Facultad de Odontología Tesis Especializaciones

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Análisis de la obturación de conductos laterales y ramificaciones apicales utilizando dos técnicas de obturación: condensación lateral versus técnica híbrida de Tagger
(2013) Espinoza Vásquez, Ximena Elizabeth; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two obturation techniques, Lateral Condensation and Tagger´s Hybrid Technique to successfully seal lateral canals and apical ramifications, which are anatomic constituents of the complex root canal system, taking into consideration that a lack of seal of them could result in further periradicular disease and endodontic treatment failure, specially in cases with a necrotic dental pulp. Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and divided in two groups of 30 teeth. Root canal preparation was performed with a crown down technique, irrigation protocol was NaOCl 5,25%, EDTA 17% and distilled water. Canal sealing was performed according to one of the two experimental techniques, 15 teeth per group, topseal was used as canal sealer in both cases. Teeth were then cleared and analyzed in a stereomicroscope; the depth of penetration of gutta-percha and cement into lateral canals and apical ramifications was scored using a 5 point scale. For statistical analysis data were submitted to Mann-Whitney U test, with no statistical significant difference between the two study groups (p>0.05)
Dental pulp fibroblast: a star cell
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-19) Castañeda Alvarado, Cristina Paola; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Introduction Dental pulp fibroblasts (DPF) are the most abundant cell type in the dental pulp. They play pivotal roles; however, they are often mistaken to be involved only in the repair and maintenance of this connective tissue. Methods We used the search terms “pulp fibroblast,” “complement system proteins,” “pulp inflammation,” “angiogenesis,” and “dentin pulp regeneration” to identify articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases Results These sentinel cells produce all complement system proteins participating in defense processes, control of inflammation, and dentin-pulp regeneration; produce several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and express patternrecognition receptors, demonstrating their involvement in immunoregulatory mechanisms; express neuropeptides and their receptors, playing an important role in neurogenic inflammation and dental pulp wound healing; secrete angiogenic growth factors as well as neurotrophic proteins, essential for dentin-pulp regeneration; regulate neuronal plasticity processes; and can sense the external environment. Conclusion This review highlights that DPFs are more than mere passive cells in pulp biology and presents an integrative analysis of their roles and functions.
Determinación del tamaño de la preparación apical: un dilema clínico en endodoncia
(2016) Moncayo Serrano, Verónica del Cisne; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Size determination of the apical preparation is a matter of constant debate, because despite all the available scientific evidence, a consensus hasn´t been reached in order to ascertain which is the proper diameter needed to obtain a successful treatment; regarding this, the clinician should be critical on each treatment, considering diagnosis and evaluating the anatomy of the root canal system. In this review, a search of the available literature was conducted in order to provide an approach to the dentists on their clinical procedures, considering different parameters as well as clinical implications derived from determining the size of the apical preparation, which is an important aspect in the context of biomechanical preparation
Efectos del blanqueamiento dental sobre el tejido pulpar
(2016) Cedillo Orellana, Sara Ivanna; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Tooth bleaching is a dynamic process that seeks the removal of stains from tooth structure by using chemicals, mainly hydrogen peroxide and its derivatives, which was first used by 1884 and up to date remains the main active chemical component of many products used for tooth whitening therapies, and is used in its pure or as a final product of the breakdown of other substances used for bleaching, such as carbamide peroxide. Upon contact with the dental tissues, hydrogen peroxide dissociates into free radicals such as reactive oxygen species, which can diffuse through the enamel, dentin and even reach the pulp tissue, causing undesirable effects such as tooth sensitivity, damage to the cellular components and altered blood flow; this deleterious effects are related to the number of sessions, product concentration, time of placement and type of activation (chemical, light, heat and laser).
Eficacia de la anestesia pulpar en incisivos laterales superiores y primeros molares inferiores mediante el empleo del injex
(2017) Carpio Carpio, Sandra Lorena; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Dental anesthesia used to relieve pain during dental procedures is one of the major causes of fear and anxiety in the patient. Although the use of syringe and carpule continues with the technique most used to administer local anesthesia, the use of devices that use pressure mechanisms to administer anesthesia, without using a needle, is an option. Objetives: to determine the efficacy of pulp anesthesia and the onset time in the upper lateral incisors and lower first molars using jet injection (Injex) compared to the conventional technique (syringe and carpule), to compare the level of pain in each technique and, to determine acceptance and preference for the techniques applied. Materials and methods: Twenty-four subjects participated in a cross-sectional study, who were given 0.6 ml of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline dilution at 1: 80000, one for each technique. The Heft-Parker scale was used to assess the level of pain recorded. Results: In the upper lateral incisor, the Injex onset time took only 2.83 ± 0.7min (p=0.60) to the conventional technique 3.60 ± 1.37min (p=0.74); the time of pulpal anesthesia was higher in the conventional technique 47.07 ± 13.5min (p = 0.29) versus the pressure technique 31.06 ± 15.0 min (p = 0.09). In the lower molar, with conventional technique, a pulp anesthesia was not achieved in 75.0% (18/24 patients). Molars was anesthetized with an onset time of 4 min 31 s - 5 min 30s (p = 0.50) and a pulp anesthesia time of 57 min 35 s - 60 min (p = 0.50). With pressure technique 4.2% (1/24) achieved pulpal anesthesia with a onset time of 5 min 31 s - 6 min 30 s (p = 0.45), and a pulp anesthesia time of 51 min 1 s - 60 min (p = 0.45). Regarding pain, 33.3% reported negligible pain with needle and carpule vs 33.3% of mild pain with Injex, and 8.3% with strong pain with Injex vs 12.5% of moderate pain with the conventional technique. Finally, in preference, 50% of participants preferred the conventional technique, 25% the technique under pressure, and 25% have no preference for either. Conclusion: The application of pressure anesthesia by the Injex in the upper and lower jaw, with a volume of 0.6 ml, does not achieve an efficacy in pulpal anesthesia
Estudio de la anatomía interna de incisivos inferiores mediante el método de diafanización
(2013) Kun Astudillo, Kenia Karen; Álvarez Vásquez, José Luis
Knowledge of the anatomy of the intricate and complex root canal system of each tooth group is of utmost importance for dental practice, it constitutes one of the cornerstones for the success of endodontic treatment along with the diagnosis, chemomechanical preparation and obturation. Hence, it is appropriate to conduct studies on anatomical diversity of the root canal system of lower incisors, cataloged according to many professionals as having just one root canal. Various techniques have been employed to study the root canal system of lower incisors, however clearing technique by which one can get a dental tissue clearance is one of the most used and a very didactic teaching method at the same time, because it allows to obtain translucent tooth root canals and possible anatomic variants pigmented, making possible a 3D visualization of the complex root canal system. In the present investigation 143 lower incisors were cleared, in order to describe their internal anatomy and to get information from our own environment as well, which can be useful for students and professionals working in the endodontic field. The results showed that 89.5% of the incisors had a type I canal, 1.4% type II, 2,1 % type III, 1.4% type IV, 4.2% type V and 0.7% type VII. The incidence of lateral canals and deltas was 37,8% and 15,73, respectively

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