Browsing by Author "Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Afrontamiento espiritual y calidad de vida en personas con esquizofrenia en un hospital psiquiátrico
(2019-06-14) Galarza Parra, Jhessenia Natalia; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects the proper functioning of those who experience it. The disease can lead to the development of spiritual coping strategies in order to reduce the discomfort caused by this circumstance and thus improve the quality of life of people. This research was quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross sectional. The aim was to describe the frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies and perception of the level of quality of life in people with schizophrenia in the Center of Rest and Addiction in the psychiatric hospital Humberto Ugalde Camacho in the city of Cuenca. The participants were 30 people between 19 and 67 years old with diagnosed of schizophrenia. The collection of information was carried out through a sociodemographic survey, the scale of spiritual coping strategies and the revised quality of life questionnaire. MCGILL. Data processing was carried out through the SPSS program. For the analysis of the information, were used techniques of descriptive statistics and the results were presented through tables and figures. There was a medium frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies (mean 33.25), those of a religious type were used mostly by women and non-religious ones by people who had sentimental couple The perceived level of quality of life of the participants was high (mean 1.97), those who had a sentimental couple presented higher levels in the physical, psychological, existential and in the total quality of life.
Afrontamiento espiritual y satisfacción con la vida en adultos con cáncer
(2018) Parra Merchán, Janeth Priscila; Velasco Pañi, Katherine Vanessa; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The objective of this research was to relate the frequency of use of spiritual coping strategies and the level of satisfaction with life in adults with cancer in the city of Cuenca. The study was developed with a quantitative approach, correlational scope and cross section. The total of the sample that participated in this investigation was of 70 participants belonging to the Oncology area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialties Hospital (IESS) in the city of Cuenca, to whom a sociodemographic record, Spiritual Coping Scale (SCS) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS). In relation to the results, the level of the life satisfaction of the oncological participants showed that it was slightly related to the use of spiritual coping strategies, (rs = .237; p = .048). That is why, the greater the use of spiritual coping strategies, the higher level of satisfaction with life. It is necessary to emphasize that the scales applied allowed us to identify the use of spiritual coping frequency and the level of satisfaction with life. As a conclusion of this, it can be said that it is important to promote, maintain and fortify the spiritual dimension in people who go through oncological experiences.
Cuidadores informales de pacientes psiquiátricos: sobrecarga y calidad de vida
(2015) Martínez Flores, Erika Tatiana; Sisalima Flores, Jaime Patricio; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
People with mental illnesses need extra care, and the informal caregiver who gives this must cope with, in addition to this task, their exposure to overload and the deterioration of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to establish the overload and quality of life in informal caregivers of psychiatric patients. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted where a survey was used to identify socio-demographic characteristics, the Zarit scale to measure the overload and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to ascertain the quality of life. The participants were 30 informal caregivers who were responsible for psychiatric patients. It concluded that the caregivers are generally women, mothers of patients with basic educations and without income. Of all the participants, half showed indications of overload; men were more intensely affected. Women are more affected in overall aspects of quality of life: physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment; both men and women were mostly affected as respects their psychological health.
Depresión en adolescentes con padres migrantes en un colegio del cantón Cañar
(2019-04-13) Velásquez Verdugo, Magaly Soledad; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The objective of this study was to describe the presence or absence of depression in adolescents with migrant parents in a school in Cañar city. The methodology of the research had a quantitative and descriptive focus; it was worked with 80 adolescents of both sexes, who had one or both parents living abroad. The instruments used for the study were the Tetradimensional Structural Questionnaire for Depression (CET-DE), and a form with sociodemographic and study variables. The internal consistency of the questionnaire in the investigation was 0.83, and for processing the data it was used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences in its latest version (SPSS 24). The results indicated that 7.5% of adolescents who had migrant parents have depression; in terms of the sociodemographic variable “sex”, it was shown that 5% of adolescents with depression are men and 2.5% are women; respect to the place of residence, 6.25% of adolescents with depression live in urban areas and 1.25% live in the countryside; Finally, in the last variable, having one or both parents in migration, the results showed that 5% of depressed adolescents had their father in migration, 1.25% had their mother out of the country, and the 1.25% had both of them living abroad. In conclusion, there is a low prevalence of depressive adolescents, however, if it is denoting a relationship between having migrant parents and having depression, this may be because the absence of parents causes emotional difficulties.
