Browsing by Author "Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián"

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Análisis del rendimiento y eficiencia de un sistema Radio-over-Fiber sobre una red PON mediante Optisystem
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-09-30) Cabrera Cochancela, Iván Fernando; Zambrano Jaramillo, José Andrés; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
In the present work radio over fiber systems RoF aimed at the application of mobile networks or more specifically for the development of 5G cellular technology, were studied. The insertion of RoF technology on a GPON-FTTH network was estudied, using it as a fronthaul for the mobile service. Contribution obtained is consistent with the new Fi-Wi technology standards that are being developed and gives a new perspective at the time of its implementation, taking it as a reference. Thus, the following questions were raised: What would be the performance and efficiency of a FTTH network when inserting RoF technology for the mobile service? Will the performance and efficiency be maintained or will it have any disturbance? The answers to the previous questions correspond to the justification of this work, aimed at expanding the field of services applied to fiber optics without representing a greater investment to the interested parties. For the aforementioned, the OptiSystem software was used to analyze the FTTH-RoF system for the mobile service. Initially, a GPON-FTTH network was characterized considering both download link and upload link. Similarly, the RoF system was designed in its two versions: A-RoF and D-RoF, considering them as two case studies. Both study cases were based on OFDM system with QAM modulation: 4-QAM, 16-QAM and 64-QAM. For the case of the FTTH network, a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps for download link and 1.25 Gbps for upload link was considered; while for mobile system, a bit rate of 5 Gbps was simulated for both links. Subsequently, the system was multiplexed, achieving a convergence of services that made it possible to evaluate its performance. The performance and efficiency evaluation of GPON-FTTH system was performed based on OPM parameters, among which is considered to the following: attenuation, chromatic dispersion, signal-to-noise ratio OSNR, BER, quality factor Q , eye diagram and constellation diagram
Diseño de un sistema de seguridad de la información para la Compañía Acotecnic Cía. Ltda. basado en la norma NTE INEN ISO/IEC 27002
(2015) Lanche Capa, Darwin Stalin; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
Being a valuable benefit for business, the information, must be properly protected through security politics that lend us an appropriate management of information security. A correct administration of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), a culture of ethicsin the management and care of the information, and a correct model of administration, based in clear objectives and the current legislation, may protect the interest of the company, ensuring the continuity of this business. Setting off the need to determinate the feasibility of implementing an information security system, in small companies, the current thesis project proposes analyzing the condition of a local company dedicated to offer professional services in the technical consultancy area, and with these results, establish a schema that can be followed to implement, improve and maintain an optimal security management system, in accordance to the requirements and investment that it can provide. An analysis based on the best practices recommended by the policy NTE INEM ISO/IEC 27002 is made, in every single area of the ICT that the company possesses for the development of their daily activities.
Diseño e implementación de una matriz de butler de 4x4
(2016) Auquilla Avila, Diego Andrés; Pacheco Portilla, Wilmer Danilo; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
Diseño y construcción de transductores de magnitudes eléctricas
(1992) Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián; Rosas Castro, Claudio T.; Jaramillo Palacios, Fabián
Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de analizador vectorial de redes de bajo costo con interfaz gráfica
(2018-10-26) Mejía Pérez, Pedro Alberto; Godoy Mendia, Alex Paul; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
At the moment of analyzing devices that work in the microwave range, it is necessary to consider other aspects that are not done at low frequencies, which gives rise to new characterization techniques when performing the quadrupole analysis, one of the most accepted at high frequencies they are scattering parameters or S-parameters that by means of the measurements of incident, reflected and transmitted wave in different ports, allows us the characterization of the devices under test. The instruments that measure scattering parameters are known as Vector Network Analyzer or simply VNA, which at present are very expensive and involve a large investment to acquire them and contribute to the investigation of high frequency devices. The purpose of the development of this work is to build a vector analyzer of networks, starting from the design of a directional coupler, power splitter and based on the Ad8302 module, and a function generator AD4351, in order to obtain the measurements of the parameters of dispersion S11 and S21. Also develop a graphical interface to visualize the results of phase magnitude and Smith Chart, through the Raspberry Pi3 module.
