bibliographic review based on an integrative investigation by critical evaluation and synthesis of all the scientific evidence of articles in journals and digital bases in English and Spanish, managing to resolve the existing information gaps about self-determination. Lipid oxidation in food, how this process is generated and which foods are most susceptible to suffering it, the consequences for the consumer due to the presence of compounds resulting from the auto-oxidation process and the most common diseases that develop due to the intake of these
Beneficios del consumo de magnesio en la alimentación
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-23) Cajamarca Cuji, Henry Daniel; Cordero Velín, Telmo Xavier; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
This degree work establishes a bibliographic review of the different benefits of magnesium consumption for human health. This nutrient is involved in many of the important metabolic and biochemical processes in the human body and is responsible for numerous functions in the organism. The methodology applied corresponds to a review and synthesis of the scientific evidence present in articles published in the last 5 years during the period January 2016 - October 2021 in scientific journals and digital databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, both in Spanish and English. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty articles were selected that focused on four main variables: 1) Magnesium content in food, 2) recommended intake in the human diet, 3) Magnesium metabolism in the body and 4) physiological effects of Magnesium on certain pathologies. Among the results, it was found that the food groups with the highest Magnesium content are seeds, legumes and cereals; Brazil nuts (376 mg), dried almonds (275 mg), amaranth (266 mg), oat flakes (177 mg) and caviar (300 mg) are the foods with the highest Magnesium content, which are recommended to cover the recommended intake of 400 mg in adults, however some are difficult to access and expensive. According to the studies reviewed, Magnesium has physiological effects in diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and acts as a protective element in cases of stroke.
Capacitación para una alimentación saludable a padres de familia de diez colegios en la Ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2011-11-11) Vintimilla Alvarez, María Cecilia; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Martínez Borrero, Juan
Caracterización de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos del agua para crianza de truchas en una hacienda, ubicada en Pichacay, provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-10) Sarango Japa, Laura Victoria; Ludizaca Ortiz, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
The water quality is of great importance for the growth, health, well-being, and survival of trout. The main objective of this thesis work was to determine the water quality of an artificial lagoon located in Pichacay, Azuay province, used for the breeding of rainbow trout, and thus determine the causes of death of more than 50% of these species. This work is based on a descriptive field investigation which allowed determining the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters as follows: dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature (T), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorus, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, pH, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliforms. Several representative samples were taken with repetitions at different points in the lagoon during a one-month period, following the standards established by national (TULSMA) and international (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater) organizations. Normal statistical tests and averages were used which indicated whether the detected parameter values were within or outside the critical ranges for the survival of the fish in question. After performing the physicochemical and microbiological analyses, it was concluded that the cause of death of the trout was due to asphyxia from low DO values, due to the increase in water temperature and the accumulation of organic matter. As a result, a series of recommendations have been issued to improve water quality.
Caracterización fisco-química y organoleptica del aceite obtenido de las semillas de linaza (linum usitatissimum)
(2010) Alvarez Lloret, Silvana Ximena; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Alvarez Carrión, Edgar
Catálogo fotográfico como herramienta para la estimación de la ingesta alimentaria en niños y adultos
(2012) Chumbi Cordero, Cristina Paola; Vásquez Aucancela, Miguel Antonio; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Zúñiga Carpio, Gabriela Alexandra
Introduction: Research collecting population-based food consumption data requires tools for estimating portions accurately to minimize errors. Nowadays, such tools are unavailable in Ecuador. This thesis aims to develop a photography manual as a tool for estimating dietary intake among children and adults. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five foods/recipes highly consumed in Cuenca-Ecuador were selected. Foods were selected according to previous research conducted by the Group Alimentació Nutrición y Salud-Universidad de Cuenca and by means of in depth interviews with housewives, and school food-kiosks/restaurants staff. The weight and volume of at least 20 portions served for children and adults was measured for each food item. For each food, the mean portion size was calculated seven portions. Each portion size was then weighted by means of a digital scale or measured using test tubes. Finally, a picture was taken to build the photography manual. Result: The proposed tool comprises 85 foods, includes 381 sheets with 1 photography each one, 227 photography for adults and 154 photography for children. The manual is divided into two sections the first one for 6 to 12 years old children and the second one for adults older than 18 years. Conclusion: The photography manual of Food Portions has been designed as a useful tool for food consumption evaluation among children and adults. The manual must be validated to verify its reliability.
Comparación del crecimiento microbiano en conservación de distintos vegetales en refrigeradores de tipo A y tipo B
(2014) Mejía Muñoz, Katherine Janneth; Orellana González, Jenny Fernanda; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
In the present study we analyzed a comparison between the microbial growth in the conservation of different vegetables that they were stored in the refrigerator type A and type B. We considered three different vegetables: “white onion”, spinach and lettuce. They were obtained in the Market “10 de Agosto”. For counting of indicator microorganisms such aerobic mesophilic, molds and yeasts, the vegetables were refrigerated in the type A and type B system. Later, we did an initial recount at time zero in the moment we got the vegetables, seven days after of staying in refrigeration in the both systems, and also 15 days after in the same conditions. The results of the recounts were analyzed statistically with the test “T student”. We demonstrated that the aerobic mesophilic recount had significant difference between the two systems, meanwhile, in the molds and yeasts recount did not have significant difference. They showed that the refrigerator type A could be better in the conservation of vegetables.
Concentración de cadmio y riesgo toxicológico del brócoli, zanahoria y lechuga que se cultiva en la parroquia Ricaurte del Cantón Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-12-21) Guamán Barrera, Elisa del Carmen; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems that humans have to face, in this context the determination of Cadmium in crops near industrial areas is of special interest as it is considered as a probably carcinogenic toxic compound that pollutes the environment, whose The main route of entry to human beings in non-occupational exposure is food. The objective of this study was the determination of the Cadmium concentrations in 45 samples of vegetables (broccoli, carrots and lettuce) grown in the Ricaurte Parish and the determination of the toxicological risk due to their consumption; For the determination of Cadmium in the samples, the AOAC 973.34 method was used and concentrations lower than 0.05 mg/kg were obtained. The toxicological risk evaluation was carried out through four points 1) Identification of the danger; This was developed through bibliographic reviews to learn about the toxic effects of metal. 2) Exposure assessment; here the Exposure Dose (DE) was calculated. 3) Dose response curve; Where the reference dose of Cadmium (DRf) was sought, which served to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) and Margin of Exposure (ME) and 4) Risk Characterization; The individual (IR) and population (PR) risk were calculated. This evaluation was carried out for men and women, the results of the ED in both cases was lower than the DRf, for HQ <1, for ME> 1, IR <1x10-6 and PR <1; It was concluded that there is no toxicological risk in the population of Ricaurte exposed to the consumption of other vegetables.
Consumo de fibra dietética en Ecuador, enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes tipo II. Un enfoque basado en la evidencia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-07-28) Rivera Gutiérrez, María Emilia; Samaniego Maldonado, Juan Diego; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of morbidity in Ecuador. Adequate dietary fiber intake has shown protective effects against these conditions, yet consumption among the Ecuadorian population remains insufficient. This study evaluated the relationship between low fiber intake and the prevalence of T2D and CVD. A literature review was conducted using digital databases such as PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and PMC. No restrictions were applied regarding publication year or language. A total of 33 studies related to fiber consumption, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes were included. The research concludes that higher fiber intake is associated with a 20 - 25% reduction in the risk of T2D and a 15-30% reduction in CVD. Improvements were observed in glucose levels, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers. These findings suggest that low fiber consumption in Ecuador contributes to the high prevalence of T2D and CVD.