Evaluación del desempeño docente, perspectiva de los estudiantes en la facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-08-25) Pulla Brito, Juan Pablo; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
This research was quantitative, with descriptive and transversal scope. The objective was to describe the evaluation of the teaching performance according to the opinion of the students. The participants were 156 students. For the data collection we used a sociodemographic record and the Student Opinion questionnaire about Teaching. Data processing was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies (SPSS), the information was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and tables were used to present the results. The results presented a positive evaluation of the students towards their teachers. The total mean of all dimensions (mean 4.35) was higher than the average of the scale, the Attitude towards students dimension was the highest (mean 4.67) and the Support Materials dimension the lowest (mean 4.06). Both women and men evaluated with high scores. However, the total score of the women (average 4.38) was higher than that of the men (mean 4.24). The students who indicated that they had no learning problems, assessed with a higher total score (mean 4.37) while the students who reported presenting learning problems assessed with a lower total score (mean 4.18).
Factores de riesgo en las conductas autodestructivas en adolescentes de 10 a 13 años
(2011) Bazan Villavicencio, Diana Maricela; Tapia M., Mariela; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
La familia disfuncional como factor de riesgo en el consumo de drogas en adolescentes
(2012) Pinos Crespo, Karina Marcela; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Imaginario social, significados y prácticas sobre rituales de limpieza de sanadoras en los mercados de Cuenca
(2019-05-31) Saavedra Quezada, Cristina Roxana; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The increasing modernization and the technological advance have caused the degradation of these ancestral practices to simple charlatanism. The objective of the study was to understand the social imaginary about the cleaning rituals in Cuenca marketplace healers. The study group was six healers from the August 10, February 27, April 12, November 3 and October 9, with ages between 40-70 years old. The study was a qualitative non-experimental design of exploratory scope. The instruments for data collecting were the semi-structured interview and the non-participant observation. The results indicated that the cleanliness rituals are the product of the cultural syncretism of the belief systems and ancestral traditions that are mixed in each society. As for the meaning, according to these healers, the results showed that they serve to restore of people´s health, heal diseases and evil, and transmit good energies. Furthermore, the practices of these rituals allow people to be protected against future diseases, have the abilities to perceive if a person is sick or health, balance and maintain a contact with the spiritual world and release the stress of the organism. The instruments that these healers used were medicinal plants (ruda, santamaria, rosemary, pennyroyal), as well as colognes, egss, chili pepper, alum stones and chonta wood. Conclusions: the IS of the healers was based on practice, acquired skills and vicarious learning. Cleaning rituals maintain a triangular notion between God, the healer and the plants.
La estructura del comportamiento religioso, variable de análisis en la orientación educativa moderna
(2022) Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Homo religiosus experienced the natural world as a sacred space, the inclination to perceive the universe in this way was due to a deep spiritual motivation that is at the base of religious behavior. Spiritual experience is a biological phenomenological dynamic that prompted hominids to development of symbolism that, later on, led to human religious imaginaries. Religion is a structure external to the group, modern Western society establishes its foundations in monotheistic religious moral precepts, which function as rules of social action. The objective of this article was to analyze, from a sociological, anthropological and psychological point of view, the structure of religious-spiritual behavior, through such analysis it follows that the psycho-spiritual-structure must be evaluated in conjunction with other elements that they integrate the processes of modern educational guidance to improve people’s quality of life. © 2022 Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
Niveles de estrés académico en estudiantes de tercero de bachillerato de Unidades Educativas Particulares de la ciudad Cuenca- Ecuador en el período lectivo 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-19) Parra Rivadeneira, Stephany Dayanna; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Academic stress is a growing problem that affects both academic performance and the mental health of students. Previous research has found high levels of stress in university students; however, there is a lack of studies addressing this issue in late adolescence, especially due to the demands and concerns of this stage. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the levels of academic stress perceived by 68 students aged 16 to 18 who are in their third year of high school at Unidad Educativa Particular Porvenir and Unidad Educativa American School during the 2024–2025 academic year. The approach used in the study was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The Systemic Cognitive Inventory for the Study of Academic Stress (SISCO SV-21) by Barraza was applied, complemented with a sociodemographic form. Furthermore, this study provided relevant information about academic stress levels, identifying a moderate level of stress in this research. The results aim to contribute to future research on larger populations and serve as a precedent for professionals in educational institutions to prevent and improve optimal academic performance.