Estudio de factibilidad de un radioenlace implementado con equipos de radio definido por software
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-11) Cevallos Durán, Juan Marcelo; Reino Cherrez, Mateo Juan; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
The present work includes a study of a feasibility of a radio link. This study used a Software Defined Radio (SDR), and equipment manufactured by Analog Devices Inc (ADI), specifically the Adalm Pluto model. The characteristics of this radiofrequency were obtained from the technical information provided by the manufacturer. Some measurements were done in a laboratory environment. Subsequently, the link was designed for the range of elements available. In today’s society, we can count on acquiring antennas tuned to a frequency of 2.4 GHz, which allows using this as the design frequency. To improve the conditions of the link we add a small amplifier for better signal. The Modulations: phase shift modulation in Displacement quadrature (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Displacement Modulation Gaussian minimum (GMSK) was programmed in the GNU-Radio software. Finally, the results obtained were: the maximum distance reached to implement a radio link is 1100 meters applying the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations to evaluate the radio link; the transmit power of the Adalm Pluto is between 3.46 dBm and -2.69 dBm; and, the receiver does not allow power signals higher than -40 dBm and lower than -78 dBm.
Evaluación de la aplicabilidad de la tecnología CDMA 450 en el Austro Ecuatoriano mediante la utilización de un modelo basado en sistemas de información geográfica
(2011) Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián; Andrade Rodas, Juan
Evaluación del rango de transmisión de LoRa para redes de sensores inalámbricos con LoRaWAN en cuencas hidrográficas en función del tamaño de carga útil, altura del gateway y potencia de transmisión
(2018-10-25) Peralta Santos, Juan Francisco; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
The rapid growth of smart devices and the IoT paradigm require ubiquitous communication systems that natively integrate internet services with low power consumption. LoRa stands out for its energy efficiency, broad transmission range and ease of implementation. This document focuses on the analysis of this technology in different environments of the province of Azuay, with the objective of obtaining trajectory loss models that allow the design and analysis of LoRa networks, although, a first analysis in these environments, variables such as the height of the gateway, size of payload and transmission power were not taken into consideration. In a previous work it was found that the RSSI values lower than -110 dBm delivered by the LoRa 900 Evaluation Kit are not reliable to be used in the model or in the statistical comparison. Using the Dunn test, it was shown that modification of the trajectory loss model taking into account the payload size is not necessary, since all the configuration variations analyzed are related. The results of the model constants proved to have a linear relationship with the height of the equipment, so the initial logarithmic model was modified taking into account the height, in addition the model constants of the analyzed environments are exposed for use in the loss model of LoRaSim.
Evaluación del rango de transmisión de LoRa para redes de sensores inalámbricos en un ambiente rural de gran extensión y baja densidad de árboles
(2019-04-23) Alvarez Aguilar, Carlos Arturo; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has not been carried out in a convincing manner due to still technological limitations. Currently, different types of networks are been developed to meet the requirements of the IoT. Among them, there is the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The LoRaWAN network stands out among the LPWAN networks and is one of the most suitable technologies for the IoT. The LoRa modulation uses a chirp spread spectrum technique that offers great resistance to interference, a good communication link budget and low power consumption. This document focuses on evaluating the performance of LoRa technology in an open rural environment. This type of environment is suitable for applications such as smart agriculture. The Irquis farm, located in the province of Azuay, Ecuador, is taken as the study area. By using the LoRa 900 evaluation kit from Microchip, a measurement set is carried out. With the data collected in the measurements, we propose an empirical model of trajectory losses based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The results show that with a gateway placed at 10 m in height, it is possible to have coverage throughout the all farm. The farthest point is around 1000 m from the gateway. It was found that the RSSI is affected not only by the distance but by the obstacles that are between the node and the gateway. It is important to place the gateway at an appropriate height.
Evaluation of LoRaWAN transmission range for wireless sensor networks in riparian forests.
(Association for Computing Machinery, Incacmhelp@acm.org, 2019) Ávila Campos, Pablo Esteban; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
© 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. Low power wide area networks (LPWAN) such as long range wide area networks (LoRaWAN), provide several advantages on monitoring systems development in forested environments due to its simple set-up, low cost, low power consumption, and wide coverage. Regarding the coverage area, the transmission in forested environments can be highly attenuated by foliage and must be defined to optimize the number of nodes. This paper discusses an empirical study of LoRa with LoRaWAN transmission range in riparian forests, based on path-loss modeling, using both received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). The measurements have been conducted in the riparian forest of three local rivers at urban, semi-urban, and rural environments located in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The measurement results found that there is a significant distribution difference among measurement places, a high correlation between two banks of the same river, a higher standard deviation in urban measurements and a larger coverage in rural areas.
