Frecuencia de mastitis en vacas ubicadas en las comunidades de Puculcay, Sarama y Hornillos del cantón Santa Isabel de la provincia del Azuay

Abstract

Mastitis is a multifactorial disease that affects dairy cattle, both in animal health and in the quality, marketing and consumption of dairy products. Considering the relevance of the safety of foods of animal origin, in this case milk, the present study was proposed, with the objective of evaluating the frequency of mastitis in dairy cattle in the communities of Puculcay, Sarama and Hornillos of the Santa Isabel canton from the province of Azuay and compare the frequency of clinical and subclinical mastitis, the etiological agents present and those risk factors for the development of the disease in cattle. The investigation was carried out by taking samples from 226 cows belonging to 20 rural producers using the black bottom jug tests, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the information record sheet with 19 questions in order to know the conditions of the dairy herd and the milking process. Through laboratory tests, it was determined that 43.8% of animals had mastitis, of which 95.95% correspond to subclinical mastitis and 4.05% to clinical mastitis. In addition, the descriptive statistical analysis concluded that the bacterial agents in the case of clinical and subclinical mastitis are Staphylococcus ssp, Streptococcus spp, and Enterobacter, with Staphylococcus being the most prevalent agent in the laboratory count of microorganisms. Finally, factors such as the quarantine of infected cows, final milking of cows with mastitis and the good condition of drinkers and feeders, are recorded as protective factors against the development of the disease and in terms of the biological agent, it was evidenced that the agent The main cause is contaminant with 76.84% in the case of subclinical mastitis and 100% in clinical mastitis.