Niveles de motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de primer ciclo de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2024 - 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-15) Gañay Dután, Karen Lisseth; Machado Moreira, Katherine Silvana; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Motivation is a multidimensional construct that drives behavior toward the achievement of goals and objectives, while learning strategies are processes used consciously and intentionally to acquire, process, and retain information. A low level in both areas can negatively impact academic performance and cause significant distress in the motivational and cognitive components of college students. This research design aims to describe the levels of motivation and learning strategies in undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Cuenca in the period September 2024 and January 2025. To carry out this research, a quantitative approach will be adopted with a non-experimental methodological design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope. The sample will be composed of 115 undergraduate students of Psychology at the University of Cuenca. Data will be collected using the Motivation and Learning Strategies Short Form Questionnaire (MSLQ SF). The findings indicate that students present medium levels of motivation and moderate use of learning strategies. This result is consistent with previous research highlighting the importance of motivation in the academic performance of university students.
Niveles de responsabilidad y conducta prosocial en niñas y niños de 9 a 11 años de edad
(2016) Chalco Moscoso, María Inés; Medina Cruz, Eucaris Marión; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The following document has the objective of qualify and measure the responsibility levels and the pro-social behaviors of children of 9 to 11 years old in these educational institutions: CEBCI, San Roque and Luis Cordero, located in Cuenca, in the Azuay province. To fulfill the objectives and answer the research questions, we apply two different questionnaires: PB Cuestionario de ConductaProsocial, Prosocial Behavior Scale (CP) Caprara y Pastorelli, 1993; Del Barrio, Moreno y Lopez, 2001) CSRQ, Cuestionario de Responsabilidad. The Contextual Self-Responsibility Questionnaire (CSRQ) Watson, Newton, Kim (2003). These questionnaires were answered by 284 students with ages between 9 and 11. As a result of this research we completed a large scale of questions posed in such way that the pro-social behavior positively forecast Responsibility. Because of these results we expected to continue the use of these instruments with different samples.
Percepción de estrés y afrontamiento espiritual en mujeres privadas de libertad
(2018) Arévalo Moscoso, María Verónica; Mejía López, Alexandra Milena; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The present work has as a general objective: The correlation to level of stress perception with the usage of strategies of spiritual coping in incarcerated women. This research used a quantitative approach, of correlational scope, whose design was of a transversal - not experimental type. This study was conducted with 59 inmates from "Centro de rehabilitación social Zaruma", aged between 18 and 67 years, with sentence times between 10 and 300 months (10 months to 25 years). Data was obtained through using of Sociodemographic Record, Cohen Global Stress Perception Scale (SPS) and Baldacchino Spiritual Coping Scale (SCS). After the statistical analysis, the results have indicated that, there is no significant relationship between the level of perception of stress and the usage of spiritual coping strategies (religious and non-religious). The stress perception scale indicated that the incarcerated women have presented average level of stress. In terms of the spiritual coping scale, the results indicated that the frequency of use of non-religious coping strategies were the most used, taking into account that 76.3% of the participants reported belonging to the Catholic religion. It is concluded that the stress perception that inmates present in the prison environment, is not related to the use or frequency of strategies spiritual coping, in addition, these variables are not associated at sociodemographic aspects such as religion type, sentence time or relationship with children.