Implementación de un sensor de permitividad para fluidos utilizando el método de terminación coaxial abierta
(2019-10-24) Jara Carpio, Gabriela Betzabe; Solano Pacheco, Josue Sebastián; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
This Project focuses on the implementation of an open-ended coaxial probe capable of measuring the complex permittivity on liquids using the MegiQ VNA, which is available in the School of Engineering of the University of Cuenca. First, the ENA Keysight Technology equipment, available in ARCOTEL, was used to do measurements and to have a global idea about the measurement process using the open-ended coaxial probe method. Later, the design and implementation of the probe and three mathematical models that relate to the permittivity with the reflection coefficient are described according a little bibliographic and theoretical review about the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the transmission lines and previous experiments on the permittivity measurement using similar methods. The reference data is used for the selection of the analyzed liquids (water, butanol, ethanol, methanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol), which were arranged by the Chemical engineering lab of the University of Cuenca. A second task described in this thesis is the conversion and registry of the measurement of the reflection coefficient of each liquid. When comparing obtained results with theorical data, the following parameters were defined: the proper mathematical model (Capacitive Model), reference liquid (propan-1-ol), and analysis frequency range (500 – 2500 MHz). Finally, after performing data adjustment, the results that evaluate precision and accuracy of the probe according the average and standard deviation of the error rate produced in repetitive measurements on each liquid (exactly 10 measurements) are exposed. The probe has a margin of error of 15% and a degree of accuracy of 3-6% in most of the frequencies analyzed.
Implementación de un sistema autónomo rastreador de transmisiones no deseadas de bajo coste basado en RTL-SDR
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-09) García Monrroy, Geovanny Xavier; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
This graduate degree thesis pertains to the development of an algorithm that scans radio wave spectra within the FM Radio (88 MHz -108 MHz) and TV (UHF, VHF) bandwidths, with the use of software defined radio, specifically using a RTL-SDR Blog V3 device. The data are processed in Python with the use of the Pandas and Numpy Python libraries. These elements together constitute the infrastructure that processes and analyzes the data with the goal of discerning between legal and illegal radio transmissions. Necessary for this process was the use of statistical operators such as correlation as well as signal comparators like the root mean square error, to serve as metrics of the similarity between a scanned signal and a reference signal. All this information is presented through a web browser interface by way of a web interface programmed in Python, HTML and CSS. Within the web interface a user first needs to create an account. Once logged in, the user then selects the scanning bandwidth (FM or TV) in which the system will detect any undesired signals. The web application runs on a Raspberry Pi 3 which acts as the web server. This server then initiates the scanning and data processing commands, as well as connect to a Google Cloud Storage database in order to store any alerts of illegal radio transmissions in the cloud.