Rasgos de atención plena en estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca del periodo 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-19) Suquilanda Molina, Omar Dario; Patiño Sinchi, Fabián Mauricio; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The mindfulness personality trait is defined as an ability to focus on the here and now, where the individual can deliberately direct their attention towards external and internal elements. High levels of mindfulness are significantly correlated with an increase in overall well-being, a reduction in perceived stress levels and noticeable improvements in concentration and academic performance. The objective of this research is to describe the level of mindfulness trait in 125 students of the seventh cycle of the faculty of psychology of the University of Cuenca, from a one-dimensional perspective and considering the domains of acceptance and presence, In addition to examining significant gender differences. This study is descriptive, to document and analyze mindfulness as a personality trait. The results show that the population has a moderate attention trait, with presence higher than acceptance and without significant differences by gender and age. Male has a higher score on the total scale and acceptance dimension, and female has a higher score on the presence dimension. The results lead to a better understanding of mindfulness in students, new research is promoted that increases the variables and explains their relationship, or the development of mindfulness programs that allow this trait to be enhanced and mental well-being increased.
Sistema de creencias y afrontamiento espiritual en adultos que profesan la religión católica e islámica. Cuenca
(2018) Campoverde Jara, Pablo Xavier; Zamora Bautista, Esther Carolina; Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
The objective of this article is to compare the belief system and spiritual coping in adults who profess the Catholic and Islamic religion in the city of Cuenca. The research handled a quantitative approach and the scope of the comparative type was carried out in adults, males between 18 and 65 years of age, practitioners of the aforementioned religions. The variables analyzed are the conviction and frequency of use of religious and non-religious strategies. The study sample consists of 100 men: 70% practitioners of the Catholic religion and 30% practitioners of Islam; for the collection of information of the SBI-15R Beliefs system and the scale of Spiritual Coping Strategies, therefore, for a better visualization of the results, the histograms, and box and whisker diagrams were used, the data processing was performed in the statistical program SPSS STATISTIC 23 and the editing of tables in Excel 2016. It was concluded that the greater the degree of religious conviction, the greater the use of religious and non-religious strategies that reaffirm their beliefs. The group of practitioners of Islam were those who obtained the highest score in the results, evidencing their great religious conviction, on the other hand, Catholics would have to use the same religious practices, but to a lesser extent than the Islamic ones.
Validación psicométrica del inventario sistemas de creencias en el Ecuador
(2020) Bernal Sarmiento, Luis Alberto
Los sistemas de creencias son conjuntos de mapas cognitivos que representan la realidad y se encargan de guiar a las personas en el funcionamiento social. Las primeras creencias construidas por el homo sapiens fueron las de tipo religioso, a través de estas explicaron sus orígenes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar psicométricamente el Inventario Sistemas de Creencias Revisión 15 aplicado en una población de personas con enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador. El estudio contó con 153 personas, el 61.4% tenía cáncer, el 28.8% diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente, el 7.2% otras enfermedades y el 2.61% hipertensión arterial primaria. El alfa de Cronbach fue de .897, la prueba Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin mostró un coeficiente de .900 y la prueba de Bartlett resultó significativa p = < .000 (X2 = 1289.93; gl= 105), la correlación entre elementos tuvo variaciones de .19 y .75. Se identificaron dos factores que explicaron el 58.61 % de la varianza. Se encontró una relación positiva fuerte (rs=.569; p=.000) entre la religiosidad del inventario y la frecuencia de uso de estrategias de afrontamiento religioso, uno de los dominios de la escala Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual-Cuenca, cumpliéndose la validez concurrente. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p < .05) entre los participantes, las mujeres puntuaron más alto en religiosidad que los hombres. Producto de este proceso de investigación se obtuvo el Inventario Sistemas de Creencias- Cuenca Revisión 15, versión que demostró validez y fiabilidad en una población de personas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.