Implementación del estándar IEEE 802.11.p sobre el dispositivo hack RF ONE en un ambiente controlado
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-14) Guillín Jiménez, Diego Xavier; Naula Rojas, Luis Fernando; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) consists of interconnecting static and mobile nodes and focus on applications that support control tra c, safety and comfort. IEEE 802.11p is the standard containing the technical specifications. Moreover, many research studies on this standard have only been applied in simulations due to high hardware costs. This thesis work implements the IEEE 802.11p standard on GNU Radio on the HackRF ONE SDR device, due to its lower cost. In this context corresponding to the standard, the Physical Layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer will be implemented, and an application that broadcasts a message in static and mobile scenarios is deployed. Moreover, the infrastructure to be used is from a RSU (static station) mounted on a tra c light and the OBU (mobile station) mounted on a vehicle. Laboratory tests that are carried out in this thesis development, they are made to analyze and check the specifications of the standard, also tests in physical scenarios are carried out, an idealized scenario and a real scenario. In this last, static and mobile tests are carried out. The data that will be used to send and receive, correspond to the status of tra c light and will vary according to its arrangement. Finally, tests are carried out using di erent modulation schemes, variation in transmission power at di erent distances, and speeds. Also, a parameter setting is defined for signal transmission that fits into a reliable working range for the HackRF ONE device. Within the tests performed, the type of modulation and the most robust transmission rate for these scenarios are chosen. On the other hand, the data that was obtained was used to analyze the packets received, the throughput, and the delay in the di erent static and mobile scenarios.Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) consists of interconnecting static and mobile nodes and focus on applications that support control tra c, safety and comfort. IEEE 802.11p is the standard containing the technical specifications. Moreover, many research studies on this standard have only been applied in simulations due to high hardware costs. This thesis work implements the IEEE 802.11p standard on GNU Radio on the HackRF ONE SDR device, due to its lower cost. In this context corresponding to the standard, the Physical Layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer will be implemented, and an application that broadcasts a message in static and mobile scenarios is deployed. Moreover, the infrastructure to be used is from a RSU (static station) mounted on a tra c light and the OBU (mobile station) mounted on a vehicle. Laboratory tests that are carried out in this thesis development, they are made to analyze and check the specifications of the standard, also tests in physical scenarios are carried out, an idealized scenario and a real scenario. In this last, static and mobile tests are carried out. The data that will be used to send and receive, correspond to the status of tra c light and will vary according to its arrangement. Finally, tests are carried out using di erent modulation schemes, variation in transmission power at di erent distances, and speeds. Also, a parameter setting is defined for signal transmission that fits into a reliable working range for the HackRF ONE device. Within the tests performed, the type of modulation and the most robust transmission rate for these scenarios are chosen. On the other hand, the data that was obtained was used to analyze the packets received, the throughput, and the delay in the di erent static and mobile scenarios.
Implementación y evaluación de un sistema cinemático en tiempo real, utilizando un radio definido por software de bajo costo, configurado como una estación móvil de geolocalización para recepción de señales del sistema global de navegación por satélite
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-29) Berrezueta Tapia, Erick Elian; Tenesaca Illares, Juan Diego; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
Geolocation systems have improved in accuracy thanks to technological advancements, redu- cing costs and expanding applications. RTK devices are highly accurate and useful in topo- graphic surveys, reliable in receiving GNSS signals. To lower costs, RTL-SDR devices were tested as GNSS receivers in a low-cost system configured as a rover connected to a base station using the RTCM protocol for differential corrections. Measurements were taken at eight reference points in Cuenca, comparing the accuracy of the processed signals under three con- ditions: without correction, with correction using an external base station, and with correction using a local base station. The results showed that the local base station improved accuracy, although in high-interference environments, the corrections were not always precise. Measure- ments without correction showed greater dispersion but a more accurate average. A low-cost SDR-based GNSS system is viable for moderate precision applications, with the local base station recommended for greater accuracy or no correction in high-interference environments.
Planificación y diseño de una red óptica pasiva "GPON" para la ciudad de General Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez
(2016) Guamán Rivera, Jhonny Lenin; Hernández Guayara, Paola Gabriela; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
The continued growth of bandwidth needed to satisfy users requirements has driven to service providers to seek low cost solutions and viable alternatives to meet customer needs. This graduation project proposes the implementation of a network access fiber using GPON technology for the Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones CNT. EP in order to serve Triple-Play replacing the current copper network in Gral. Leónidas Plaza city in the province of Morona Santiago. As a pre-step network design, an analysis of the demand in terms of telephone access, plans commercial and residential internet and TV subscriptions are performed. This analysis sizing of the resources required for the design and implementation is derived. In addition due to fieldwork in the area and information gathering in the city of Limon and the CNT Enterprise, network infrastructure of copper that can be harnessed for the new fiber network is established. The network design was performed according to the Policy of Drawing and the Technical Regulations CNT, the same that was validated by the project department. To determine the feasibility of the project a financial analysis was performed based on reference prices of construction and sales revenue.
Recomendación de ubicaciónn de transmisores para una cobertura optima de televisión digital terrestre en la ciudad de Cuenca, basada en un modelo de propagación ajustado
(2016) Chacho Prado, Ismael Fabián; Zamora Castro, Henry Vladimir; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
This research focuses on the analysis of two propagation models often used for Digital Terrestrial Television: Okumura Hata model and ITU-R P. 1546-5 recommendation. These models are implemented in the software called RadiUC, developed in the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Cuenca, which allows the use of digital elevation models and predicts the field intensity for a given area. Setting and validation of the propagation model was performed, considering results of field measurements using a Drive Test in the cities of Quito and Cuenca with the SACER system.The error between predictions of the radio model obtained with RadiUC and field measurements was estimated. With this estimate, any changes or adjustments that could be made to the propagation model were analyzed. Validation of the model fits was conducted via a statistical error analysis, contrasting with the simulation software ICS Telecom, in order to minimize the error with the field measurements.An analysis of the current situation of DTT service in Cuenca is performed by simulating current sites to evidence shaded areas. In order to improve coverage, the characteristics of the transmission system were modified obtaining significant improvements. For areas where improvements are not obtained despite the modifications, the possibility of Gap Fillers location for DTT is analyzed.
Sistema de medición del patrón de radiación de antenas en el rango de 1 MHz a 4 GHz. Mejora de rango dinámico y mando remoto
(2019-03-25) Icaza Samaniego, Santiago Patricio; Inga Ortega, Juan Vicente; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián; Lupercio Novillo, Luis Geovanny
At the Faculty of Engineering, a didactic system was designed to obtain radiation patterns of antennas in a frequency range of 1 to 6 GHz, which uses a radio signal power RMS detector. In the present work, some improvements are presented in the system. A logarithmic detector and a radio signal power RMS detector were used. With the RMS detector, a dynamic range of 61 dB was obtained and with the logarithmic detector a dynamic range of 78 dB. To increase the dynamic range, a low noise amplifier (LNA) with a gain of +20 dB has been implemented. Taking into account the losses of the elements, a sensitivity of -69 dBm was obtained, with the possibility of using two low noise amplifiers (LNA) to extend the sensitivity to -85 dBm. The system has a support for the transmitting antenna and another for the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna and its support rotate around an axis and have a wireless control system. The upper part of the support communicates with the lower part by means of Bluetooth communication for the transfer of data, this solves the problem and the difficulties with the wiring that the initial system had. Due to the fact that an anechoic chamber is not available, RF filters were used in the test frequency to improve the definition of the radiation pattern by attenuating strange signals to the test ones. To control and synchronize the system, a program was designed in the Python language. The program implements a graphical interface that controls the entire measurement process. The program is connected to the reception system by serial communication and thus controls the rotation of the axis of the reception tower and the data transfer. Measurements are made at several test frequencies and different types of antennas with their corresponding RF filters. The results were contrasted with theoretical results. The resulting graphs verify a good approximation of the system designed with the theoretical predictions.
Sistema didáctico para la obtención automática de patrones de radiación de antenas en las bandas de 1 GHZ basado en detectores RMS de campo eléctrico
(2017) Jaramillo Pizarro, Gino Geovanny; Araujo Pacheco, Alcides Fabián
The Faculty of Engineering requires a didactic system that allows to obtain the radiation patterns of antennas that are within the range of 1 to 6 GHz. Thanks to the technological advances that have been developed through the current times to the power detectors, it became possible to develop the requested system, which was updated with various forms, methods and components that allowed the measurement of signals received by an antenna, providing an output RMS Voltage proportional to the value of the power received, which can be processed by the equation presented by the power detector to obtain a power value proportional to the output voltage value of the detector. The didactic system consists of programs developed in two different software known as LabVIEW and Matlab, the goal is to be created independent systems, for example, the National Instruments PXI, which is responsible for generating signals that are transmitted through a of the antennas placed in the transmitter support, in addition to the main programs, the mechanical part was designed which is complemented with the control of the support that contains the receiving antenna, and makes movements in the pickups in the mentioned frequencies in the beginning, the measurements realized enters an Arduino Mega 2560 that is in charge of sending data and receive values or orders to control the movements of the support that contains the antenna, and finally this values can be processed in each program and the expected results are visualized. In the system it must be considered that it is configured to perform measurements at each step, the initially configured step is 10 °, but it can be programmed to make measurements in steps of 1 ° or the distance at which it is desired to be measured take the steps, in order not to lose information and present more real data.